User:Mr. Ibrahem/Phenylephrine
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /ˌfɛnəlˈɛfriːn, fiː-, -ɪn/ |
Trade names | Many[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
License data | |
Routes of administration | By mouth, in the nose, on the eye, intravenous, intramuscular |
Drug class | Alpha-adrenergic agonist |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 38% through GI tract |
Protein binding | 95% |
Metabolism | Liver (oxidative deamination) |
Onset of action | Very rapid (IV); within 20 min (by mouth)[2] |
Elimination half-life | 2.1–3.4 h |
Duration of action | Up to 20 min (IV); 4 hrs (by mouth)[2] |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C9H13NO2 |
Molar mass | 167.205 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Phenylephrine is a medication primarily used as a decongestant, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids.[2][3] While marketed as a decongestant, taken by mouth at recommended doses it is of unclear benefit for hay fever.[2] It can be taken by mouth, given by injection into a vein or muscle, or applied to the skin.[2]
Common side effects when taken by mouth or injected include nausea, headache, and anxiety.[2] Use on hemorrhoids is generally well tolerated.[2] Severe side effects may include a slow heart rate, intestinal ischemia, chest pain, kidney failure, and tissue death at the site of injection.[2][3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[2] Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor activator which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins.[2]
Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United Kingdom the injectable formulation costs the NHS £4 per vial.[3] Unlike pseudoephedrine, abuse of phenylephrine is very uncommon.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ "Phenylephrine (DB00388)". DrugBank. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d e British national formulary : BNF 76 (76, 1140 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 541. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
- ^ "Max Strength Decongestant Tablets" (PDF). www.mhra.gov.uk. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.