Pre-algebra
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Pre-algebra is a common name for a course in middle school mathematics. In the United States, it is generally taught between the seventh and ninth grades, although it may be necessary to take this course as early as sixth grade in order to advance to Calculus BC by twelth grade (nearly 73,000 students took the AP Calculus BC test in 2009)[1]. The objective of pre-algebra is to prepare the student for the study of algebra.
Pre-algebra includes several broad subjects:
- Review of natural- and whole-number arithmetic
- Introduction of new types of numbers such as integers, fractions, decimals and negative numbers.
- Factorization of natural numbers.
- Properties of operations (associative, distributive and so on).
- Simple (integer) roots and powers.
- Rules of evaluation of expressions, such as operator precedence and use of parentheses.
- Basics of equations, including rules for invariant manipulation of equations.
- Variables and exponentiation.
Pre-algebra often includes some basic subjects from geometry, mostly the kinds that further understanding of algebra and show how it is used, such as area, volume, and perimeter.
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