Peñalba

Peñalba, Spain
Seal
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Aragon
Province	Huesca
Municipality	Peñalba
Area
• Total	156 km2 (60 sq mi)
Population  (2004)
• Total	742
• Density	4.8/km2 (12/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)

Peñalba is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 742 inhabitants.

http://www.penalba.es/index.php

[Original in Spanish] http://www.penalba.es/index.php/mod.pags/mem.detalle/idpag.22/idmenu.1041/chk.6072197727d2012719b592d205c40184.html

[Translated into English:]

History

PREHISTORY: Neanderthal man is quoted as Peñalba present in more than 140,000 years ago as The Valcuerna settlements that are related to hunting. The first inhabitants of Aragon

There are indications of Paleolithic and Neolithic periods Peñalba are of recent detection from the conversion of irrigated, there was an archaeological study by the University of Zaragoza, which discovered traces of lithic industry at various points ( A total of 43 of 107 sites found in Peñalba) which account for 40% of the findings to the human presence is demonstrated from the beginning of the Paleolithic about 30,000 years ago until today. Although most of these remains dating from the Stone Age are indeterminate are some that are specified in the period Mesolithic, before the Neolithic .

The findings of lithic industry are mainly focused on vouchers: Valcabrère, Valdecaldes, Valcelada, Royano, Valacuerna etc. Probably in auquella time, in the age postglacial, the climate was wetter and vouchers had permanent water courses.

Following the archaeological study prior to the transformation in irrigation describe 33 references handmade pottery remains, most associated with Palaeolithic stone industry. Do not forget that it is along the Neolithic when domesticated animals (wolf-dog-mouflon sheep, uro-cow) and started farming, first as a supplement to the gathering and hunting, and then as a main base food. That is why the allazgos cited in Calvera, Valdelalmolda, Valdeladrones. etc. places more conducive to the development of primitive agriculture.

Same with the remains of the Bronze Age and Iron Age I that are located in Puyaldelobos, Valdeladrones and other sites linked to land more business. The best example of these times is in the regAlla Tozal in Candasnos, right on the huega of Peñalba. There he found an iron sword and the remains of an Iberian town now accessible and signposted. Remains under the same age in the vale of Thieves and rectangular rooms, the town of Valdeladrones, and the head of the old in Peñalba. It picks up Antonio Beltrán Martínez monegrino the distinguished historian in prehistoric and protohistoric SETTLEMENT

SENIORITY:

The Roman presence is more obvious but unfortunately most of his remains have disappeared or are covered by the National Highway II

In Roman times through our district spent Imperial Roman Road that linked Lierde (Lleida), Lepida Celsa (gels) and Cesaraugusta (Zaragoza). Several milestones have been found in this section (mile markers would be present) and it seems that the studies cited above found a stretch of road in good condition. At the end of Peñalba match the current route of the road so that the remains are minimal and there was milliario in the Roman ruins of the Sale of the Partridge in Peñalba, disappeared at the beginning of the century. The milestones were placed during a restoration in this way dating from the years 8 to 7 BC

Juan Bautista Lavanha (last Castilianized in Lebanon) when he toured the Monegros in the seventeenth century to the mapping of Aragon on behalf of the Delegation of the Kingdom, states:

... this vay to Candasnos estrada e delle before passes in high hum, onde dizem has huna granbde lavras pedras ruin as quas affirmão that estavão Ferriman cats through this site Castello Chamao lel Pedroso. Estrada De Candasnos vay to Penalva, where a velho disse that you continuava Vililla de Ebro e quelle havia've seen and I disserão assy second years of Penalva: nesta estrada 1 / 2 L (Egua) of S, Salvador, and hua Thick wedged between um pedra de Pinheiros I hum Pedaço column, which I Roman das suas contumavão by Estradas ...

The aridity of our land is evidenced by the pond that bordered the old Roman road known throughout the country as a way of Fierros, linking the old Ilerda (Lleida) with Celsa (Velilla de Ebro), with archaeological remains in Candasnos, Peñalba val Bujaraloz and Velilla.

Peñalba was of great importance in Roman imperial period, for the magazine Ilerda, Numbers 27-28, which translates a job at the University of California and that after she produced the split between direct shortcut to Zaragoza and the Roman road Republican times en route from the sale of the partridge to Lepida Celsa. The presence of numbers of water points and especially the Castle fortifications Peñalba confirm the importance of this point during the Roman Empire that would last until the Muslim era.

PEÑALBA IMPORTANCE OF ROMAN STREET

THE OLD IN MONEGROS. Antonio Beltrán Martínez

several milestones

foundation of the Roman road passing through Peñalba (slope l'azar)

Roman road width of 25 feet (5 meters)

6 Bronze

6 golf polls

14 iron

Romans 21

Islamic 4

Christian 5

Modern 9

9 contemporámeo

Middle Ages

granted to the Monastery of Sijena Peñalba

The first written record dates from 1170 and is dated Fraga. This is a "letter of foundation", in which Alfonso II provides a foundation for pedestrians in Peñalba Hospital, stating: "free and innocent of all taxes to all who were to populate this place."

