Paul L. Freeman Jr.: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military person |
{{Infobox military person |
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|name=Paul L. Freeman |
|name= Paul L. Freeman Jr. |
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|birth_date= {{Birth date|1907|06|29}} |
|birth_date= {{Birth date|1907|06|29}} |
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|placeofburial_label= Place of burial |
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|birth_place= [[Philippines]] |
|birth_place= [[Philippines]] |
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|death_place= [[Monterey California]] |
|death_place= [[Monterey California]] |
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|allegiance=United States |
|allegiance= United States |
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|branch={{army|USA}} |
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|branch= [[United States Army]] |
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|serviceyears= |
|serviceyears= 1929–1967 |
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|rank= |
|rank= [[General (United States)|General]] |
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'''Paul Lamar Freeman |
'''Paul Lamar Freeman Jr.''' (June 29, 1907 – April 17, 1988) was a [[United States Army]] four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, [[United States Army Europe]]/Commander, Central Army Group from 1962 to 1965 and Commanding General, [[Continental Army Command]] from 1965 to 1967. |
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==Military career== |
==Military career== |
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Freeman was born June 29, 1907, in the Philippine Islands, son of Paul Lamar and Emma (Rosenbaum) Freeman. |
[[File:U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara visited Rhein-Main Air Base at Frankfurt Germany.jpg|left|thumb|222x222px|General Paul L. Freeman Jr. welcomed [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert McNamara]] and [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff]] General [[John P. McConnell (general)|John P. McConnell]] during Freeman tenure as [[Commanding General, United States Army Europe|Commanding General]], [[United States Army Europe]], at [[Rhein-Main Air Base|Rhein-Main Air Force Base]] in [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt, Germany]], March 7, 1965.]] |
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Freeman was born June 29, 1907, in the Philippine Islands, son of Paul Lamar and Emma (Rosenbaum) Freeman. He graduated from the [[United States Military Academy]] on June 13, 1929, with a class ranking of 213 and commissioned in the infantry. His first assignment was at [[Fort Sam Houston]] with the [[9th Infantry Regiment (United States)|9th Infantry Regiment]]. While in Texas, he married Mary Ann Fishburn on August 18, 1932, and had one daughter. A month after getting married, he reported to [[Fort Benning]] to attend the Officer's Course at the Infantry School, then was assigned to [[Tianjin]] (then called Tientsin) in China with the [[15th Infantry Regiment (United States)|15th Infantry Regiment]] until 1936. Upon his return to the United States he was assigned to Fort Washington, Maryland and was a company commander in the [[12th Infantry Regiment (United States)|12th Infantry Regiment]], and subsequently returned to Fort Benning for the Tank Course. He then spent a year as company and battalion Maintenance Officer with the 66th Infantry Regiment. |
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⚫ | At the time of the United States entry into World War II, Freeman was in China again, in [[Beijing]] as a language student and concurrently as Assistant Military Attaché at the American embassy. |
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⚫ | At the time of the United States entry into World War II, Freeman was in China again, in [[Beijing]] as a language student and concurrently as Assistant Military Attaché at the American embassy. Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was assigned to the [[United States Military Mission to China]], and a few months later reassigned to the staff of the [[China Burma India Theater of World War II|China India Burma Theater]] as an instructor to Chinese and Indian Armies. He remained on the theater staff until September 1943, when he returned to Washington D.C., as a staff officer. Towards the end of the war in late 1944, he was sent to [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil as Director of Arms Training for the [[Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission]], a position he held until October 1947. He returned to the Army General Staff in Washington D.C., working in the Latin American Branch of the Plans and Operating Division, then from 1948 to 1950, served as a member of the Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission, and was also a member of the United States Army delegation to the [[Inter-American Defense Board]]. |
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⚫ | With the outbreak of the Korean War, |
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⚫ | With the outbreak of the [[Korean War]], Freeman was deployed to that theater as the Commander of the [[23rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|23rd Infantry Regiment]] in the [[2nd Infantry Division (United States)|2nd Infantry Division]]. He led the regiment in the [[Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River#The Gauntlet|retreat from Kunu-ri]] in November 1950. In early February he led the 23rd Regimental Combat Team in the [[Battle of the Twin Tunnels]] on 1 February 1951 and then at [[Battle of Chipyong-ni]] from 13 to 15 February 1951. At Chipyong-ni the 23rd RCT was cut off and surrounded by elements of five Chinese divisions, which launched fanatical all-out assaults against them. He was wounded on the first night of the engagement by mortar shrapnel in his left calf. Although he expected to return to the 23rd Infantry Regiment after his wounds healed, he did not resume command of the regiment, having been returned to the US to recover. |
