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Vladimir Dekanozov

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Vladimir Georgievich Dekanozov
Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Декано́зов
BornJune 1898
Baku (or Estonia), Russian Empire
Died23 December 1953 (aged 55)
Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union
AllegianceSoviet Union USSR
Service/branchOGPU / GUGP / NKVD
Years of service1938–1953
Rank Colonel General
Commands heldDeputy Chief of the Soviet GUGB
Deputy Chief of the Soviet NKID
Chief of the Georgian NKVD
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsOrder of Lenin
Other workDeputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

Vladimir Georgievich Dekanozov (Russian: Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Декано́зов; born Ivan Vasilyevich Protopopov; June 1898 – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet senior state security operative and diplomat.

Biography

Early life

According to the official biography, Vladimir Dekanozov was born in Baku, Azerbaijan, to the family of Giorgi Dekanozishvili, founder of the Party of Georgian Social-Federalists.[1][2] Dekanozishvili, in Georgian meaning Son of a Deacon, was said to have been a noble Georgian family belonging to the Georgian Orthodox Church.[3][4] Although he self-identified as a Georgian, some rumors falsely suggested that he might have Armenian heritage due to his russified name.[5][6] These rumours are known to have originated as a joke from Joseph Stalin who frequently teased and mocked Dekanozov.[7][8]

Some historians have concluded that he assumed the name Dekanozov and a Georgian ethnic identity in order to hide his true origin, something that was quite common among the Bolsheviks. According to the Lithuanian writer Liudas Dovydenas, who knew him, the blonde and blue-eyed Dekanozov was not Georgian, but rather a person from Estonia. Dovydenas asserted that Dekanozov's father was an ethnic Russian and that his mother was from a Jewish family assimilated to Baltic German culture. This is also supported by a statement by J. Edgar Hoover, presumably based on British intelligence, that Dekanozov was born in Estonia and that his real name was Ivan Vasilyevich Protopopov.[9][10]

Dekanozov's official biography states that he studied in the medical schools of Saratov University and Baku University. In 1918 he entered the Red Army, and in 1920 he joined the Bolshevik Party. From 1918 he allegedly worked as a secret agent in Transcaucasia, first in the People's Commissariat for Health of the short-lived Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, then in private oil companies. After the invasion of Azerbaijan by the Red Army, Dekanozov worked for the Cheka of Azerbaijan SSR, where he befriended Lavrenty Beria, who subsequently supported Dekanozov. In 1921–27 Dekanozov worked for the Cheka in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Transcaucasia. In 1927 he became an instructor of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia. In 1928–1931 he worked as one of the leaders of the Georgian and Transcaucasian OGPU. In 1931 he became a secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia. From 1936 he was the Narkom of the food industry of Georgia, and from 1937 he simultaneously worked as the Chairman of Gosplan of Georgia and a deputy Chairman of Georgian Sovnarkom. He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1937–50.[6]

He was transferred to the NKVD in November 1938, when Lavrentii Beria was appointed its head. Dekanozov was the deputy chief of GUGB and at the same time headed both its foreign intelligence and counterintelligence departments from 1938 to 1939. Dekanozov was responsible for purges of the Red Army as well as for purging Nikolai Yezhov's supporters from the NKVD.[6]

In May 1939 he was appointed deputy chief of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (NKID). His sphere of responsibility before 1941 included Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Mongolia, and Xinjiang, as well as the consulates, cadres, and finances of NKID.

Second World War

Incorporation of Lithuania into the USSR

Main article: Occupation of Baltic States § Soviet invasion

Soviet military forces crossed the Lithuanian border on 15 June 1940, with the military of Lithuania being ordered not to resist. Dekanozov arrived on the same day to organise the incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of Lithuania, headed by Antanas Sniečkus, was at his disposal. The Soviet military established a controlling presence that allowed Dekanozov to fulfill his function as representative of the Communist Party. The process creating the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was Dekanozov's work. He installed himself in the Soviet embassy and imposed on Lithuania the Soviet party-state structure in which the traditional governmental forms were of only secondary importance. Dekanozov restructured the Lithuanian government, naming Justas Paleckis, a Lithuanian leftist who was not yet a member of the Communist Party, as Prime Minister.[11]

Aided by specialists for Soviet administration and Soviet security organs sent in from Moscow, Dekanozov worked through the Lithuanian Communist Party, while the cabinet of ministers, headed by Paleckis, served an administrative function. Dekanozov and Paleckis brought a number of non-members of the Communist Party (but still pro-communists) into the first "people’s government", but in retrospect it is clear that they constituted window dressing for the Soviet takeover. For his part, Dekanozov pushed his program carefully, concentrating first of all on denouncing the Smetona regime in Lithuania, then promising to respect private property, assuring Lithuanians that agriculture would not be collectivized, and restraining any discussion of the possibility of joining the Soviet Union until mid-July.

