Military budget of India
The military budget or defence budget of India is the portion of the overall budget of Union budget of India that is allocated for the funding of the Indian Armed Forces. The military budget finances employee salaries and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities, support of new or ongoing operations, and development and procurement of new technologies, weapons, equipment, and vehicles.[1]
The Indian Army accounts for more than half of the total defence budget of India, with most of the expenditure going to the maintenance of cantonments, salaries and pensions, instead of critical arms and ammunition.[2]
Overview
India's defence budget includes allocation for the three defence services, army, navy and air force. It also includes allocation for the ordnance factories, research and development, and capital outlay. Additionally there are civil defence expenditures such as pensions. Unofficial expenditure includes expenses for four of the six Central Armed Police Forces responsible for border security. Space and atomic energy is funded separately.[3]
| Official/ Unofficial | Category/ Demand for Grants (DFGs) | DCE/DSE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unofficial | MoD (Canteen Store Department, MOD Secretariat, Coast Guard, J&K Light Infantry) | Defence Civil (DCE) | |
| Pensions and other benefits | |||
| Official Defence Budget | Running/ Operating Expenses | Army (including National Cadet Corps, Director General Quality Assurance, Military Farms and Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme) | Defence Services (DSE) |
| Navy (Joint Staff) | |||
| Air Force | |||
| Defence Ordnance Factories | |||
| Defence Research and Development | |||
| Capital expense | Capital outlay (Capital expenditure of all services including NCC, Ordnance Factories and DGQA) | ||
| Unofficial | Border Roads Organisation, Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Sashastra Seema Bal, Border Management, CAPF construction, Border Outposts | ||
Expenditures
Share of defence services in defence budget in 2020-21[4]
2017–18
Union Minister for Finance allocated ₹359,000 crore (equivalent to ₹5.0 trillion or US$60 billion in 2023) of the 2017 Union budget of India for development in the Indian armed forces, marking a raise of around 7% from the previous fiscal year.[5][6]
2018–19
In presenting the Defence Budget of 2018-19 Finance Minister allocated ₹4,04,365 crore (US$ 63 billion) for the Ministry of Defence (MOD).[7] This translates into an increase of 5.66% over 2017-18 defence budget.
2019–20
As 2019 was an election year the NDA government presented an interim budget in place of a regular budget as per the general practice. In the interim budget an allocation of ₹4,31,011 crores (US$61.573 billion) was made.[8] On its re-election the NDA government kept the military budget unchanged. However the actual expenditure exceeded the estimated amount and final spending of defence for 2019-20 stood at ₹4,48,820 crores (US$62.71 Billion).[9] So there was an increase of around 10% with respect to previous budget.
2020–21
The allocation for defence during the fiscal year 2020-21 stood at (US$73.86 Billion).[9] This amounted to an increase of nearly 9%.
2022-23
The allocation for defence during the fiscal year 2022 -23 stood at 76.88 billion dollar, making it the third highest in the world after USA and China.[10]
Spending (% of GDP)
| Year | Ruling coalition | Expenditure (%) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | |||
| 2021 | |||
| 2020 | 2.88 | 0.36
| |
| 2019 | 2.52 | 0.10
| |
| 2018 | 2.42 | 0.09
| |
| 2017 | 2.51 | 0.00 | |
| 2016 | 2.51 | 0.10
| |
| 2015 | 2.41 | 0.09
| |
| 2014 | 2.50 | 0.03
| |
| 2013 | 2.47 | 0.07
| |
| 2012 | 2.54 | 0.11
| |
| 2011 | 2.65 | 0.06
| |
| 2010 | 2.71 | 0.18
| |
| 2009 | 2.89 | 0.34
| |
| 2008 | 2.55 | 0.21
| |
| 2007 | 2.34 | 0.18
|
The above statistics were collected by World Bank up to 2018.[11]
Capital Acquisition
| Armed force | BE 2013-14 (₹ in Cr) | RE 2013-14 (₹ in Cr) | Under/over spending (₹ in Cr) | Under/over spending (%) | Interim 2014-15 (₹ in Cr) | % Growth of interim 2014-15 over BE 2013-14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Army | 23,423.23 | 10,871.22 | 2,525.82 | 18.95 | 20,920.20 | 56.83
|
| Navy | 19,972.78 | 19,234.31 | 3,614.47 | 15.39 | 23,020.86 | 1.95
|
| Air Force | 37,048.06 | 36,016.54 | 1,031.52 | 2.78 | 31,817.89 | 14.12
|
| Total | 73,853.88 | 66,682.07 | 7,171.81 | 9.71 | 705,738.95 | 2.55
|
The above data was published by the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.[12]
See also
References
- ^ Navlakha, Gautam (1999). "Defence Spending: Cost of Fighting Imaginary Enemies". Economic and Political Weekly. 34 (19): 1085–1088. ISSN 0012-9976.
- ^ "Defence Manufacturing in India". www.investindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ a b Behera 2015, p. 236-238.
- ^ Behera, Laxman Kumar (4 February 2021). "India's Defence Budget 2020-21". MP-IDSA. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Behera, Laxman K (3 February 2017). "India's Defence Budget 2017-18:An Analysis". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. IDSA. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ "India's defence budget hiked 10pc to INR 2.74 trillion". Dawn. Reuters. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (1 February 2018). "Budget 2018: Defence sector gets a boost by 7.81%". Economic Times. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ Behera, Laxman Kumar (8 July 2019). "India's Defence Budget 2019-20". MP Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ a b Behera, Laxman Kumar (4 February 2020). "India's Defence Budget 2020-21". MP Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ "World military expenditure passes $2 trillion for first time". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
- ^ "Military expenditure (% of GDP) - India | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Behera, Laxman Kumar (23 February 2014). "India's Interim Defence Budget 2014-15: An Appraisal". MP Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
Bibliography
- Behera, Laxman Kumar (2015). "15: Changing contours of Indian defence expenditure". In Pant, Harsh V. (ed.). Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines. Routledge. ISBN 9781317380092 – via Google Books.
Further reading
Books
- Ghosh, Amiya Kumar (1996). India's Defence Budget and Expenditure Management in a Wider Context. New Delhi: Lancer. ISBN 9781897829264.
- Cohen, Stephen P.; Dasgupta, Sunil (2013). Arming without Aiming: India's Military Modernization. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 9780815724926.
Reports
- Sethi, Sanjay (2014), "Performance Measurement: A Model for the Department of Defence Production" (PDF), Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi. Manekshaw Paper No. 46, KW Publishers
Journals
- Navlakha, Gautam (1999). "Defence Spending: Cost of Fighting Imaginary Enemies". Economic and Political Weekly. 34 (19): 1085–1088. ISSN 0012-9976.
News
- "Defence Procurement Policy". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Philip, Snehesh Alex (9 August 2020). "Artillery guns, assault rifles, AFVs — Here's a list of 101 items MoD won't import in future". ThePrint. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
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