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Returning from the war, he attended the [[National War College]], graduating in 1952. |
Returning from the war, he attended the [[National War College]], graduating in 1952. In 1955, he assumed command of the 2nd Infantry Division, and in 1956 took command of the [[4th Infantry Division (United States)|4th Infantry Division]], at that time stationed at [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis]], Washington. After his second division command ended in 1957, he served as Senior Army Member to the Weapons System Evaluation Group in Washington D.C. He was named Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces (CONARC) in 1960. On May 1, 1962 he received his fourth star, and assumed duties as Commander in Chief, [[United States Army Europe]]/Commander, Central Army Group, serving in that capacity until 1965. His final assignment was Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command from 1965 to 1967. |
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Freeman retired from the |
Freeman retired from the army in 1967, and died in [[Monterey California]] on April 17, 1988. |
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==Awards and decorations== |
==Awards and decorations== |
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;Badges |
;Badges |
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*[[File:CIB2.png|60px]] [[Combat Infantryman Badge]] with |
*[[File:CIB2.png|60px]] [[Combat Infantryman Badge]] with second award |
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*[[File:US Army Airborne basic parachutist badge.gif|60px]] [[Parachutist Badge]] |
*[[File:US Army Airborne basic parachutist badge.gif|60px]] [[Parachutist Badge]] |
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*[[File:United States Army Staff Identification Badge.png|60px]] [[Army Staff Identification Badge]] |
*[[File:United States Army Staff Identification Badge.png|60px]] [[Army Staff Identification Badge]] |
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;Decorations |
;Decorations |
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*[[File:US-DSC-RIBBON.png|60px]] [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] |
*[[File:US-DSC-RIBBON.png|60px]] [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] |
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*[[File:Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[ |
*[[File:Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Army Distinguished Service Medal]] |
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*[[File:SilverStar.gif|60px]] [[Silver Star]] with one [[Oak Leaf Cluster|oak leaf cluster]] |
*[[File:SilverStar.gif|60px]] [[Silver Star]] with one [[Oak Leaf Cluster|oak leaf cluster]] |
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*[[File:Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Legion of Merit]] |
*[[File:Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Legion of Merit]] |
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*[[File:Bronze Star ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Bronze Star Medal |
*[[File:Bronze Star ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Bronze Star Medal]] with three oak leaf clusters and "V" device |
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*[[File:Air Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Air Medal]] |
*[[File:Air Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Air Medal]] |
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*[[File:Purple Heart ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Purple Heart]] |
*[[File:Purple Heart ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Purple Heart]] |
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;Service Medals |
;Service Medals |
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*[[File:American Defense Service ribbon.svg|60px]] [[American Defense Service Medal]] with star |
*[[File:American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[American Defense Service Medal]] with star |
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*[[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[American Campaign Medal]] |
*[[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[American Campaign Medal]] |
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*[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with four campaign stars and arrowhead device |
*[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with four campaign stars and arrowhead device |
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*[[File:Army of Occupation ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Army of Occupation Medal]] |
*[[File:Army of Occupation ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Army of Occupation Medal]] |
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*[[File:National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[National Defense Service Medal]] with star |
*[[File:National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[National Defense Service Medal]] with star |
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*[[File: |
*[[File:Korean Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Korean Service Medal]] with four campaign stars |
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;Foreign Awards |
;Foreign Awards |
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* [[File:Ordem do mérito militar.png|60px]] [[Order of Military Merit (Brazil)|Brazilian Order of Military Merit]] (Ordem do Mérito Militar) |
