Turi (caste)
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 198,344 (2011 census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal | |
| Languages | |
| Odia, Sadri, Laria, Turi, Hindi | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Doms, Mahli, Basor, Bansphor |
The Turi is a caste found in the state of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal in India. The traditionally involved in the manufacture of household items of bamboo.[2][3]
Etymology
The word Turi is derived from Tokri a basket made from bamboo.[3]
Origin
The Turi were traditionally involved in making household items from bamboo such as Tokri (basket), Sup (winnowing sieve), fan etc.[3] According to Herbert Hope Risley, they are offshoot of Munda tribe as they still speak a dialect of Munda language. According to Robert Vane Russell, In Lohardaga (Present Lohardaga, Ranchi, Gumla, Simdega, Khunti district), the caste is divided into four subgroup: Turi or Kishan, Turi, Dom and Domra. Turi kishan are cultivater and make the sup, a winnowing sieve, the tokri, a basket of bamboo and the sair and nadua for catching fish. The Ors are said to derive their name from the oriya basket used by the sower, and made of split bamboo. They also make umbrellas, and the chhota dali, a flat basket. Doms make the Jiarka and scale-pans. Domras make the peti and fans. Dom and Domra speak Hindi. Turi, Ors and Birhor speak a dialect of Mundari among themselves. Turi are an offshoot from the Mundas, with an admixture of Doms and other low Uriya (Odia) castes. They have Surname such as Majhi, Bagh, Turi, Malik (Odisha), Sardar(West Bengal). They have tomemic clans such as Bagerhar, Bar (Banayan), Charchagiya, Hansda (wild goose), Induar (eel), Kachhua (turtle), Surain, Baghel, Madalwar, Sumat, Jari, Kerketta, Molia in Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Baghar, Hansda, Jaddi, Manjhi in Odisha and Kashyap in West Bengal.[4]
Present circumstances
Turi are divided into many subgroups. They are further divided into various exogamous clans. Family of Turi are mostly patrilocal and patrilineal. They are employed in Cultivation, basketry and labour. They speak Odia, Laria, Hindi. Their festival are Kalipuja, Durgapuja, Nuakhai, Raja, Dola, Rathjatra, Makar.[3] In modern period, the traditional business of basketry is in danger as there are lots of household items of plastic available in market. But traditional basket made of bamboo are in demand during festivals.[2][5][6] According to 2011 cencus, the population of Turi was 198,344.[1]
Official classification
In 1931, during British Period, they were listed as indigenous tribe. In 1936, they were listed as Backward tribe.[7] In Patna division, Tirhut, Bengal, Hazaribagh and Manbhum, they were included in Scheduled Caste.[8] After independence, they were included in the list of Scheduled Castes in Odisha, Jharkhand and West Bengal.[9][10][11]
References
- ^ a b "Census of India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ a b "तुरी जाति के पारंपरिक व्यवसाय पर मंडरा रहा खतरा, बांस के बने सामानों की बिक्री में आयी गिरावट". prabhat khabar. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Turi". scstrti. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Turi". indpaedia. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "परंपरागत व्यवसाय पर आधुनिकता का साया, न मिल रहा रोजगार, न हो रही कमाई". zeenews. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "रोजी-रोटी की वजह से बदलनी पड़ी जाति, बांस का सामान बनाकर पेट पालने वाले शख्स का छलका दर्द". abplive. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ Nirmal Sengupta (14 May 1988). "Reappraising Tribal Movements: II: Legitimisation and Spread". Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Government of India 1935 (Scheduled Caste) Order, 1936" (PDF). 30 April 1936. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Schedule Caste Communities". scstrti. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Jharkhand Caste List ST SC OBC EBC-1 EBC-2 [ PDF ]". jharnet. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "List of Scheduled Castes in West Bengal". wbxpress. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.