Mathias Zdarsky: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Alpine skier (1856–1940)}} |
{{Short description|Alpine skier (1856–1940)}} |
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{{more footnotes|date = November 2016}} |
{{more footnotes needed|date = November 2016}} |
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{{infobox person |
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[[Image:Mathias zdarsky 1908.jpg|thumb|Mathias Zdarsky in 1908]] |
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| name = Mathias Zdarsky |
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⚫ | [[ |
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| image = Mathias zdarsky 1908.jpg |
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⚫ | '''Mathias Zdarsky''' ({{lang-cs|'''Matyáš Žďárský'''}}; 25 February 1856 |
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| caption = Zdarsky in 1908 |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1856|2|25|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Kožichovice]], [[Moravia]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1940|6|20|1856|2|25|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Sankt Pölten|St. Pölten]], Austria |
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| known_for = "Father of alpine skiing"<br />Inventor of steel ski binding |
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| occupation = Ski instructor, artist |
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}} |
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⚫ | [[File:Mathias zdarsky ski technique.jpg|thumb|Zdarsky demonstrating his ski technique. This photo was the basis of a 1990 commemorative Austrian 5 schilling stamp.<ref>[http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.stamp.1990.900620a 50. Todestag von Mathias Zdarsky<!-- bot-generated title -->] at aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at</ref>]] |
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⚫ | '''Mathias Zdarsky''' ({{lang-cs|'''Matyáš Žďárský'''}}; 25 February 1856 – 20 June 1940) was an early ski pioneer and founder of modern [[Alpine skiing]] technique: [[Arnold Lunn]] described him as the "father of alpine skiing".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Norden |first=Gilbert|date=Spring 2001 |title=Austrian Sport Museums |url=http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH2001/JSH2801/JSH2801h.pdf |journal=Journal of Sport History |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=87–107|access-date=3 January 2017 }}</ref> He was the first ski instructor in the world.<ref name="britanica">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9078283/Matthias-Zdarsky|title=Britannica.com article on Matthias Zdarsky|access-date=2006-10-09}}</ref> He was also a teacher, painter and sculptor. |
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==Biography== |
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⚫ | Inspired by Norway's [[Fridtjof Nansen]]'s 1888 crossing of [[Greenland]], he adapted skis for use on alpine terrain. In 1890 he developed a steel binding (the "Lilienfelder Stahlsohlenbindung"), which made steep mountain slopes and gate runs possible. Zdarsky felt the earlier bindings did not hold the foot firmly enough, and so he designed binding with a strong, sprung, steel sole, which is the basis of modern [[ski binding]]s. As in the earlier [[ |
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Zdarsky was born on 25 February 1856 in [[Kožichovice]] in [[Moravia]], then [[Austria-Hungary]], present [[Czech Republic]].<ref>[https://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Zdarsky%2C_Mathias/Zdarsky%2C_Mathias_english "Zdarsky, Mathias"] at austria-forum.org</ref> |
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⚫ | Inspired by Norway's [[Fridtjof Nansen]]'s 1888 crossing of [[Greenland]], he adapted skis for use on alpine terrain. In 1890, he developed a steel binding (the "Lilienfelder Stahlsohlenbindung"), which made steep mountain slopes and gate runs possible. Zdarsky felt the earlier bindings did not hold the foot firmly enough, and so he designed binding with a strong, sprung, steel sole, which is the basis of modern [[ski binding]]s.<ref>Lund, Morten (1982) [https://books.google.com/books?id=DLsKTk20BxoC&pg=PA48 "The Father of Alpine Skiing"] ''Ski'' Vol. 47, No. 4: 46,48,50</ref> As in the earlier [[Telemark skiing|Norwegian]] skiing, he used only one [[ski pole]]. Unlike today, the skier steered by using their elbows. |
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⚫ | In January 1905, Zdarsky demonstrated a steep downhill descent, and was among the first to publicize this development in Central Europe. To show the superiority of his ski technology, he skied the "Breite Ries" at [[Schneeberg (Alps)|Schneeberg, Austria]]. On 19 March 1905 he organized the first [[alpine ski]] race (on the [[Muckenkogel]] via [[Lilienfeld]], Austria)(though Crans-Montana in Switzerland had already run the first Kandahar descent race, in January |