* [[File:Ordem do mérito militar.png|60px]] [[Order of Military Merit (Brazil)|Brazilian Order of Military Merit]] (Ordem do Mérito Militar) |
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*[[File: |
*[[File:Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg|60px]] [[French Legion of Honor]] in degree of commander |
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*[[File:Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with palm (France) - ribbon bar.png|60px]] [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)|French Croix de Guerre]] with palm |
*[[File:Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with palm (France) - ribbon bar.png|60px]] [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)|French Croix de Guerre]] with palm |
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*[[File:Phliber rib. |
*[[File:Phliber rib.svg|60px]] [[Philippine Liberation Medal]] with two stars |
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*[[File:United Nations |
*[[File:United Nations Service Medal Korea ribbon.svg|60px]] [[United Nations Korea Medal]] |
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;Unit Awards |
;Unit Awards |
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*[[File:United States Army and U.S. Air Force Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg|60px|Army and Air Force P.U.C.]] [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Army Presidential Unit Citation]] |
*[[File:United States Army and U.S. Air Force Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg|60px|Army and Air Force P.U.C.]] [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Army Presidential Unit Citation]] |
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*[[File:Philippines Presidential Unit Citation.png|60px]] [[Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines)]] |
*[[File:Philippines Presidential Unit Citation.png|60px]] [[Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines)]] |
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*[[File:Korean Presidential Unit Citation.png|60px]] [[Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation]] |
*[[File:Korean Presidential Unit Citation.png|60px]] [[Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation]] |
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==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite book|author=David Halberstam|title=''The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War''| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2WCZAAAAQBAJ |date=25 September 2007|publisher=Hachette Books|isbn=978-1-4013-8964-2}} |
* {{cite book|author=David Halberstam|title=''The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War''| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2WCZAAAAQBAJ |date=25 September 2007|publisher=Hachette Books|isbn=978-1-4013-8964-2}} |
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*[http://www.militariamuseum.com/collection/Freeman/freeman.htm Militaria Museum fact sheet] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020610062924/http://www.militariamuseum.com/collection/Freeman/freeman.htm Militaria Museum fact sheet] |
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{{s-mil}} |
{{s-mil}} |
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{{succession box |
{{succession box |
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| title=Commanding General of |
| title=Commanding General of [[United States Army Europe]] |
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| before= [[Bruce C. Clarke]] |
| before= [[Bruce C. Clarke]] |
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| years= 1 May 1962 to 18 March 1965 |
| years= 1 May 1962 to 18 March 1965 |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman, Paul L. |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman, Paul L. Jr.}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]] |
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[[Category:1907 births]] |
[[Category:1907 births]] |
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[[Category:1988 deaths]] |
[[Category:1988 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War II]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the Korean War]] |
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[[Category:United States Army generals]] |
[[Category:United States Army generals]] |
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[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]] |
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal ( |
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de |
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil)]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil)]] |
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[[Category:National War College alumni]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel from California]] |
Revision as of 07:40, 11 February 2024
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2015) |
Paul L. Freeman Jr. | |
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Born | Philippines | June 29, 1907
Died | April 17, 1988 Monterey California | (aged 80)
Allegiance | United States |
Service | United States Army |
Years of service | 1929–1967 |
Rank | General |
Commands | United States Army Europe Continental Army Command 4th Infantry Division 2nd Infantry Division 23rd Infantry Regiment |
Battles / wars | World War II Korean War Vietnam War |
Awards | Distinguished Service Cross Army Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal "V" device (4) Air Medal Purple Heart |
Paul Lamar Freeman Jr. (June 29, 1907 – April 17, 1988) was a United States Army four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, United States Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group from 1962 to 1965 and Commanding General, Continental Army Command from 1965 to 1967.
