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Tan Liok Tiauw

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Tan Liok Tiauw Sia
Born1872
Tangerang, Dutch East Indies
Died1947 (aged 74–75)
Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Occupation(s)Landheer, plantation owner, industrialist
Years active1890s-1940s
ChildrenCorry Tan Pouw Nio (daughter)
August Tan Tsjiang Kie (son)
Jan Tan Tsjiang Bie (son)
Parents
FamilyLoa Sek Hie (son-in-law)
Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (brother-in-law)
Tan Eng Goan, Majoor der Chinezen (great-grandfather)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Tan.

Tan Liok Tiauw Sia (1872 - 1947) was a prominent Chinese-Indonesian landowner, planter and industrial pioneer in the late colonial period, best known today as the last Landheer (or landlord) of Batoe-Tjepper, now the district of Batuceper.[1][2][3][4]

History

Family background

Born in Tangerang, Dutch East Indies in 1872, Tan hailed from a family of landlords and Chinese officers, part of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of colonial Indonesia.[4] The Chinese officership was a high-ranking government position in the civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen.[5]

His father, Tan Tiang Po, served as Luitenant der Chinezen in Tangerang from 1877 until 1885, while his grandfather, Luitenant Tan Kang Soey, sat on the Chinese Council (Dutch: 'Chinese Raad'; Hokkien: 'Kong Koan') of Batavia or modern-day Jakarta, capital of Indonesia.[6][7][4] Tan's paternal great-grandfather was the tycoon Tan Leng (died in 1852), who was part of the powerful Ngo Ho Tjiang opium partnership.[8][9] Through his mother, Lim Hong Nio, Tan was a grandson of Lim Soe Keng Sia and Tan Bit Nio, as well as a great-grandson of Tan Eng Goan, the first Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia (1802-1872).[4] As a descendant of Chinese officers, Tan Liok Tiauw held the hereditary title of Sia from birth.[10]

Tan's sister, Tan Him Nio, was married to Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1908).[4] His daughter, Corry Tan Pouw Nio (1900-1961), was married in November 1917 to the prominent, half-Austrian, colonial politician Loa Sek Hie (1898-1965).[11][12][4] He also had two sons born to two different concubines: August Tan Tsjiang Kie and Jan Tan Tsjiang Bie.[4]

Life

Tan Liok Tiauw's rooftile factory from across the Mookervaart canal, G.F.J. Bley (1925-30)
Gateway to Tandjong West in the 18th century

Tan grew up between his family's townhouse in downtown Batavia and their principal private domain, the particuliere landerij of Batoe-Tjepper, an agricultural estate in Tangerang.[12][1] He was given a traditional Chinese education, but also had a private Dutch tutor.[12]

Tan's father, Luitenant Tan Tiang Po, retired from his role as Landheer in the late 1880s, and handed over the management of Batoe-Tjepper to his son.[4][1] Aged only 16, Tan Liok Tiauw not only improved the running of Batoe-Tjepper, but further developed an existing factory on the estate that manufactured building materials, roof-tiles and other terracotta products.[4][1] Many important colonial buildings in Java, in particular in Batavia, were built using materials from the factory.[13][14][15] In July 1923, Tan hosted Dirk Fock, the 30th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at Batoe-Tjepper as part of the latter's official visit to Tangerang.[16]

Tan inherited other agricultural landholdings from his father on the latter's death in 1912.[17][18] Many of these estates were consolidated in the landholding firm N.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tan Tiang Po, which was incorporated in 1899.[19] The company controlled the private domains of Rawa Buaya, Tanah Kodja, Pondok Kosambi, Minggoe Djawa and Kapoek, stretching from the western part of modern-day Jakarta to Tangerang.[2] A wide range of agricultural crops were cultivated on these landholdings: ranging from rice, coconut, other fruits and vegetables, and on to grass for animal feed.[2]

