South Korean hwan

South Korean hwan
Hangul	환
Hanja	圜
Revised Romanization	hwan
McCune–Reischauer	hwan

South Korean hwan
	The reverse side of a one hwan note
Plural	The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	jeon (전/錢); (Theoretical only, never used)
Banknotes	1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 hwan
Coins	10, 50, 100 hwan
Demographics
User(s)	South Korea
Issuance
Central bank	Bank of Korea
Website	www.bok.or.kr
Printer	Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation
Website	english.komsco.com
Mint	Philadelphia Mint
	This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

The hwan (Korean: 환) was the currency of South Korea between February 15, 1953, and June 9, 1962. It succeeded the first South Korean won and preceded the second South Korean won.

History

Due to the devaluation of the first South Korean won (from 15 won to the U.S. dollar in 1945 to 6000 won to the dollar in 1953), the hwan was introduced in 1953 at the rate of 1 hwan = 100 won. The hwan was nominally subdivided into 100 jeon but the lowest denomination issued was 1 hwan. The hwan also suffered from inflation and a series of devaluations occurred.

Pegs for the South Korean hwan
Date introduced	Value of U.S. dollar in hwan
February 15, 1953	60
15 December 1953	180
August 15, 1955	500
February 23, 1960	650
January 1, 1961	1000
February 2, 1961	1250

In 1962, the second South Korean won was reintroduced at a rate of 1 won = 10 hwan, after which inflation finally slowed down.

Coins

In 1959, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 50 and 100 hwan. They were minted by the Philadelphia Mint.

Hwan Coins [1] (in Korean)
Image		Value	Technical parameters			Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue	withdrawal
		10 hwan	19.1 mm	2.46 g	Copper 95% Zinc 5%	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (Hangul)	Value (digit), "Republic of Korea", year of minting	1959 (Korean calendar 4292)	October 20, 1959	March 22, 1975
		50 hwan	22.86 mm	3.69 g	Copper 70% Zinc 18% Nickel 12%	Geobukseon, value, bank title (Hangul)	Value (digit), "Republic of Korea", year of minting	1959 (Korean calendar 4292)	October 20, 1959	March 22, 1975
		100 hwan	26.0 mm	6.74 g	Cupronickel Copper 75% Nickel 25%	Syngman Rhee, value, bank title (Hangul)	Value (digit), "Republic of Korea", year of minting	1959 (Korean calendar 4292)	October 30, 1959	June 10, 1962
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

The 10 and 50 hwan coins continued to circulate until March 22, 1975, accepted as if it were 1 and 5 won coins, respectively. The 100 hwan coins were withdrawn on June 10, 1962.

Banknotes

In 1953, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 100 and 1000 hwan. Some of these notes were printed in the U.S. and gave the denomination in English and Hangul as won. 500 hwan notes were introduced in 1956, followed by 1000 hwan in 1957 and 50 hwan in 1958.

American printed notes

The first hwan notes were printed by the United States Government Printing Office. All Hanja and Hangul inscription on both the obverse and reverse sides of these notes are written right to left (traditional direction), instead of the modern (Westernized) left to right.

They have a few obvious defects. The term "hwan" is written in Hanja (圜) while "won" is written in Hangul (원) and English. Those problems were attributed to an urgent need for new banknotes and the change in currency name, as well as the decision to commission the new notes to be manufactured in the United States.^[1] Unaware banknote catalog editors may erroneously categorize these notes as part of the old won system, such as the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money by Albert Pick.

