Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco: Difference between revisions

Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco
	; Map of the Regency of Algiers
Date	1550-1795
Location	Morocco, Western Algeria
Result	• Moroccan forces defeated and fail in establishing rule over Tlemcen on four separate occasions ; • Annexation and recognition of Ottoman-Algerian sovereignty in eastern Morocco in the 17th century ; • Regency of Algiers conquer Fez in 1554 and the Rif in 1792
Belligerents
Regency of Algiers; Zayyanids; (16th century); Kingdom of Beni Abbas ; Kingdom of Kuku	Saadi dynasty; (1559 – 1660); Alaouite dynasty; (1559 – 1795); Spanish Empire

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Revision as of 16:13, 11 April 2021

Between 1550 and 1795, there were a series of wars between the regency of Algiers and its allies—local sultanates or tribal confederations—and the Sherifian dynasties (Saadians and Alawites) that ruled Morocco. The origins of these conflicts are multiple and overlapping. The state-owned enterprise of the regency of Algiers in the central Maghreb around Algiers as a new political center and its integration with the Ottoman Empire (in 1520) was at the expense of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen in the west. The latter in recurrent conflicts at the beginning of the sixteenth century with the regency on the one hand and the Spaniards on the other end up seeing their domain integrated with the regency.^[6] Their weakening stirred the Saadian lusts and their claim on the western Algerian. If the regency of Algiers confirms its control over Tlemcen and Orania it does not have the means to launch long campaigns in the Saharan confines that it delegates to various tribal confederations like the Ouled Sidi Cheikh.^[7] The Saadians were blocked to the north by the Spanish Empire and the Regency of Algiers then find a South-Saharan outlet for the extension of their Empire. These conflicts and the resulting agreements foreshadow the borders and delimitations between the modern nation-states of the Maghreb.^[8]

Notable battles

References

^ Martinière, Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La; Lacroix, Napoléon (1894). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon (in French). Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes
^ The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3 - J. D. Fage: Pg 406
^ Politica e diritto nelle interrelazioni di Solimano il Magnifico
^ Mers el Kébir: la rade au destin tourmenté
^ Morocco in the Reign of Mawlay Sulayman‬‪Mohamed El Mansour‬Middle East & North African Studies Press
^ Boyer 1966, pp. 11–49.
^ Bellil 1999, p. 125. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFBellil1999 (help)
^ Chenntouf 1999, pp. 191–206.

Bibliography

Bellil, Rachid (1999-01-01). Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algérien) (in French). Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042907218. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Cour, Auguste (2004-01-01). L'établissement des dynasties des Chérifs au Maroc et leur rivalité avec les Turcs de la Régence d'Alger: 1509-1830 (in French). Editions Bouchène. ISBN 9782912946782. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Boyer, Pierre (1966). "Contribution à l'étude de la politique religieuse des Turcs dans la Régence d'Alger (XVIe-XIXe siècles)". Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée (in French). 1 (1): 11–49. doi:10.3406/remmm.1966.910. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bellil, Rachid (1999-01-01). Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algérien) (in French). Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042907218. Retrieved 2016-09-11. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Chenntouf, Tayeb (1999). La dynamique de la frontière au Maghreb (in French). UNESCO. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

[1] Martinière, Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La; Lacroix, Napoléon (1894). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon (in French). Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes

[2] The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3 - J. D. Fage: Pg 406

[3] Politica e diritto nelle interrelazioni di Solimano il Magnifico

[4] Mers el Kébir: la rade au destin tourmenté

[5] Morocco in the Reign of Mawlay Sulayman‬‪Mohamed El Mansour‬Middle East & North African Studies Press

[FOOTNOTEBoyer196611–49-6] Boyer 1966, pp. 11–49.

[FOOTNOTEBellil1999125-7] Bellil 1999, p. 125. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFBellil1999 (help)

[FOOTNOTEChenntouf1999191–206-8] Chenntouf 1999, pp. 191–206.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | partof            =
 | place             = [[Morocco]], Western [[Algeria]]
-| image             = Algiers Army.jpg
+| image             = [[File:Regency of Algiers 15th-18th Century.jpg|300px]]
-| caption           = The troops of the regency of Algiers allied to the kingdom of Ait Abbes marching towards Oranie
+| caption           = Map of the Regency of Algiers
 | date              = 1550-1795
+| result            = • Moroccan forces defeated and fail in establishing rule over Tlemcen on four separate occasions <br> • Annexation and recognition of Ottoman-Algerian sovereignty in eastern Morocco in the 17th century <ref>Martinière, Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La; Lacroix, Napoléon (1894). [https://books.google.fr/books?id=oT46AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon] (in French). Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes</ref> <br> • Regency of Algiers conquer Fez in 1554 <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=V7qpKqM2Ji8C&pg=PA406 The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3] - J. D. Fage: Pg 406</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xBVIAAAAMAAJ&q=salah+reis+%22fez%22&dq=salah+reis+%22fez%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7kuLj3fHvAhUvD2MBHXC3AUU4KBDoATAIegQIBBAD Politica e diritto nelle interrelazioni di Solimano il Magnifico]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SjUMAQAAIAAJ&q=salah+reis+%221554%22&dq=salah+reis+%221554%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYm5uS3vHvAhUm_7sIHUDcB60Q6AEwCHoECAgQAw Mers el Kébir: la rade au destin tourmenté]</ref> and the Rif in 1792<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WQFyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22oujda%22+%221792%22&dq=%22oujda%22+%221792%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIoe760rjvAhV-TxUIHQnIDCgQ6AEwAHoECAQQAw Morocco in the Reign of Mawlay Sulayman‬‪Mohamed El Mansour‬Middle East & North African Studies Press]</ref>
-| result            = Fixing of the boundaries between the two belligerents at the Wadi Kiss at (18th century)
-| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg}} [[Regency of Algiers]]<br/> {{flagicon image|Flag of the kingdom of tlemcen.svg}} [[Zayyanids]]<br><small>(16th century)</small><br/> [[File:Drapeau des seigneurs de la Medjana.png|20px]] [[Kingdom of Ait Abbas|Kingdom of Beni Abbas]]
+| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg}} [[Regency of Algiers]]<br/> {{flagicon image|Flag of the kingdom of tlemcen.svg}} [[Zayyanids]]<br><small>(16th century)</small><br/> [[File:Drapeau des seigneurs de la Medjana.png|20px]] [[Kingdom of Ait Abbas|Kingdom of Beni Abbas]] <br> [[File:F1_yellow_flag.svg|23px|Flag of Kingdom of Kuku]] [[Kingdom of Kuku]]
 | combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Morocco_(1258-1659).svg}} [[Saadi dynasty]]<br><small>(1559 – 1660)</small><br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Morocco (1666–1915).svg}} [[Alaouite dynasty]]<br><small>(1559 – 1795)</small><br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg}} [[Spanish Empire]]
 }}