Thomistic sacramental theology

Thomistic sacramental theology is St. Thomas Aquinas' theology of the sacraments of the Catholic Church. It can be found through his writings in the Summa contra Gentiles and in the Summa Theologiæ.

General view of the sacraments

See also: Sacraments of the Catholic Church

In the Catholic Church, there are seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme unction (Anointing of the Sick), Holy Orders, Matrimony.

From Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 4:

since the spiritual remedies of salvation (as was said) have been given to men under sensible signs, it was suitable also to distinguish the remedies provided for the spiritual life after the likeness of bodily life. Now, in bodily life we find a twofold order: for some propagate and order the bodily life in others; and some are propagated and ordered in the bodily life. [...] [I]n the spiritual life, also, the first thing is spiritual generation: by baptism; the second is spiritual growth leading to perfect strength: by the sacrament of confirmation; the third is spiritual nourishment: by the sacrament of the Eucharist. A fourth remains, which is the spiritual healing; it takes place either in the soul alone through the sacrament of penance; or from the soul flows to the body when this is timely, through extreme unction. These, therefore, bear on those who are propagated and preserved in the spiritual life.
[...] Matrimony, then, in that it consists in the union of a husband and wife purposing to generate and educate offspring for the worship of God, is a sacrament of the Church; hence, also, a certain blessing on those marrying is given by the ministers of the Church.

Aquina also states, in the Summa Theologica: "a sacrament is nothing else than a sanctification conferred on man with some outward sign. Wherefore, since by receiving orders a consecration is conferred on man by visible signs, it is clear that Order is a sacrament."

Baptism

See also: Baptism (Catholic Church)

Confirmation

See also: Confirmation in the Catholic Church

Eucharist

See also: Eucharist in the Catholic Church

Penance

See also: Penance

Extreme unction (Anointing of the Sick)

Main article: Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church

Holy Orders

Main article: Holy orders in the Catholic Church

Matrimony

See also: Marriage in the Catholic Church

See also

• Sacramental matter and form
• Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)
• Thought of Thomas Aquinas
• Scholasticism
• Ex opere operato

Further reading

• Liam G. Walsh OP (1988), The Sacraments of Christian Initiation. Baptism, Confiramtion, Eucharist. London: Geoffrey Chapman, ISBN 0 225 66499 2, pp. 317.