Peñalba was an obligatory stop for pilgrims, warriors and merchants since ancient times, through Roman Imperial Way. And it is very probable that the origin of the population of Peñalba is joined to the creation of the Hospital and the existence of a castle or fortress above the Hospital itself.

The Hospital by Francisco Castillon Cortada, belonged to the Knights Templar. The Templars whose headquarters was in the castle of Monzón created a state within a state, and that had the best land in the diocese of Lleida and had their strengths in strategic Monzón, Chalamera, Corbins, Torres de Segre, Gardeny .. . with hospitals and shelters in unpopulated Peñalba, Calavera (Selver), exerting a strong social and economic influence throughout its area of influence. This Hospital is quoted recently in the year 1737 during a visit of the Bishop of Lerida, Don Gregarious Galindo: "Villa is a Hospital which is almost destroyed by a flood of water." (Archives of the New Cathedral of Lleida). On this same visit refers to the hermitage of Santa Quiteria, which has a hermit and a chapel to be doing with the alms of the faithful. Currently there are no archaeological remains testifying to the second chapel, or in the collective memory.

On October 27, 1235, in a document dated Lleida, Jaime I of Aragon "El Conquistador" means surrender of Peñalba and the Monastery of Sigena term. In this same year, clashes between Peñalba Fraga and their boundaries. Sign a final document that sets the boundaries and which provides that Peñalba enjoy the same privilege that Fraga. In the same document states that P. Rookery, which was granted the administration, governance and ownership of the hospital, receive a quarter of the taxes imposed on Peñalba the monarch and the furnaces and the cleared land.

The Monastery of Sigena exert a great influence in all towns and villages of the region of Monegros, enhance the repopulation of these people giving the Town Charter calls, documents typical of the Middle Ages feudal marking, which functioned as contract between the monastery and the residents, stating the benefits and obligations owed each other. As a curiosity all the mountains are called domain Omprio Sijena Monastery.

In 1237 Peñalba Guillen de Moncada restored and all its terms and belongings to the Barony Fragatina reserves the right to be housed in the castle of Peñalba. (Static).

King Alfonso IV says: "... et castrum vile / am of Fraga, in Cathalonia consistency necnon Vallobar crazy Pennalba et cetera et Barony crazy, quem quondam Montecatheno Nobilis Guillelmus of tenebat in teudum pro nobis." On February 25, 1331 Alfonso IV of Aragon gave his wife Queen Leonor Fraga's villa and its towns, one of which was Peñalba. (Sinués, no. 896). This same date as José Salarrullana of God July 5, 1331.

This will be ratified EL1 or January 1333 in that Guillen de Moncada manumisores sold to Queen Leonor Fraga to their villages, among which was Peñalba. (Sinués no. 899 and 900). So it was with Joseph Salarrullana of God: "The February 9, 1333 men will take their oath of Fraga and Pérez Luppo villages who receives on behalf of the Queen in this order:

The first day April 13 in the presence of the Bishop of L1eida, Arnoldo, the Archdeacon of Ribagorza, Guillermo Soler, William Calbet, William Bell-lloc, canon L1eida acting as witnesses, render the homage and oath

- Ramon Fraga Bayle Siscar as Mayor of Peñalba - Pedro de Vallobar, Justice - Arnaldo Ferrer and Sunday Spanyol, Fraga Juries - On Saturday, men swear Fraga and later from their villages, the latter being Peñalba men among Christians.

(José Salarrullana of God. Aljama Fraga Moors).

Modern Age

To Ubieto, Peñalba would Hamlet between 1333 and 1397, reaching the privilege of Villa in 1785 so long before the reign of Elizabeth II, in which place Castillón Cortada and popular tradition.

According to which by reason of the stay of Queen Elizabeth II in Peñalba, when he made a trip to Barcelona, it would give the title of Villa for the treatment of its inhabitants. However there is evidence that long before Villa credited as being and property of the Crown in 1610, according Labaña, a figure that also includes Ubieto itself and if we look at the documents Sigena Monastery, in the gift of James I to that Monastery, October 27, 1235 and is cited as such Peñalba Village.

In 1670 Archbishop Galeazzo came to Spain Marescatti, Archbishop of Corinth and then Cardinal, as Nuncio of Pope Clement X to King Charles 11. Entered Catalonia, Barcelona to Montserrat, Igualada, Cervera, Bellpuig, Lleida, Fraga, Peñalba Bujaraloz, Osera, Zaragoza to Madrid.

