Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1863

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The following engagements took place in the year 1863 during the American Civil War. In the Eastern theater, the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General Joseph Hooker, attacked the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia commanded by General Robert E. Lee in the Battle of Chancellorsville. After stalling Hooker's advance, Lee sent a flanking column lead by Thomas J. Jackson around Hooker's left, which attacked a few hours before sunset on May 2nd; this attack and further Confederate attacks the following day forced Hooker to retreat on May 6th. Lee reorganized his army following the campaign and launched an invasion of Union territory in June; Hooker was relieved of command on June 29th, due to continuous disputes with the government over the garrison of Harpers Ferry, and replaced by Major General George Meade. During the Battle of Gettysburg from July 1st to July 3rd, Meade successfully held off Lee's attacks while inflicting heavy casualties in return. Lee was forced to retreat back to Virginia; Meade followed in close pursuit but was unable to find an opportunity to completely crush the Confederate army. In October, Lee attempted to isolate and destroy Meade during the Bristoe Campaign but failed in an attack on Union positions at the Battle of Bristoe Station on October 14. Pressed by Union authorities, Meade also tried to attack Lee's positions along the Mine Run but also failed.[1]

Siege of Vicksburg, by Kurz and Allison.

In the Western Theater, simultaneous Union offenses from northern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana resulted in the sieges of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, both along the Mississippi River. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4th and Port Hudson on July 9th; this resulted in the complete Union control of the Mississippi River and made Ulysses S. Grant a hero in the North. In central Tennessee, the Union Army of the Cumberland commanded by Major General William S. Rosecrans maneuvered the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by General Braxton Bragg, towards Chattanooga, Tennessee during the Tullahoma Campaign from late June to early July. In early September, Rosecrans launched another offensive which resulted in the capture of Chattanooga, an important Confederate rail center; however, a few weeks later Bragg, with reinforcements from the Army of Northern Virginia, attacked Rosecrans near the Chickamauga Creek and routed much of the Union army, forcing it to retreat back to Chattanooga. Stubborn resistance from the troops of George H. Thomas prevented the Confederates from launching an immediate pursuit. Bragg settled his army into a siege of Chattanooga, almost cutting off all supplies to the Union army. Grant, promoted to command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, took command of the Union forces near the city, which was reinforced by the Army of the Tennessee and a detachment from the Army of the Potomac. During the three days from November 23rd to the 26th, Grant launched a series of attacks on the Confederate positions and was able to drive off Bragg's army.[2]

In the Trans-Mississippi Theater, only small battles and skirmishes took place. On January 1st, Confederate forces lead by Major General John Magruder recaptured the port city of Galveston, the only port city which the Confederates were able to recapture during the war. In order to cut off the Trans-Mississippi supply lines to Port Hudson, Major General Nathaniel Banks moved up the Bayou Teche in Louisiana during April. For the remainder of the summer, Confederate commander Major General Richard Taylor attempted to cut off Banks' supply lines to New Orleans but failed. In September, Union forces tried to invade eastern Texas to counteract the French invasion of Mexico but were defeated at Sabine Pass, losing two gunboats and 350 men while the Confederates suffered no casualties.[3]

Contents

[edit] Troop engagements in 1863

[edit] January

1st
Galveston II, Texas
  • Forces: Confederate District of Texas, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 50, Union 600[4]
C.S. Bayou City captures the USS Harriet Lane during the Battle of Galveston
8th
Springfield II, Missouri
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry from District of Arkansas, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 240, Union 163[5]
9th to 10th
Arkansas Post, Arkansas
9th to 11th
Hartville, Missouri
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 329, Union 78[7]
27th to March 3rd
Battle of Fort McAllister (1863), Georgia
29th
Bear River, Idaho

[edit] February

3rd
Dover, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry from Army of Tennessee, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 855, Union 110[10]

[edit] March

4th to 5th
Thompson's Station, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union infantry
  • Losses: Confederate 357, Union 1,600[11]
13th to 15th
Fort Anderson, North Carolina
17th
Kelly's Ford, Virginia
20th
Vaught's Hill, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate and Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 150, Union 38[14]
25th
Brentwood, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry division, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 3, Union 529[15]
30th to April 20
Washington, North Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate Department of North Carolina, Union garrison
  • Losses: 100 total[16]