Military career
Freeman was born June 29, 1907, in the Philippine Islands, son of Paul Lamar and Emma (Rosenbaum) Freeman. He graduated from the United States Military Academy on June 13, 1929, with a class ranking of 213 and commissioned in the infantry. His first assignment was at Fort Sam Houston with the 9th Infantry Regiment. While in Texas, he married Mary Ann Fishburn on August 18, 1932, and had one daughter. A month after getting married, he reported to Fort Benning to attend the Officer's Course at the Infantry School, then was assigned to Tianjin (then called Tientsin) in China with the 15th Infantry Regiment until 1936. Upon his return to the United States he was assigned to Fort Washington, Maryland and was a company commander in the 12th Infantry Regiment, and subsequently returned to Fort Benning for the Tank Course. He then spent a year as company and battalion Maintenance Officer with the 66th Infantry Regiment.
At the time of the United States entry into World War II, Freeman was in China again, in Beijing as a language student and concurrently as Assistant Military Attaché at the American embassy. Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was assigned to the United States Military Mission to China, and a few months later reassigned to the staff of the China India Burma Theater as an instructor to Chinese and Indian Armies. He remained on the theater staff until September 1943, when he returned to Washington D.C., as a staff officer. Towards the end of the war in late 1944, he was sent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as Director of Arms Training for the Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission, a position he held until October 1947. He returned to the Army General Staff in Washington D.C., working in the Latin American Branch of the Plans and Operating Division, then from 1948 to 1950, served as a member of the Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission, and was also a member of the United States Army delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board.
With the outbreak of the Korean War, Freeman was deployed to that theater as the Commander of the 23rd Infantry Regiment in the 2nd Infantry Division. He led the regiment in the retreat from Kunu-ri in November 1950. In early February he led the 23rd Regimental Combat Team in the Battle of the Twin Tunnels on 1 February 1951 and then at Battle of Chipyong-ni from 13 to 15 February 1951. At Chipyong-ni the 23rd RCT was cut off and surrounded by elements of five Chinese divisions, which launched fanatical all-out assaults against them. He was wounded on the first night of the engagement by mortar shrapnel in his left calf. Although he expected to return to the 23rd Infantry Regiment after his wounds healed, he did not resume command of the regiment, having been returned to the US to recover.
Returning from the war, he attended the National War College, graduating in 1952. In 1955, he assumed command of the 2nd Infantry Division, and in 1956 took command of the 4th Infantry Division, at that time stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington. After his second division command ended in 1957, he served as Senior Army Member to the Weapons System Evaluation Group in Washington D.C. He was named Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces (CONARC) in 1960. On May 1, 1962 he received his fourth star, and assumed duties as Commander in Chief, United States Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group, serving in that capacity until 1965. His final assignment was Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command from 1965 to 1967.
Freeman retired from the army in 1967, and died in Monterey California on April 17, 1988.
Awards and decorations
- Badges
- Combat Infantryman Badge with second award
- Parachutist Badge
- Army Staff Identification Badge
- Decorations
- Distinguished Service Cross
- Army Distinguished Service Medal
- Silver Star with one oak leaf cluster
- Legion of Merit
- Bronze Star Medal with three oak leaf clusters and "V" device
- Air Medal
- Purple Heart
- Service Medals
- American Defense Service Medal with star
- American Campaign Medal
- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four campaign stars and arrowhead device
- World War II Victory Medal
- Army of Occupation Medal
- National Defense Service Medal with star
- Korean Service Medal with four campaign stars
- Foreign Awards
- Brazilian Order of Military Merit (Ordem do Mérito Militar)
- French Legion of Honor in degree of commander
- French Croix de Guerre with palm
- Philippine Liberation Medal with two stars
- United Nations Korea Medal
- Unit Awards
- Army Presidential Unit Citation
- Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines)
- Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
References
External links
- Blair, Clay (2003). The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591140757. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- Blair, Clay (Dec 12, 1987). The forgotten war: America in Korea, 1950. Times Books. ISBN 0812916700. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- David Halberstam (25 September 2007). The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-1-4013-8964-2.
- Militaria Museum fact sheet
- Knights of the Legion of Honour
- 1907 births
- 1988 deaths
- United States Army personnel of World War II
- United States Army personnel of the Korean War
- United States Army generals
- United States Military Academy alumni
- Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
- Recipients of the Legion of Merit
- Recipients of the Silver Star
- Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
- Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
- Recipients of the Air Medal
- Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil)
- People from Monterey, California
- National War College alumni
- Military personnel from California