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Scilla luciliae

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Scilla luciliae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Scilla
Section: Scilla sect. Chionodoxa
Species:
S. luciliae
Binomial name
Scilla luciliae
(Boiss.) Speta[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss.
  • Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall
  • Chionodoxa grandiflora Wore ex Wilks & Weather

Scilla luciliae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae.[2] It is referred to by the common names Bossier's glory-of-the-snow[3] or Lucile's glory-of-the-snow, and is a bulbous perennial from western Turkey that flowers in early spring. After flowering, it goes into dormancy until the next spring. The specific epithet is in honour of Lucile, the wife of the Swiss botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier (1810-1885).[4] It belongs to a group of Scilla species that were formerly put in a separate genus, Chionodoxa, and may now be treated as Scilla sect. Chionodoxa.[5]

Description

It is a low-maintenance naturalizer that can grow in zones 3 to 8. It's blossom has a white center with lilac blues petals.[6] Like all members of the former genus Chionodoxa, the bases of the stamens are flattened and closely clustered in the middle of the flower.

In other species of Scilla, the stamens are not flattened or clustered together.[7]

Each bulb produces two leaves, up to 8 cm long and 2 cm wide, and at most one flowering stem, up to 10 cm long. The flowers are produced in a loose pyramidal raceme, with 2–3 flowers per stem, which face upwards. Each flower is up to 3.5 cm across. The base of each tepal is white (as are the stamen filaments), producing a white 'eye'. The outer part of the tepals is violet-blue. The species can be distinguished from the commonest species grown in gardens, S. forbesii, by the much smaller number of slightly larger flowers per stem.[8]

It is a spring ephemeral as it disappears after blooming until the following spring, according to the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG).[6]

Binomial name change

Swiss botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier (1810-1885) first identified Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. in 1844 in the Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum.[9] He named the flower that blooms in the snow, chionodoxa which is from the Greek chion meaning snow and doxa for glory.[6] Its common name in English—Lucile's glory-of-the-snow—is named after his wife. It is also called Bossier's glory-of-the-snow.[3]

Chionodoxa luciliae in 1900 catalogue.

By 1900, chionodoxa luciliae was advertised in the Baltimore, Maryland-based Griffith and Turner seed catalogue, along with snowdrops and Scilla Siberica as early spring bulbs.

Chionodoxa luciliae now Scilla sect. Chionodoxa

Previously scilla luciliae and chionodoxa luciliae were designated as two separate genera.[6] Following a molecular and morphological analyses to establish its taxonomy, the species Chionodoxa and its cultivars were transferred to the genus Scilla.[10] There was not enough difference between the two to merit a separate genus.[6][11] It is now designated as a section of Scilla—Scilla sect. Chionodoxa.[5][6] In 2009, Bohumil Trávníček and others proposed the division of the genus Scilla s.str. into two sections—one that comprised "all species of the S. bifolia group in the broader sense"—and the second one sect. Chionodoxa (Boiss.) containing taxa formerly in the genus Chionodoxa Boiss.[12] In 2010, as part of a doctoral dissertation research, the taxonomy, ecology and reproduction of the genus Chionodoxa (Boiss.) were investigated.[13]

The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP), which is maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has accepted scilla luciliae (Boissier) Speta as a species name based on the 1971 journal article by Austrian botanist Franz Speta (1941–2015) in the Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift.[14][15]

In the 1980s there was a botanical review of the family Liliaceae.[16] As a result, Liliaceae was split into smaller families, such as Hyacinthaceae.[16]

Chionodoxa and Scilla are closely related genera of Liliaceae.[17][5] By 2005, according to Dashwood and Matthew, there was some confusion about nomenclatural within the then genus Chionodoxa. They cited examples of C. siehei that was merged with C. forbesii after being known for many years as C. luciliae incorrectly. They said that cultivated plants are usually variants of C. siehei, not the true species C. forbesii.[16]

The Missouri Botanical Garden's comprehensive searchable botany data website, TROPICOS, lists 'chionodoxa luciliae' (Boissier) as a synonym sensu for scilla luciliae (Boissier) Speta.[15]

Distribution

Scilla luciliae is native to western Turkey.[1] It has a restricted distribution in the Mahmut Mountain in İzmir Province.[5] Almost all species that are very frost-hardy belong to the Hyacinthaceae family and originate in the region of the Mediterranean from Turkey to Asia.[16]

Scilla luciliae has naturalized in North America where the name used in concept references was chionodoxa luciliae and the common names were listed as Lucile's Squill and Scille gloire-des-neiges in French, according to the not-for-profit NatureServe Explorer, North America's "largest online encyclopedia of biodiversity".[18][19][20][21]