[edit] April

7th
Charleston Harbor I, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate garrison of Fort Sumter, Union South Atlantic Blockading Squadron
  • Losses: Confederate 14, Union 22[17]
10th
Franklin I, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate and Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 137, Union 100[18]
12th to 13th
Fort Bisland, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union XIX Corps
  • Losses: Confederate 450, Union 224[19]
13th to 15th
Suffolk I, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Department of Virginia
  • Losses: unknown[20]
14th
Irish Bend, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union division from XIX Corps
  • Losses: Confederate unknown, Union 353[21]
17th
Vermillion Bayou, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union XIX Corps
  • Losses: unknown[22]
19th
Suffolk II, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Department of Virginia
  • Losses: unknown[23]
26th
Cape Girardeau, Missouri
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 325, Union 12[24]
29th
Grand Gulf, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate batteries from Army of Vicksburg, Union Mississippi squadron
  • Losses: Confederate unknown, Union 80[25]
29th
Snyder's Bluff, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate artillery, Union Mississippi squadron
  • Losses: unknown[26]
30th
Day's Gap, Alabama
  • Forces: Confederate and Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 65, Union 23[27]

[edit] May

1st
Port Gibson, Mississippi
1st to 2nd
Chalk Bluff, Arkansas
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union infantry
  • Losses: fewer than 100[24]
Battle of Chancellorsville by Kurz and Allison (depicting the wounding of Confederate Lt. Gen. Stonewall Jackson on May 2, 1863)
1st to 6th
Chancellorsville, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 13,460, Union 17,304[29]
3rd
Fredericksburg II, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate division from Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union VI Corps and division from II Corps, Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 475, Union 1,100[30]
3rd to 4th
Salem Church, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union VI Corps and division from II Corps, Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 674, Union 1,523[31]
12th
Raymond, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Vicksburg, Union Army of the Tennessee
  • Losses: Confederate 442, Union 514[32]
14th
Jackson, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate garrison, Union Army of the Tennessee
  • Losses: Confederate 850, Union 286[33]
16th
Champion Hill, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Vicksburg, Union Army of the Tennessee
  • Losses: Confederate 3,840, Union 2,441[34]
17th
Big Black River Bridge, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Vicksburg, Union Army of the Tennessee
  • Losses: Confederate 1,741, Union 276[35]
18th to July 4th
Vicksburg, Mississippi
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Vicksburg, Union Army of the Tennessee
  • Losses: Confederate 32,697 (29,495 surrendered), Union 4,835[36]
21st
Plains Store, Louisiana
Confederate batteries fire down onto Union gunboats on the Mississippi.
22nd
Port Hudson, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate garrison, Union Department of the Gulf
  • Losses: Confederate 7,500, Union 10,000[38]

[edit] June

7th
Milliken's Bend, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate division, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 185, Union 652[39]
9th
Brandy Station, Virginia
  • Forces: Cavalry corps from Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 515, Union 866[40]
13th to 15th
Winchester II, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union garrison from Middle Department
  • Losses: Confederate 269, Union 4,443[41]
17th
Aldie, Virginia
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 119, Union 300[42]
19th
Middleburg, Virginia
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: unknown[43]
Ashby's Gap, Virginia
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: unknown[44]
20th to 21st
LaFourche Crossing, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 219, Union 49[45]
21st
Upperville, Virginia
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: unknown[46]
24th to 26th
Hoover's Gap, Tennessee
28th
Donaldsonville II, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 301, Union 23[48]
Near Fort Rice, North Dakota
  • Forces: Party of Sioux Indians, Union Department of the Northwest
  • Losses: Sioux three, Union one[49]
29th
Oyster's Point (Camp Hill), Pennsylvania
29th to 30th
Goodrich's Landing, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 6, Union 150[51]
30th
Hanover, Pennsylvania
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 150, Union 200[52]
Sporting Hill, Pennsylvania
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Department of the Susquehanna
  • Losses: Confederate 35-45, Union unknown[53]