Tan acquired a number of other business ventures. Together with the philanthropist O. G. Khouw (his brother-in-law's cousin) and D. N. van Stralendorff, he took over the tea and rubber estates of Tendjo Ayoe and Perbakti in the Preanger highlands in 1907.[20][21][22] These plantations were among the largest privately-owned estates in Sukabumi, and had been established in the 1870s by the tea pioneer B. B. J. Crone, an uncle of the Indo-Dutch writer E. du Perron.[23][24][25][26]

As Director, Tan Liok Tiauw also headed N. V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tandjong West, a syndicate of landlords which purchased the old, eighteenth-century ‘particuliere land’ or estate of Tandjong West in 1917, today part of Jagakarsa in South Jakarta.[27][28] Beyond Java, Tan acquired Hacienda del Coco in Lampung on the southern tip of Sumatra, a formerly struggling British-owned plantation, founded by The Lampong Coconut Estates, Ltd.[29][30] These Sumatran estates grew coconut and pepper, and — like many of Tan's other landholdings — were run by professional European estate managers.[29]

Tan died in 1947 in Batavia, was buried at his family's private burial grounds at Kebon Besar in Batoe-Tjepper, Tangerang.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Batoe Tjeper Cultuur". www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Landsdrukkerij. 1933.
  3. ^ Setyautama, Sam (2008). Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 9789799101259.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Haryono, Steve (2017). Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20. Steve Haryono. ISBN 9789090302492. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  5. ^ Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society. Djambatan. ISBN 9789794282571. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  6. ^ Almanak van Nederlandsch-Indië voor het jaar 1861 (in Dutch). Batavia: Lands Drukkery. 1861.
  7. ^ Indies, Dutch East (1881). Regeerings-almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie (in Dutch). Batavia. Retrieved 19 September 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Pax Benedanto; Marcus A. S. (2012). Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa 5 (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 9789799023759. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  9. ^ Chen, Menghong (2011). De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843-1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789087281335. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  10. ^ Blussâe, Lâeonard; Chen, Menghong (2003). The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9004131574.
  11. ^ "Familiebericht". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. No. 269. NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 14 November 1917.
  12. ^ a b c Suryadinata, Leo (2015). Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches (4th ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814620505.
  13. ^ "Sistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya". cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Ministry of Education and Culture).
  14. ^ Mulyani, Ade (2011). Jakarta: panduan wisata tanpa mal (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 9789792258202.
  15. ^ Kompas Cyber Media. "Mengenal Perbankan Masa Lalu - Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com. Kompas.
  16. ^ "De Gouverneur-generaal naar Tangerang". De Sumatra Post. J. Hallermann. 20 July 1923.
  17. ^ "Practisch". Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië. No. Jaargang 17. Nummer 196. NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen. 23 August 1912. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  18. ^ De Indische gids (in Dutch). Batavia. 1912. Retrieved 19 September 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ "Tan Tiang Po Landbouw". www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  20. ^ "Koloniale Collectie (KIT) — Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden". archive.is. Universiteit Leiden. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  21. ^ Regeerings almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Batavia. 1913.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ^ Lucas, Anton; Warren, Carol (2013). Land for the People: The State and Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia. Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780896802872.
  23. ^ Ukers, William Harrison (1935). All about Tea. New York: Tea and coffee trade journal Company.
  24. ^ "B. B. J. Crone". Soerabaijasch handelsblad. Kolff & Co. Kolff & Co. 12 July 1938.
  25. ^ Hendarti, Latipah (2007). Menepis Kabut Halimun: Rangkaian Bunga Rampai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam di Halimun (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 9786024331313. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  26. ^ "Kees Snoek, E. du Perron. Het leven van een smalle mens". Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (in Dutch). Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  27. ^ "Tandjong West Landbouw". Colonial Business Indonesia. Leiden University. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  28. ^ Dutch East Indies Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel (1918). Korte berichten voor landbouw, nijverheid en handel (in Dutch). Batavia.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  29. ^ a b "The Straits Times". LAMPONG COCONUT ESTATES. March 20, 1913. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  30. ^ Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur (1918). Lijst van Ondernemingen. Dutch East Indies: Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur. p. 26.
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