Tremarctini

Tremarctini; Temporal range: Miocene-present
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Caniformia
Superfamily:	Arctoidea
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	Tremarctinae
Tribe:	Tremarctini
Genera
	† Arctodus; † Arctotherium; † Plionarctos ; Tremarctos;

The Tremarctini, the short-faced bears, are a tribe belonging to the family Ursidae (bears) endemic to North America and Europe during the Miocene to Holocene, living from about 13.6 Mya to the present.

Tremarctini was named by Frick (1926). Its type is Plionarctos edensis. It was assigned to Ursidae by Frick (1926) and Carroll (1988); and to Tremarctinae by Hunt (1998).^[1]^[2] This tribe includes four genera: Arctodus, Arctotherium, Plionarctos, and Tremarctos, with the latter containing both extinct and extant species (e.g., Florida cave bear and spectacled bear).

Fossil distribution

Sites and specimen ages:

San Josecito Cave, Mexico (Tremarctos floridanus) 100,000—11,000 years ago
Bear Tooth Slide, Brown County, Nebraska (Plionarctos) 13.6—4.9 Mya
Taunton site, Adams County, Washington (Plionarctos harroldorum) 4.9—1.8 Mya
Pipe Creek Sinkhole, Grant County, Indiana (Plionarctos edensis) 10.3—1.8 Mya

References

^ J. Chorn and R. S. Hoffman. 1978. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species 110:1-6
^ Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.

[1] J. Chorn and R. S. Hoffman. 1978. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species 110:1-6

[2] Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.

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