[edit] July

1st to 3rd
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 22,625, Union 22,813[54]
1st to 2nd
Cabin Creek, Oklahoma
  • Forces: Confederate Cherokees and Texas cavalry, Union infantry
  • Losses: Confederate 59, Union 21[55]
1st
Hunterstown, Pennsylvania
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: unknown[56]
3rd
Fairfield, Pennsylvania
4th
Helena, Arkansas
  • Forces: Confederate District of Arkansas, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 1,636, Union 239[58]
6th
Williamsport, Maryland
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 254, Union 400[59]
7th
Funkstown, Maryland
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses:unknown[60]
8th
Boonsboro, Maryland
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 100 total[61]
9th
Corydon, Indiana
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union militia
  • Losses: Confederate 51, Union 360[62]
10th
Funkstown, Maryland
  • Forces: Cavalry from Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 479 total[63]
10th to 11th
Fort Wagner I, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate garrison of Fort Wagner, Union Department of the South
  • Losses: Confederate 12, Union 339[64]
12th to 13th
Kock's Plantation, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union Department of the Gulf
  • Losses: Confederate 33, Union 465[65]
14th
Falling Waters, Maryland
  • Forces: Confederate division from Army of Northern Virginia, Union cavalry from Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: unknown[66]
16th
Grimball's Landing, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, Union Department of the South
  • Losses: Confederate 18, Union 46[64]
17th
Honey Springs, Oklahoma
  • Forces: Confederate division from Trans-Mississippi Department, Union Army of the Border
  • Losses: Confederate 134, Union 77[67]
18th
Fort Wagner II, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate garrison of Fort Wagner, Union Department of the South
  • Losses: Confederate 222, Union 1,515[68]
19th
Buffington Island, Ohio
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union infantry and cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 900, Union 25[62]
23rd
Manassas Gap, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 440 total[69]
24th
Big Mound, North Dakota
26th
Salineville, Ohio
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 364, Union 0[71]
Dead Buffalo, North Dakota
  • Forces: Union Department of the Northwest, Dakota (Sisseton and Yanktonais tribes) and Teton Lakota (Hunkpapa and Blackfeet tribes)
  • Losses: Union 1, Dakotas and Lakotas 9[70]
28th
Stony Lake, North Dakota
  • Forces: Union Department of the Northwest, Dakotas and Lakotas tribes
  • Losses: Union none, Dakotas and Lakotas unknown[72]

[edit] August

17th to September 8
Fort Sumter II, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate garrison of Fort Sumter, Union Department of the South
  • Losses: unknown[73]
21st
Lawrence, Kansas
  • Forces: Confederate guerrillas, Union civilians
  • Losses: Confederate none, Union 150[74]
Chattanoga II, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Army of the Cumberland
  • Losses: unknown[75]

[edit] September

1st
Devil's Backbone, Arkansas
  • Forces: Confederate and Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 17, Union 14[76]
3rd to 4th
Whitestone Hill, North Dakota
  • Forces: Union Department of North Dakota, Dakota tribes
  • Losses: Union 60, Dakotas 350[77]
5th to 8th
Charleston Harbor II, South Carolina
  • Forces: Confederate garrison of Fort Wagner, Union Department of the South
  • Losses: Confederate 100, Union 117[78]
8th
Sabine Pass II, Texas
10th
Bayou Fourche (Little Rock), Arkansas
  • Forces: Confederate District of Arkansas, Union Department of Arkansas
  • Losses: Confederate 64, Union 72[80]
10th to 11th
Davis' Cross Roads, Georgia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Army of the Cumberland
  • Losses: unknown[81]
19th to 20th
Chickamauga, Georgia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Army of the Cumberland
  • Losses: Confederate 18,454, Union 16,179[82]
22nd
Blountville, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate 165, Union 27[83]
29th
Stirling's Plantation, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union Department of the Gulf
  • Losses: Confederate 121, Union 515[84]