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⚫ | In January 1905, Zdarsky demonstrated a steep downhill descent, and was among the first to publicize this development in Central Europe. To show the superiority of his ski technology, he skied the "Breite Ries" at [[Schneeberg (Alps)|Schneeberg, Austria]]. On 19 March 1905 he organized the first [[alpine ski]] race (on the [[Muckenkogel]] via [[Lilienfeld]], Austria) (though Crans-Montana in Switzerland had already run the first Kandahar descent race, in January 1901). This event had 24 participants, however it attained little attention beyond ski enthusiasts.<ref>Allen, John (2008) [https://books.google.com/books?id=VVgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14 "Mathias_Zdarsky: The Father of Alpine Skiing"] Skiing Heritage Vol 20 #1:8-14</ref> In 1922 the Englishman [[Arnold Lunn]] invented the shorter, but more difficult [[Slalom skiing|slalom]] race, which had greater appeal. |
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⚫ | During [[World War I]], <!-- #Mountain_warfare: German WW I article has section for mountain warfare for this wikilink--> he taught mountain troops skiing and advanced [[avalanche]] training. He described his skiing techniques in his book ''Die Lilienfelder Skilauf-Technik'' (''The Lilienfelder Ski Method''). First published in 1897, seventeen editions were published up to 1925. He died in [[Sankt Pölten|St. Pölten]], Austria on 20 June 1940. |
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Zdarsky is also thought to be the inventor of the [[bivouac sack]]. [[Mount Zdarsky]] in [[Antarctica]] is named for him. |
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==Legacy== |
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During his lifetime, nobody suspected Zdarsky had created the basis for a popular sport, and he was considered something of an eccentric inventor. He is also thought to be the inventor of the [[bivouac sack]]. |
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Honors received include: |
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* 1905 honorary member of [[Ski Club of Great Britain]] |
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* 1916 Knight's Cross [[Order of Franz Joseph]] |
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* 1931 Gold Medal for Services to the Republic of Austria |
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* 1936 Cross of the Austrian Order of Merit<ref>Klien, A. (1957) [https://biographien.ac.at/ID-184.6717612335086-1 "Mathias_Zdarsky"] in: ''[[Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950|Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia 1815-1950]]'' (ÖBL). Volume 16, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna {{ISBN|3-7001-1327-7}} S. 451f</ref> |
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* 1937 honorary member of Austrian Ski Association |
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* 1965 monument in Lilienfeld park<ref>Norden, Gilbert (2009) [https://books.google.com/books?id=AfJEAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA102 "Monuments and street names honouring sports personalities"] in Local sport in Europe. Proceedings of the 4th EASS conference Waxmann Verlag ISBN 9783830970156 pg 103</ref> |
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Named in his memory: |
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* [[Mount Zdarsky]] in [[Antarctica]] |
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* 1951 Zdarskyweg in [[Vienna]] - Hietzing |
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* 1977 Zdarskystraße in St. Pölten- Spratzern |
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* annual Muckenkogel Traisner Hütte mid-March nostalgia ski race |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* Zdarsky, Mathias (1897) ''Lilienfelder Skilauf-Technik'' Hamburg: Verlagsanst OCLC 601422411 |
* Zdarsky, Mathias (1897) ''Lilienfelder Skilauf-Technik'' Hamburg: Verlagsanst OCLC 601422411 |
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* Schlesinger, Paul (1942) [http://c498469.r69.cf2.rackcdn.com/1942/403_schlesinger_zdarsky_aaj1942.pdf "Mathias Zdarsky, the Pioneer of Alpine Skiing"] ''[[American Alpine Journal]]'' pg 403-405 |
* Schlesinger, Paul (1942) [http://c498469.r69.cf2.rackcdn.com/1942/403_schlesinger_zdarsky_aaj1942.pdf "Mathias Zdarsky, the Pioneer of Alpine Skiing"] ''[[American Alpine Journal]]'' pg 403-405 |
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* |
