Dervish Cara: Difference between revisions
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'''Dervish Cara''' was an [[Albania|Albanian]] revolutionary leader known for his role in the [[Albanian Revolt of 1844]], a revolt also known by his name as "the [[Uprising of Dervish Cara]]". |
'''Dervish Cara''' was an [[Albania|Albanian]] revolutionary leader known for his role in the [[Albanian Revolt of 1844]], a revolt also known by his name as "the [[Uprising of Dervish Cara]]".<ref name="Sud-Est p.176">La Question Nationale En Europe Du Sud-Est: Genese, Emergence Et Développement de L'Identite Nationale Albanaise Au Kosovo Et En Macedoine Author Bashkim Iseni Publisher Peter Lang, 2008 {{ISBN|3039113208}}, 9783039113200 p.176</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tetova.gov.mk/en/press/406.html |title=Tetovo |access-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106112104/http://www.tetova.gov.mk/en/press/406.html |archive-date=2010-11-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opposition Seeks Court Ruling on Skopje Street Names|author= Sinisa Jakov Marusic|url= http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/constitutional-court-to-evaluate-skopje-s-street-renaming-bid|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> |
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{{Copyvio |fullpage=false |timestamp=20240615060926 |url=[[Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations/Tetovario]]}} |
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==Biography== |
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===Background=== |
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===Tanzimat reforms=== |
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===The revolt=== |
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{{main|Albanian Revolt of 1843–1844}}A Great Council was formed and led by Dervish Cara, which was the supreme body of the newly created administration in the liberated territories. In February 1844 the rebels liberated [[Kumanovo]]. After Kumonovo the rebels liberated [[Preshevo]], [[Bujanovc]], [[Vranje]], [[Leskovac|Leskofça]] and other territories in North Kosovo. The rebellion was spread out in [[Peć|İpek]], [[Yakova]], Prizren and [[Shkodër|İşkodra]], while in the spring of 1844 the territory of the rebellion was from [[Ohrid|Ohri]] and [[Manastır]] in the south, İşkodra in west, North Kosovo in North and Kumanovo in east.<ref name="Albanische Geschichte"/> The rebels sent a letter to the Albanians of [[Sanjak of Yanina]] recalling them brothers and asking them not to fight for the Ottoman army.<ref name="Sud-Est p.176">La Question Nationale En Europe Du Sud-Est: Genese, Emergence Et Développement de L'Identite Nationale Albanaise Au Kosovo Et En Macedoine Author Bashkim Iseni Publisher Peter Lang, 2008 {{ISBN|3039113208}}, 9783039113200 p.176</ref> |
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During a brief pause in the fighting, the [[Sublime Porte]] tried to end the rebellion through negotiations. Dervish Cara requested that Albanians be exempt from the law of the Ottoman army, under which all Muslims were forced to serve in the regular army ([[Nizam-ı Cedid|Nizam]]); stop the replacement of Ottoman local government officials (who were Albanians or spoke Albanian) with Turkish officials brought from [[Anatolia]], who knew neither the language and customs; and the recognition of Albanian autonomy within the Ottoman Empire, as was recognized the autonomy of Serbia in 1830.<ref name="Sud-Est p.176"/> The Sublime Porte did not accept the terms and countered with their own. They offered that amnesty would be given to the rebels as well as abolishment of the new taxes and the postponement of the recruitment process which would become voluntary in the future. However, the rebels must hand over their armaments to the Ottoman commander in chief Omer Pasha and no Albanian autonomy with in the empire.<ref name="Sud-Est p.176"/> Cara refused the offer and fighting resumed. |
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During negotiations [[Omer Pasha]], Governor of Lebanon, led an army of 30000 men towards Monastir. The first resistance to Omer Pasha's forces was in [[Kicevo]], though resistance did not last as Ottoman forces pushed back the rebels into their strongholds in Uskub, Kumanovo and Kalkandelen.<ref name="Albanische Geschichte"/> After Gostivar fell, Omer Pasha directed all forces to Kalandelen to crush the rebellion. As to not underestimate Dervish Cara and his feats, Omar Pasha armed his forces with heavy artillery and shelled the stronghold. The battle lasted from May to September 1844, resulting in the capture of Kalkandelen and Dervish Cara.<ref name="Albanische Geschichte"/> |
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===The aftermath=== |
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Dervish Cara was sentenced to death by the Ottoman Porte, but the sentence was later reduced to a lifetime sentence. He died in the Ottoman prisons.<ref>Studia Albanica, Volume 26 Authors Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës. Instituti i Historisë (Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë), Publisher L'Institut, 1989</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
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Dervish Cara inspired the rebels in Debar and İşkodra to continue. A school is named after him in Palcište and the work of paving the road “Dervish Cara” has started in Tetovo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tetova.gov.mk/en/press/406.html |title=Tetovo |access-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106112104/http://www.tetova.gov.mk/en/press/406.html |archive-date=2010-11-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a bid to rename many streets in Macedonia's capital, Skopje, Dervish Cara name has been suggested by the Albanian political parties.<ref>{{cite web|title=Opposition Seeks Court Ruling on Skopje Street Names|author= Sinisa Jakov Marusic|url= http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/constitutional-court-to-evaluate-skopje-s-street-renaming-bid|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 11:02, 22 June 2024
Dervish Cara | |
|---|---|
Dervish Carë | |
| Born | Early 19th century Palçishte, Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | Late 19th century Istanbul, Ottoman Empire |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Occupation | Revolutionary |
| Known for | Leader of the Albanian Revolt of 1843–1844. Also known as the Uprising of Dervish Cara[1][2] |
| Movement | Albanian National Awakening |
| Opponent | Ottoman Empire |
| Criminal charge | High treason against Sultan Abdülmecid I |
| Criminal penalty | Sentenced to death; later reduced to lifetime imprisonment |
Dervish Cara was an Albanian revolutionary leader known for his role in the Albanian Revolt of 1844, a revolt also known by his name as "the Uprising of Dervish Cara".[3][4][5]
References
[edit]- ^ The Albanians: a modern history Author Miranda Vickers Edition 3, revised, illustrated, reprint Publisher I.B.Tauris, 1999 ISBN 1860645410, 9781860645419 p.25
- ^ Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung Volume 140 of Südosteuropäische Arbeiten Authors Oliver Jens Schmitt, Eva Anne Frantz Editors Oliver Jens Schmitt, Eva Anne Frantz Publisher Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009 ISBN 3486589806, 9783486589801 p. 168
- ^ La Question Nationale En Europe Du Sud-Est: Genese, Emergence Et Développement de L'Identite Nationale Albanaise Au Kosovo Et En Macedoine Author Bashkim Iseni Publisher Peter Lang, 2008 ISBN 3039113208, 9783039113200 p.176
- ^ "Tetovo". Archived from the original on 2010-11-06. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Sinisa Jakov Marusic. "Opposition Seeks Court Ruling on Skopje Street Names". Retrieved 16 April 2012.