Cultivation

A number of frost-hardy plants in the genera Scilla, Chionodoxa, Hyacinthoides, Muscari, Puschkinia, Brimeura, Hyacinthella, Bellevalia, Hyacinthus and Ornithogalum were listed as deserving of the Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society.[16] To receive this award, plants must provide decorative excellence; be easily acquired; be hardy, and not require a specialist; they must be pest- and disease-resistant, and not likely to be subject to reversion.[16] In 1993 Chionodoxa luciliae was listed as having its Award of Garden Merit reconfirmed.[16] Plants in the trial were acquired from the United Kingdom, Denmark and the Netherlands.[16] Scilla luciliae had its Award of Garden Merit confirmed again in 2017.[22]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c "Scilla luciliae", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-03-17
  2. ^ Plants of the World Online n.d.
  3. ^ a b BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ Salmonson n.d.
  5. ^ a b c d Yildirim et al. 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Missouri Botanical Garden n.d.
  7. ^ Mathew 1987, p. 25.
  8. ^ Dashwood & Mathew 2005, p. 7.
  9. ^ Boissier 1844.
  10. ^ David 2018, pp. 26–27.
  11. ^ Hsu 2019.
  12. ^ Trávníček et al. 2009.
  13. ^ Yildirim 2010.
  14. ^ Speta 1971.
  15. ^ a b WCSP n.d.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Dashwood & Mathew 2005.
  17. ^ Matthew 1987.
  18. ^ Kartesz 1994.
  19. ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002.
  20. ^ NatureServe 2022.
  21. ^ ONHIC 2018.
  22. ^ Royal Horticultural Society 2017.

Bibliography

  • Boissier, Pierre Edmond (1844), "Chionodoxa luciliae", Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum, no. 5, Leipzig
  • Dashwood, Melanie & Mathew, Brian (2005), Hyacinthaceae – little blue bulbs (RHS Plant Trials and Awards, Bulletin Number 11), Royal Horticultural Society, archived from the original on 28 August 2015, retrieved 28 August 2015
  • David, J. (2018). "Why are we losing Chionodoxa?". Plantsman. 17 (1): 26–27. ISSN 1352-4186. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 26. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 723.
  • Kartesz, J.T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (2 ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
  • Hsu, Eric (30 March 2019). "The little blue bulbs: part II". Plinth et al. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  • Mathew, Brian (1987). The Smaller Bulbs. London: B T Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8.
  • Mathew, Brian (2005). "Hardy Hyacinthaceae, Part 2: Scilla, Chionodoxa, xChionoscilla". The Plantsman. New Series. 4 (2): 110–21.
  • Missouri Botanical Garden (n.d.). "Chionodoxa luciliae". Plant Finder. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  • NatureServe (29 April 2022). "Chionodoxa luciliae". Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  • ONHIC (2018), Chionodoxa luciliae, Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre (ONHIC), Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada
  • Plants of the World Online (n.d.). "Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  • Royal Horticultural Society (n.d.), Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta, RHS Plantfinder, retrieved 2018-07-10
  • Royal Horticultural Society (July 2017), AGM Plants - Ornamental (PDF), p. 16, retrieved 24 January 2018
  • Salmonson, Jessica Amanda (n.d.). "Paghat's garden by Paghat the Ratgirl". Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  • Speta, Franz (1971). "Beitrag zur systematik von Scilla L. subgen. Scilla (inklusive Chionodoxa Boiss.)". Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. 119 (1–3): 6–18. doi:10.1007/BF01373105. ISSN 0029-8948. S2CID 26152307.
  • Trávníček, Bohumil; Duchoslav, Martin; Šarhanová, Petra; Šafářová, Lenka (24 December 2009). "Squills (Scilla s.lat., Hyacinthaceae) in the flora of the Czech Republic, with taxonomical notes on Central-European squill populations". Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae. 94. Brno, Czech Republic): 157–205.
  • WCSP. "Scilla luciliae". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
  • Yildirim, H. (2010). The Taxonomy, Ecology and Reproduction of Genus Chionodoxa Boiss (Liliaceae) (Ph.D. dissertation). Kew: Ege University. p. 223.
  • Yildirim, H.; Yetisen, K.; Özdemir, A. & Özdemir, C. (2017). "An Anatomical Study of Scilla (Scilloideae) Section Chionodoxa and Scilla bifolia in Turkey" (PDF). Planta Daninha. 35: e017162495. doi:10.1590/s0100-83582017350100004. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
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