[edit] October

6th
Baxter Springs, Kansas
10th
Blue Springs, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate 216, Union 100[86]
13th
Auburn I, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 50 total[87]
14th
Auburn II, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 115 total[88]
Bristoe Station, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 1,380, Union 540[89]
16th to 18th
Fort Brooke, Florida
  • Forces: Confederate garrison, Union East Gulf Blockading Squadron
  • Losses: Confederate unknown, Union 16[90]
19th
Buckland Mills, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: 230 total[91]
24th
Washington, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate District of West Louisiana, Union detachment from Army of the Gulf
  • Losses: unknown[92]
25th
Pine Bluff, Arkansas
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry from District of Arkansas, Union garrison
  • Losses: Confederate 40, Union 56[80]
28th to 29th
Wauhatchie, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Army of the Cumberland
  • Losses: Confederate 356, Union 216[93]

[edit] November

3rd
Collierville, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate and Union cavalry
  • Losses: Confederate 95, Union 60[94]
Bayou Bourbeau, Louisiana
  • Forces: Confederate cavalry from District of West Louisiana, Union XIII Corps
  • Losses: Confederate 125, Union 154[95]
6th
Droop Mountain, West Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Department of Southwest Virginia, Union Department of West Virginia
  • Losses: Confederate 275, Union 140[96]
7th
Rappahannock Station, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 2,041, Union 461[97]
16th
Campbell's Station, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate 570, Union 400[98]
23rd to 25th
Chattanooga III, Tennessee
26th to December 2nd
Mine Run, Virginia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Potomac
  • Losses: Confederate 795, Union 1,633[100]
27th
Ringgold Gap, Georgia
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Military Division of the Mississippi
  • Losses: Confederate 221, Union 507[101]
29th
Fort Sanders, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate Army of Tennessee, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate 800, Union 15[102]

[edit] December

14th
Bean's Station, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate 222, Union 115[103]
29th
Mossy Creek, Tennessee
  • Forces: Confederate First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, Union Army of the Ohio
  • Losses: Confederate unknown, Union 151[104]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Kennedy, pp. 197–199, 202–213, 251–259.
  2. ^ Kennedy, pp. 147–173, 181–184, 225–231, 241–247.
  3. ^ Kennedy, pp. 139, 179&dnash;180, 232.
  4. ^ Kennedy, p. 139.
  5. ^ Kennedy, p. 177.
  6. ^ Kennedy, p. 157.
  7. ^ Kennedy, p. 177-178.
  8. ^ Kennedy, p. 190.
  9. ^ Josephy, p. 259.
  10. ^ Hurst, pp. 113–114.
  11. ^ Kennedy, p. 189.
  12. ^ Kennedy, p. 194-195.
  13. ^ Kennedy, p. 196.
  14. ^ Kennedy, p. 189-190.
  15. ^ Hurst, p. 115.
  16. ^ Kennedy, p. 195.
  17. ^ Kennedy, p. 191-192.
  18. ^ Hurst, pp. 115–116.
  19. ^ Parrish, pp. 271–272.
  20. ^ Wert, p. 235.
  21. ^ Parrish, p. 274.
  22. ^ Kennedy, p. 179.
  23. ^ Kennedy, p. 195-196.
  24. ^ a b Kennedy, p. 178.
  25. ^ Kennedy, p. 157-158.
  26. ^ Kennedy, p. 158.
  27. ^ Kennedy, p. 176-177.
  28. ^ Kennedy, p. 158-164.
  29. ^ Sears (1996), p. 492, 501.
  30. ^ Sears (1996), p. 357.
  31. ^ Sears (1996), p. 385.
  32. ^ Kennedy, p. 164-167.
  33. ^ Kennedy, p. 167.
  34. ^ Kennedy, p. 167-170.
  35. ^ Kennedy, p. 170-171.
  36. ^ Kennedy, p. 171-173.
  37. ^ Kennedy, p. 181-182.
  38. ^ Kennedy, p. 182-184.
  39. ^ Kennedy, p. 173-175.
  40. ^ Longacre, p. 87.
  41. ^ Sears (2003), p. 81.
  42. ^ Longacre, p. 109.
  43. ^ Kennedy, p. 205-206.
  44. ^ Longacre, p. 124-125.
  45. ^ Kennedy, p. 180.
  46. ^ Kennedy, p. 206.
  47. ^ Kennedy, p. 225-226.
  48. ^ Parrish, pp. 301–302.
  49. ^ Josephy, p. 148.
  50. ^ Ney, p. 340
  51. ^ Kennedy, p. 175.
  52. ^ Longacre, p. 178.
  53. ^ Nye, p. 355.
  54. ^ Sears (2003), p. 496, 498.
  55. ^ Kennedy, p. 218-219.
  56. ^ Longacre, p. 201.
  57. ^ Longacre, p. 236.
  58. ^ Kennedy, p. 175-176.
  59. ^ Kennedy, p. 212-213.
  60. ^ Wittenberg et. al., p. 167-169.
  61. ^ Wittenberg et. al., p. 173-183.
  62. ^ a b Kennedy, p. 216.
  63. ^ Wittenberg et. al., p. 207-225
  64. ^ a b Kennedy, p. 192.
  65. ^ Parrish, p. 304.
  66. ^ Wittenberg et. al., p. 282-299.
  67. ^ Kennedy, p. 219-221.
  68. ^ Kennedy, p. 192-193.
  69. ^ Kennedy, p. 213-214.
  70. ^ a b Kennedy, p. 222.
  71. ^ Kennedy, p. 216-217.
  72. ^ Kennedy, p. 222-223.
  73. ^ Kennedy, p. 193-194.
  74. ^ Josephy, p. 373
  75. ^ Kennedy, p. 226.
  76. ^ Kennedy, p. 221.
  77. ^ Josephy, p. 145.
  78. ^ Kennedy, p. 193.
  79. ^ Josephy, p. 184.
  80. ^ a b Kennedy, p. 233.
  81. ^ Kennedy, p. 227.
  82. ^ Cozzens, p. 534.
  83. ^ Kennedy, p. 236-238.
  84. ^ Kennedy, p. 180-181.
  85. ^ Castel, p. 160.
  86. ^ Kennedy, p. 239-240.
  87. ^ Kennedy, p. 251-252.
  88. ^ Kennedy, p. 252.
  89. ^ Kennedy, p. 252-254.
  90. ^ Kennedy, p. 263.
  91. ^ Kennedy, p. 254-255.
  92. ^ Parrish, p. 311.
  93. ^ Kennedy, p. 241-242.
  94. ^ Kennedy, p. 241.
  95. ^ Parrish, p. 312-313.
  96. ^ Kennedy, p. 240.
  97. ^ Kennedy, p. 255.
  98. ^ Kennedy, p. 248-249.
  99. ^ Kennedy, p. 243-246.
  100. ^ Kennedy, p. 255-259.
  101. ^ Kennedy, p. 246-248.
  102. ^ Kennedy, p. 249.
  103. ^ Wert, pp. 355–356.
  104. ^ Kennedy, p. 250.

