User:Jendoss9/sandbox

Philippine English

I plan to contribute additional citations to existing content in this article. Specific areas that need revision are the Phonology and History sections of the Philippine English article, neither of which have any citations.

Improving an Existing Article

What is missing from the current article: citations and a lacking history section. Specific ways I plan to improve this article are to comb through the existing citations to determine whether any of them could apply to un-cited portions of the article. In addition to that, I plan on finding relevant sources to contribute more information, especially to the history section of the article.

Bibliography

-DETERDING, D. and KIRKPATRICK, A. (2006), Emerging South-East Asian Englishes and intelligibility. World Englishes, 25: 391–409.

-DETERDING, D. (2010), Norms for pronunciation in Southeast Asia. World Englishes, 29: 364–377.

- Tayao, Ma. L. G. (2004), The evolving study of Philippine English phonology. World Englishes, 23: 77–90.

PEER REVIEW - Jake9101(totally honest, not 100% sure if this is where this is supposed to go, so I apologize in advance)

• "Philippine English has evolved tremendously from where it began decades ago. Some decades before English was officially introduced, if not arguably forced, to the Philippines, the archipelagic nation had been subjected to Spanish rule and thus Spanish was the language of power and influence. However, in 1898 when Spain gave the United States control of the nation, the English language, although initially disfavored, became widely used in a matter of years. This was catalyzed by the coming of American teachers called ‘Thomasites’ (Bolton & Bautista, 2004). Before gaining independence, language policy makers had already started discussing formation of a common language for the Philippines today know as Filipino. Filipino became the national language, and English was given the status of an official language of the Philippines; English is the dominant superstrate language, as it is perceived by many as a symbol of status and power, replacing Spanish as the dominant superstrate language. With the English language highly embedded in Philippine society, it is only a matter of time before the language is indigenized to the point that differentiates it from English in the United States or in the United Kingdom. This, along with the formal introduction of the World Englishes (WE) framework to English language scholars in the Philippines by renowned linguist Braj B. Kachru, which occurred at a conference in Manila (Kachru, 1997), opened the floodgates to research on this new emerging English, which has since been branded as Philippine English."

Your addition to the article was informative without going overboard with frivolous details. There are a number of grammatical mistakes that can be easily fixed, but detract from the overall readability of the writing. The sources listed in your sandbox are good, reliable sources. They should be accepted by the editing community as valid. The information given was objective, however informal writing (example: "more or less", may be construed as unfounded or biased. The addition flows well, with a clear path of information leading to an end.

• Formal response to Peer Review: Thanks for the feedback! I will definitely go through and sort out the grammatical mistakes as well as rephrase or remove informal writing. Thanks again! -Jendoss9

Phonology of Philippine English

Philippine English is a rhotic accent due to heavy American English influence, contrary to most Commonwealth English variants. Therefore, /r/ phonemes are pronounced in all positions. Native speakers and well-educated speakers may also feature flapping and vowel sounds resembling the California vowel shift due to the influence of Hollywood movies.

For non-native speakers, Philippine English phonological features are heavily dependent on the speaker's mother tongue, although foreign languages such as Spanish also influenced many Filipinos on the way of pronouncing English words. This is the main reason why approximations are very common and so are hypercorrections. The most distinguishable feature is the lack of fricative consonants, particularly /f/, /v/ and /z/. Another feature is the general absence of the schwa /ə/, and therefore pronounced by its respective full equivalent vowel.