On 6 July Dekanozov’s government announced that on 14 July there would be elections for a new parliament, a so-called People's Seimas. The Lithuanian Communist Party announced the formation of the Union of the Toiling People of Lithuania, which offered a slate of candidates, including some ten non-members of the Communist Party, with as many people as there were seats in the new parliament up for election. On 11 and 12 July, the Soviet authorities reduced the possible points of opposition by arresting leading figures of the old regime and deporting some of them to the interior of the Soviet Union, although Lithuania was still formally an independent state.

Dekanozov used the Lithuanian government, and the Communist Party of Lithuania, as his instruments to carry out the will of the Soviet party leadership. Throughout the process, Soviet propagandists insisted there was only one acceptable path for the country, and all were obliged to follow it. They concentrated on creating an image of mass support, and they called for determined measures against those who somehow opposed the new order and wanted to sabotage the elections of 14 July.

Lithuania became a part of the Stalinist Soviet party-state, administered within the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) structure, long before it was formally incorporated into the governmental structure of the Soviet Union. By the time the new Soviet state structure in Lithuania had been formalized, Dekanozov had long since left Lithuania. In July 1940 he had returned to Moscow, his job completed, when the People's Seimas voted to ask for membership in the USSR. In barely more than a month, he had reorganized the Lithuanian state, set the social and economic development on Lithuania onto a new course, and contributed to the enlargement of the Soviet state. The Sovietisation of Lithuania started by Dekanozov was carried on by Nikolai Pozdniakov.[12]

Work in Berlin

From November 1940 Dekanozov, remaining the deputy chief of NKID, was also the Soviet ambassador to Berlin. In September 1943, he made a mysterious visit to Stockholm that was interpreted by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop as a sign of Soviet interest in making a separate peace with Germany. Adolf Hitler, however, refused von Ribbentrop's plea that he be allowed to dispatch an envoy to Sweden.

After the Second World War

Dekanozov continued to be the deputy chief of NKID and then of the Foreign Affairs Ministry until 1947. He held other senior positions before being appointed the Interior Minister of Georgian SSR (after Beria became the Interior Minister of the USSR) in April 1953. A close associate of Beria, he was removed from state positions almost immediately after Beria's removal.

Dekanozov was considered to be a member of the so-called "Beria gang". He was arrested in June 1953 and was sentenced to death on 23 December 1953. The sentence was carried out the same day.

His case was reviewed both by the Soviet Union during the glasnost era and by the Russian Federation after the collapse of the USSR. In both cases he was ruled ineligible for rehabilitation.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Marples, Davir R.; Hurska, Alla (2022). Joseph Stalin: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works (Significant Figures in World History). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 41.
  2. ^ Merab Vachnadze, Vakhtang Guruli, Mikheil Bakhtadze, History of Georgia; Artanuji 2004, page 112.
  3. ^ Georgian Genealogy Research
  4. ^ http://memo.ru/history/nkvd/kto/biogr/gb133.htm NKVD Files Archive
  5. ^ Игорь Бунич. Лабиринты безумия, стр. 49
  6. ^ a b c Dekanozov Vladimir Georgievich, article on hrono.ru
  7. ^ Lithuania 1940: revolution from above By Alfred Erich Senn; Amsterdam 2007, page 270
  8. ^ Stalin: The Court Of The Red Tsar By Simon Sebag Montefiore; Weidenfeld & Nieolson 2003
  9. ^ Barros, James (2009). Double Deception: Stalin, Hitler, and the Invasion of Russia. Northern Illinois University Press; 1st edition. pp. 48–49.
  10. ^ Kotkin, Stephen (2017). Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941. Penguin Random House. Even Molotov did not know him well, thinking him an Armenian who pretended to be a Georgian. He seems to have been of mixed Russian (father) and German Jewish (mother) heritage
  11. ^ (Dead link) Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ Valdininkijos šalinimas iš okupuotos Lietuvos administracijos ir jos keitimas okupantų talkininkais 1940 m. birželio–gruodžio mėn.
  13. ^ "Служба внешней разведки Российской Федерации". svr.gov.ru. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
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