[edit] Sources

  • Castel, Albert. Civil War Kansas: Reaping the Whirlwind. University Press of Kansas, 1997. ISBN 978-0-7006-0872-0.
  • Cozzens, Peter. This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga. University of Illinois Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-252-01703-2.
  • Hurst, Jack. Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. ISBN 0-394-55189-3.
  • Josephy, Jr., Alvin M. The Civil War in the American West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991. ISBN 978-0-394-56482-1.
  • Kennedy, Frances H. The Civil War Battlefield Guide, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin, 1998. ISBN 978-0-395-74012-5.
  • Longacre, Edward. The Cavalry at Gettysburg: A Tactical Study of Mounted Operations during the Civil War's Pivotal Campaign, 9 June - 14 July 1863. University of Nebraska Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-8032-7941-4.
  • Nye, Wilbur Sturtevant. Here Come the Rebels!. Morningside Bookshop, 1988. ISBN 0-89029-080-7
  • Parrish, T. Michael. Richard Taylor: Soldier Prince of Dixie. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-8078-2032-2
  • Sears, Stephen W. Chancellorsville. Mariner Books, 1996. ISBN 978-0-395-63417-2
  • Sears, Stephen W. Gettysburg. Houghton Mifflin, 2003. ISBN 978-0-395-86761-7.
  • Wert, Jeffry D. General James Longstreet: The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier - A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. ISBN 0-671-70921-6
  • Wittenberg, Eric J., J. David Petruzzi, and Michael F. Nugent. One Continuous Fight: The Retreat from Gettysburg and the Pursuit of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, July 4th-14th, 1863. Savas Beatie, 2008. ISBN 978-1-932714-43-2.
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