* Ponstingl, Michael (2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100917072111/http://albertina.at/jart/prj3/albertina/main.jart?rel=de&content-id=1207841207919&reserve-mode=active#4''Mathias Zdarskys "Posen des Wissens". Zu einer fotografischen Kodierung des Skifahrens''] (Mathias Zdarskys "Bits of Wisdom". A photographic manual of ski turns), in: Markwart Herzog (ed.), ''Skilauf – Volkssport – Medienzirkus. Skisport als Kulturphänomen'' (Ski Racing - Popular Sport - Media Circus: Sport Skiing as Cultural Phenomenon), Stuttgart: [[Kohlhammer Verlag]], (Irseer Dialogue [Dialogues of Irsee], Bd./vol. 11), pp. 123–149. |
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* Allen, John (2008) [http://skiinghistory.org/history/mathias-zdarsky-father-alpine-skiing "Mathias Zdarsky: The Father of Alpine Skiing"] ''Skiing Heritage Journal'' Vol. 20, No. 1 pp 8–14 |
* Allen, John (2008) [http://skiinghistory.org/history/mathias-zdarsky-father-alpine-skiing "Mathias Zdarsky: The Father of Alpine Skiing"] ''Skiing Heritage Journal'' Vol. 20, No. 1 pp 8–14 |
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* [http://www.lilienfeld.at/gemeindeamt/html/FolderMZneu.pdf Mathias Zdarsky - 1856-1940] from Lilienfeld museum |
* [http://www.lilienfeld.at/gemeindeamt/html/FolderMZneu.pdf Mathias Zdarsky - 1856-1940] from Lilienfeld museum |
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==External links== |
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* {{Austriaforum|AEIOU/Zdarsky%2C_Mathias}} |
* {{Austriaforum|AEIOU/Zdarsky%2C_Mathias}} |
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* [http://members.aon.at/zdarsky Zdarsky ski museum in Lilienfeld, Austria] (in German) |
* [http://members.aon.at/zdarsky Zdarsky ski museum in Lilienfeld, Austria] (in German) |
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[[Category:Austrian mountain climbers]] |
[[Category:Austrian mountain climbers]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Austrian painters]] |
[[Category:19th-century Austrian painters]] |
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[[Category:19th-century male artists]] |
[[Category:19th-century Austrian male artists]] |
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[[Category:Austrian male painters]] |
[[Category:Austrian male painters]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Austrian painters]] |
[[Category:20th-century Austrian painters]] |
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[[Category:Austrian sculptors]] |
[[Category:Austrian sculptors]] |
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[[Category:Austrian male sculptors]] |
[[Category:Austrian male sculptors]] |
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[[Category:20th-century sculptors]] |
[[Category:20th-century sculptors]] |
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[[Category:19th-century sculptors]] |
[[Category:19th-century sculptors]] |
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[[Category:Artists from Austria-Hungary]] |
Latest revision as of 19:52, 18 September 2023
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2016) |
Mathias Zdarsky | |
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Born | |
Died | 20 June 1940 St. Pölten, Austria | (aged 84)
Occupation(s) | Ski instructor, artist |
Known for | "Father of alpine skiing" Inventor of steel ski binding |
Mathias Zdarsky (Czech: Matyáš Žďárský; 25 February 1856 – 20 June 1940) was an early ski pioneer and founder of modern Alpine skiing technique: Arnold Lunn described him as the "father of alpine skiing".[2] He was the first ski instructor in the world.[3] He was also a teacher, painter and sculptor.
Biography
[edit]Zdarsky was born on 25 February 1856 in Kožichovice in Moravia, then Austria-Hungary, present Czech Republic.[4]
Inspired by Norway's Fridtjof Nansen's 1888 crossing of Greenland, he adapted skis for use on alpine terrain. In 1890, he developed a steel binding (the "Lilienfelder Stahlsohlenbindung"), which made steep mountain slopes and gate runs possible. Zdarsky felt the earlier bindings did not hold the foot firmly enough, and so he designed binding with a strong, sprung, steel sole, which is the basis of modern ski bindings.[5] As in the earlier Norwegian skiing, he used only one ski pole. Unlike today, the skier steered by using their elbows.
In January 1905, Zdarsky demonstrated a steep downhill descent, and was among the first to publicize this development in Central Europe. To show the superiority of his ski technology, he skied the "Breite Ries" at Schneeberg, Austria. On 19 March 1905 he organized the first alpine ski race (on the Muckenkogel via Lilienfeld, Austria) (though Crans-Montana in Switzerland had already run the first Kandahar descent race, in January 1901). This event had 24 participants, however it attained little attention beyond ski enthusiasts.[6] In 1922 the Englishman Arnold Lunn invented the shorter, but more difficult slalom race, which had greater appeal.