IN DEFENSE OF FUEROS ARAGONESES: THE LOSS OF AUTONOMY OF THE KINGDOM AND THE CROWN OF ARAGON.

A lesser known but important event as Henry Kamen recounts in "The War of Succession in Spain" in early eighteenth century. This war is for Aragon and its institutions a mortal blow, having opted for the contest in favor of the Archduke Charles of Austria and winning the war Felipe V, first king of the Bourbon dynasty. By the Decree of Nueva Planta abolished Jurisdictions of Aragon and its major institutions. With the Bourbons Aragon loses its ability to legislate and fiscal autonomy, with the capacity to collect and invest in their own kingdom.

In 1710 he defeated the Bourbon troops in Beacon, near the Noguera, Felipe V Villadarias replaced by the Marquis de Bay (August 15). The royalist troops commanded by him, retreated to Zaragoza, camped on its outskirts.

On 20 troops engaged in battle with allies of Stahemberg at 8 am. Bourbon army amounted to 20,000 men, all Spaniards. Aragon allies totaled 23,000 men, composed of fighters of different rocedencias, highlighting the Germans with 14,000 men.

Almenara it was repeated but this time in Peñalba, having early in the afternoon, realistic low and lose 3,000 4,000 prisoners. The battle was tougher than that of Almenara.

Subsequently, the Archduke Charles would be in Zaragoza. Although the Battle of Peñalba not change the course of the War of Succession and today is remembered, recorded the struggle of Aragon on track.

The importance of the battle 100 years later is still remembered by the traveler Alejandro Laborde, who in 1809 said: (No doubt the author confuses this location with the battle of Saragossa, which occurred in the mountains of Torrero. Notwithstanding any of the skirmishes prior to the battle could develop in our town)

"So you get to Candasnos, distant five hours of that city (Fraga), rather small and miserable, they begin to observe the costumes and customs of Aragon.

An hour later, the village of Peñalba memorable for the battle that occurred in the vicinity on August 15, 1710 between the troops of Archduke And Philip V as they suffered a considerable setback ... Sales and from it by a rise and then goes into a plain, uneducated and alone, where after 3 / 4 time is reached Bujaraloz, and later is the sale of Santa Lucia.

In Bujaraloz there were plenty of salt near which His Majesty had built a large building for employees who live in them. Salt is excellent and it is supplying many villages in Aragon and Catalonia. "

BATTLE OF ZARAGOZA

Carlist War confronted Carlos against the Regent Maria Cristina Carlist Wars in 1835 mobilized the mayor of the town of Peñalba to the raft of Los Arcos at the mouth of the Valcuerna to stop Ramon Cabrera "El Tigre del Maestrazgo"

Skirmishes in the Carlist War

war of independence in Castle Mequinenza

Peñalba in 1907 (Luis Parra) PEÑALBA MARQUESADO : The Marquis is given by Philip IV of Austria dependent on the counts of the first Marquis of Sastago PEÑALBA from which the local shield ( shield of the Marquis de Peñalba) was Miguel Fernandez de Cordoba and Alagon, (Grande of Spain) 1 . Peñalba Marquis, Earl is entitled to Sástago, lord of Macintos, la Serna, Villantrodrigo, and the House-strong Olmos (jure uxoris) cabCal, commander of Montanchuelos, Legion Field Master of the Sea Old Naples Governor's Square Po Valencia in the State of Milan, captain of the guard of the Marquis de Caracena, governor of Milan and the Marquis of Castel Rodrigo, Governor of Flanders, * Madrid 17.5.1634, + Valencia 24.1.1684 Po. Married Constanza de Bazán Herrera y Rojas, Mrs. Peñalba villas.

His son Christopher Andrés Fernández de Córdoba and Alagón and Aragon (1672–1748), Count X Sástago, II Marquis Peñalba . Married Maria Francisca de Moncayo Palafox and Cardona, daughter of Diego Fernandez de Heredia Altarriba Moncayo and Arbolea III Marquis de Fantova Coscia . It was the second Marquess of Peñalba. The penultimate marques Luis Beltrán Escriva de Romani and Sentmenat (1888–1977), sixteenth Earl of Sástago, Glimes Count IV of Brabant, V Monistrol Marquis de Noya, VIII Marquis of Aguilar de Ebro, Marquis de Peñalba IX, XVI Baron Beniparrell. Patiño and married Josefa Fernández-Durán, daughter of Luis Maria de los Angeles Patiño and Mese, eighth Earl of Castelar, VI Marquis de la Sierra, twelfth Earl of Guaro, and Maria de la Concepción Fernández-Durán and daughter Knight VI Marquis of Perales del Río . He was succeeded by his son Sástago County Ildefonso Escriva de Romani and his skate and this Escriva de Romani and Alfonso Mora. Current Peñalba Marquis.

MODERN AGE:

Collectivization of agriculture