Treaty of Saigon (1862)
The First Treaty of Saigon
The Treaty of Saigon was signed on June 5, 1862 between the French and the last precolonial emperor of Annam Tu Duc and representatives of the French Empire. Based on the terms of the accord, Annam ceded Saigon, the island of Poulo Condor and three southern provinces of what was to become known as Cochinchina (Bien Hoa, Gia Dinh, and Dinh Tuong) to the French. The treaty was confirmed by the Treaty of Hué signed on April 14, 1863.
The Second Treaty of Saigon
The Second Treaty of Saigon which was signed on March 15, was negotiated by Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre in 1874 and reiterated the stipulations of the previous agreement. Annam recognized the full sovereignty of France over the three provinces captured by admiral La Grandière in 1867. The Red River (Song Hong) was opened for trade as well as the ports of Hanoi, Haiphong and Qui Nonh. Although France returned Hanoi, the Vietnamese emperor was anxious to get help from China. As a result, both France and China claimed the sovereignty over the territories which will be. In March 1882, the first civilian governor of Cochin China Le Myre de Vilers deemed the treaty of 1874 as unfulfilled which led to the occupation of Hanoi on April 27, 1882.
References
- Saigon, Treaty of, Encyclopædia Britannica 2006, Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 30 Mar. 2006
- Stearns, Peter N. (ed.). Encyclopedia of World History (6th ed.). The Houghton Mifflin Company/Bartleby.com.
The Second Treaty of Saigon
- The Encyclopedia of the Nations - Country Data - Vietnam
- C'est arrivé un jour - 5 Juin