Swedish War of Liberation
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The Swedish War of Liberation (1521–23), Swedish: Befrielsekriget, was a civil war in which the Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa successfully deposed the Danish king Christian II as regent of the Kalmar Union in Sweden. The war started in January 1521 when Gustav Vasa was appointed "hövitsman" over Dalarna. After Gustav Vasa sacked the mine of Kopparberget and the city of Västerås, more men joined his army. In 1522, the Hanseatic city of Lübeck allied themselves with the Swedish side. After the capture of Stockholm in June 1523, Sweden was effectively liberated and, on June 6, Gustav Vasa was elected to King of Sweden in the city of Strängnäs. By September, Swedish Finland was also liberated. By the Treaty of Malmö signed on September 1, 1524 Sweden seceded from the Kalmar Union.
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[edit] Dalarna
In 1520, Gustav Vasa traveled to the Swedish province of Dalarna, disguised as a farmer to avoid detection by Danish scouts. In December, Gustav Vasa arrived in the city of Mora, where he asked the peasantry for their help in his revolt against the Danish leader, Christian II. The peasants refused his request, so Gustav Vasa decided to travel north to find men for his revolt. Shortly thereafter, a couple of refugees arrived in Mora, where they told the peasantry about the brutality of Christian II and his men. The people of Mora then decided to find Gustav Vasa and join his revolt, they sent two skilled skiers to find him. In Sälen, they finally caught up with him.
Back in Mora, on New Year's Eve, 1521, Gustav Vasa was appointed to "hövitsman" by envoys from all the parishes of North Dalarna.
In February, Gustav Vasa marched out from Mora with a couple of 100 men and sacked Kopparberget, shortly thereafter, the peasantry of Bergslagen joined the revolt. Gustav Vasa's army had now grown to over 1,000 men.
[edit] Battle of Brunbäcks färja
When news about the Swedish revolt reached Christian II, he sent a force of Landknechten to crush the rebellion. In April 1521, the Danish forces confronted Gustav Vasa's men at Brunnbäck Ferry, and the Danes were crushed. This victory greatly improved Swedish morale.
In Dalecarlia, an emergency mint was established in order to produce the copper coins necessary to finance the war.
[edit] Västerås
The Swedish army continued south to Västerås, which they conquered and sacked. When words of Gustav Vasa's success spread across Sweden, the supporters of the Sture family decided to join the revolt.
By the end of April 1521, Gustav Vasa controlled Dalarna, Gästrikland, Närke, and Västmanland.
[edit] Battles
- Battle of Falun (February 1521)
- Battle of Brunnbäck Ferry (April 1521)
- Battle of Västerås (April 29, 1521)
- Conquest of Uppsala (May 18, 1521)
- Conquest of Kalmar (May 27, 1523)
- Conquest of Stockholm (June 16–17, 1523)
[edit] References
- "Sweden". Myths of the Nations. Deutsches Historisches Museum. http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/mythen/english/schweden.html. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- Sundberg, Ulf (1998). "Befrielsekriget 1521–1523" (in Swedish). Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. http://www.smb.nu/index.php/svenskakrig/krig-1521-1611/befrielsekriget-1521-1523/91-krig-1521-1611/188-befrielsekriget-1521-1523. Retrieved 2008-08-02.[dead link]
- Ganse, Alexander. "Swedish War of Liberation, 1521–1523". World History at KMLA. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/16cen/sweddan15211523.html. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- Henriksson, Alf. "Svensk Historia". pp. 205–213. http://www.adlibris.com/se/product.aspx?isbn=9100105511. Retrieved 2009-12-25.