American printed hwan notes [2] (in Korean)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Obverse	Reverse	issue	withdrawal
		1 hwan	111 × 54 mm	Pink	Bank name (Hanja), value (Hangul and Hanja)	Bank of Korea's symbol	February 17, 1953	June 10, 1962
		5 hwan	111 × 54 mm	Red	Bank name (Hanja), value (Hangul and Hanja)	Bank of Korea's symbol
		10 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Purple	Bank name (Hanja), value (Hangul and Hanja), Geobukseon	Bank of Korea's symbol
		100 hwan		Green
		1000 hwan		Brown
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Korean printed notes

Korean printed hwan notes [3] (in Korean)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Obverse	Reverse	issue	withdrawal
		10 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Namdaemun	Haegeumgang near Geoje	March 17, 1953	June 10, 1962
		10 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Namdaemun	Haegeumgang near Geoje	December 15, 1953
		50 hwan	149 × 66 mm	Independence Gate	Yi Sun-sin's bronze statue, Geobukseon	August 15, 1958
		100 hwan	156 × 66 mm	Lee Sung-man	Independence Gate	December 18, 1953
					Independence Gate	February 1, 1954
					Value	March 26, 1957
				Mother and her child holding a savings account booklet	Independence Gate	May 16, 1962
		500 hwan	156 × 73 mm	Lee Sung-man	Value	March 26, 1956
				Lee Sung-man	Value	August 15, 1958
				Sejong the Great	Main building of the Bank of Korea	April 19, 1961
		1000 hwan	166 × 73 mm	Lee Sung-man	Bank of Korea's symbol	March 26, 1957
		1000 hwan	165 × 73 mm	Sejong the Great	Torch	August 15, 1960
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

References

^ Bank of Korea. 우리나라의 화폐, 1953년~1962년 (in Korean). Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2006. 긴급통화조치로 화폐단위가 圓에서 圜으로 바뀌었음에도 이 당시 은행권은 圜을 '원'으로 표기하고 있는데 이는 동 은행권이 긴급통화조치의 결정 이전에 다른 용도로 미국연방인쇄국에서 제조된 것이기 때문." → Translation: "With the Emergency Currency Measures, and also the exchange of currency from the won to the hwan, at the time "won" was inscribed for "hwan" on the new banknotes; and that's because, as a result of a previous Emergency Currency Measure's decision, these new notes to be issued were to be manufactured by the US Government Printing Office.

Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.

External links

Preceded by: South Korean won (1945) Reason: inflation Ratio: 1 hwan = 100 won	Currency of South Korea 1953 – 1962	Succeeded by: South Korean won Reason: inflation Ratio: 1 won = 10 hwan

[1] Bank of Korea. 우리나라의 화폐, 1953년~1962년 (in Korean). Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2006. 긴급통화조치로 화폐단위가 圓에서 圜으로 바뀌었음에도 이 당시 은행권은 圜을 '원'으로 표기하고 있는데 이는 동 은행권이 긴급통화조치의 결정 이전에 다른 용도로 미국연방인쇄국에서 제조된 것이기 때문." → Translation: "With the Emergency Currency Measures, and also the exchange of currency from the won to the hwan, at the time "won" was inscribed for "hwan" on the new banknotes; and that's because, as a result of a previous Emergency Currency Measure's decision, these new notes to be issued were to be manufactured by the US Government Printing Office.

[1]

v t e Economy of South Korea
History	Five-Year Plans of South Korea Heavy-Chemical Industry Drive Miracle on the Han River Four Asian Tigers 1997 Asian financial crisis South Korea–Japan trade dispute
Currency	Won (1945–1953) Hwan (1953–1962) Won (1962–) Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation Bank of Korea
Industry	Agriculture Rice production Automotive Film Defense Financial services Fishing Markets Retailing Science and technology Semiconductor Tourism
Labor	Inequality Labor movement Poverty Trade unions Unemployment Youth unemployment Work-life balance
Energy	Energy Nuclear power Trans-Korea Pipeline South–North Pipeline Korea
Finance	Korea Exchange KOSPI KOSDAQ Banks Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation Korea Financial Investment Association Kimchi bond
Free Trade Agreements	ASEAN EFTA India Indonesia Peru European Union United States Australia Canada China Other FTAs Exports Trade policy
Government agencies	Ministry of Economy and Finance Ministry of Employment and Labor Ministry of SMEs and Startups Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy Fair Trade Commission Financial Services Commission Financial Supervisory Service
Organizations	Federation of Korean Industries Korea International Trade Association
Related topics	Billionaires Chaebol Companies Largest companies International rankings Regions by GDP Seoul
See also: Economy of North Korea