During World War I, he taught mountain troops skiing and advanced avalanche training. He described his skiing techniques in his book Die Lilienfelder Skilauf-Technik (The Lilienfelder Ski Method). First published in 1897, seventeen editions were published up to 1925. He died in St. Pölten, Austria on 20 June 1940.
Legacy
[edit]During his lifetime, nobody suspected Zdarsky had created the basis for a popular sport, and he was considered something of an eccentric inventor. He is also thought to be the inventor of the bivouac sack.
Honors received include:
- 1905 honorary member of Ski Club of Great Britain
- 1916 Knight's Cross Order of Franz Joseph
- 1931 Gold Medal for Services to the Republic of Austria
- 1936 Cross of the Austrian Order of Merit[7]
- 1937 honorary member of Austrian Ski Association
- 1965 monument in Lilienfeld park[8]
Named in his memory:
- Mount Zdarsky in Antarctica
- 1951 Zdarskyweg in Vienna - Hietzing
- 1977 Zdarskystraße in St. Pölten- Spratzern
- annual Muckenkogel Traisner Hütte mid-March nostalgia ski race
- double black diamond trail at Taos Ski Valley
References
[edit]- ^ 50. Todestag von Mathias Zdarsky at aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at
- ^ Norden, Gilbert (Spring 2001). "Austrian Sport Museums" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. 28 (1): 87–107. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
- ^ "Britannica.com article on Matthias Zdarsky". Retrieved 2006-10-09.
- ^ "Zdarsky, Mathias" at austria-forum.org
- ^ Lund, Morten (1982) "The Father of Alpine Skiing" Ski Vol. 47, No. 4: 46,48,50
- ^ Allen, John (2008) "Mathias_Zdarsky: The Father of Alpine Skiing" Skiing Heritage Vol 20 #1:8-14
- ^ Klien, A. (1957) "Mathias_Zdarsky" in: Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia 1815-1950 (ÖBL). Volume 16, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna ISBN 3-7001-1327-7 S. 451f
- ^ Norden, Gilbert (2009) "Monuments and street names honouring sports personalities" in Local sport in Europe. Proceedings of the 4th EASS conference Waxmann Verlag ISBN 9783830970156 pg 103
General references
[edit]- Zdarsky, Mathias (1897) Lilienfelder Skilauf-Technik Hamburg: Verlagsanst OCLC 601422411
- Schlesinger, Paul (1942) "Mathias Zdarsky, the Pioneer of Alpine Skiing" American Alpine Journal pg 403-405
- Ponstingl, Michael (2005) Mathias Zdarskys "Posen des Wissens". Zu einer fotografischen Kodierung des Skifahrens (Mathias Zdarskys "Bits of Wisdom". A photographic manual of ski turns), in: Markwart Herzog (ed.), Skilauf – Volkssport – Medienzirkus. Skisport als Kulturphänomen (Ski Racing - Popular Sport - Media Circus: Sport Skiing as Cultural Phenomenon), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag, (Irseer Dialogue [Dialogues of Irsee], Bd./vol. 11), pp. 123–149.
- Allen, John (2008) "Mathias Zdarsky: The Father of Alpine Skiing" Skiing Heritage Journal Vol. 20, No. 1 pp 8–14
- Mathias Zdarsky - 1856-1940 from Lilienfeld museum
External links
[edit]- Mathias Zdarsky in Austria-Forum (in German) (at AEIOU)
- Zdarsky ski museum in Lilienfeld, Austria (in German)
- Zdarsky archives (in German)
- Austrian male alpine skiers
- Austrian mountain climbers
- 19th-century Austrian painters
- 19th-century Austrian male artists
- Austrian male painters
- 20th-century Austrian painters
- Austrian sculptors
- Austrian male sculptors
- Czech male alpine skiers
- Czech mountain climbers
- Czech painters
- Czech male painters
- Czech sculptors
- Czech male sculptors
- Austrian people of Czech descent
- People from Třebíč District
- 1856 births
- 1940 deaths
- 20th-century sculptors
- 19th-century sculptors
- 20th-century Austrian male artists
- Artists from Austria-Hungary