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'''Gürdal Duyar''' (20 August 1935, [[Istanbul]] – 18 April 2004, Istanbul), was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] sculptor.
'''Gürdal Duyar''' (20 August 1935, [[Istanbul]] – 18 April 2004, Istanbul), was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] sculptor. He is known for his [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Atatürk]] monuments as well as for busts of other colorful creatives in soceity. He is known as one of the pioneers of [[abstract sculpture]] in Turkey, as well as for the fusion of [[reality|realistic]] and [[Abstract art|abstract]] [[System|elements]].


[[File:Abdi İpekçi Anıtı (2).JPG|thumb|right|The Abdi İpekçi monument – [[İstanbul]]]]
He is known for his [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Atatürk]] monuments as well as for busts of other colorful figures.


Duyar is known as one of the pioneers of [[abstract sculpture]] in Turkey, as well as for the fusion of [[reality|realistic]] and [[Abstract art|abstract]] [[System|elements]].{{sfn|Türkçe Bilgi||p=}}


[[File:Abdi İpekçi Anıtı (2).JPG|thumb|right|The Abdi İpekçi monument – [[İstanbul]]]]


Born in 1935 in Istanbul, after finishing his middleschool education at İstanbul Haydarpaşa school, he started to attend high school level classes at [[Istanbul State Fine Arts Academy]] (İDGSA) in the sculpture department.{{sfn|EdebiyatSanat.com||p=}} At the academy he first worked with German sculptor [[Rudolf Belling]] and later in the studio of [[Ali Hadi Bara]]. He graduated in 1959 and continued free lance from then on.
== Life ==
He was born in 1935 in Istanbul. After he finished his middleschool education at İstanbul Haydarpaşa school he started to attend high school level classes at [[Istanbul State Fine Arts Academy]] (İDGSA) in the sculpture department.{{sfn|EdebiyatSanat.com||p=}} At the academy he first worked with German sculptor [[Rudolf Belling]] and later in the studio of [[Ali Hadi Bara]]. He graduated in 1959 and continued free lance from then on.


After graduating he spent some time in [[France]], [[Belgium]] and [[Switzerland]] where he worked on sculpture and studied architecture, working with sculptor Leon Perrain he developed his stone work skills.{{sfn|Sezer|2004|p=}}
After graduating he spent some time in [[France]], [[Belgium]] and [[Switzerland]] where he worked on sculpture and studied architecture, working with sculptor Leon Perrain he developed his stone work skills.{{sfn|Sezer|2004|p=}}
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On 18 April 2004 he died from lung cancer. His funeral was at [[Zincirlikuyu Cemetery]].
On 18 April 2004 he died from lung cancer. His funeral was at [[Zincirlikuyu Cemetery]].



==Career==
Duyar was well known for his [[Monument|monumental]] works of [[Atatürk]] and [[Bust (sculpture) |busts]] or sculpted [[Portrait|portraits]] of interesting and influential people.
He was the first sculptor to, at the age of 19, have their [[sculpture]] put in the [[State Art and Sculpture Museum|State Painting and Sculpture Museum]]. Other than sculpture he also worked in the fields of [[painting]] and [[architecture]].
{{sfn|Kuzucular|2012|p=}} Duyar is known as one of the pioneers of [[abstract sculpture]] in [[Turkish sculpture|Turkey]], as well as for the fusion of [[reality|realistic]] and [[Abstract art|abstract]] [[System|elements]].{{sfn|Türkçe Bilgi||p=}}

He participated in several exhibitions, including one at the Taksim Art Gallery in 1968 alongside painter Duran Karaca,{{sfn|Akyunak|1968|p=25}} the only personal exposition he opened for a while was also in 1968. In 1985 he opened an exposition containing almost 30 years of work including 6 drawings and 16 busts, 30 figures and 60 never before expositioned oil paintings.{{sfn|Köksal|1985|p=8}} He is a member of the ''Türkiye Yüksek Heykeltıraşlar Cemiyeti'' (High Turkish Sculptors Society). He was among the sculptors who won the 1964 [[Milliyet|Milliyet newspaper]]s project competition during the campaign to have Atatürk sculptures made for every one of the [[provinces of Turkey]].{{sfn|TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ|1984|p=1869–1870}}

Since he started making sculptures, his ability to capture the character of his subjects and the balance in his compositions with his infallible fine arts technique was notable.{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar’ın heykeli|2000}}{{sfn|Akyunak|1968|p=25}}

Duyar was a student of [[Zühtü Müridoğlu]] and [[Ali Hadi Bara|Hadi Bara]], along with other well known names such as [[Kuzgun Acar]], [[Ali Teoman Germaner]], [[Füsun Onur]] and [[Tamer Başoğlu]], who all developed the art of sculpture on their own fronts to a more dynamic and expanded art form.{{sfn|Sülün|2012}}.

==Major Works==
===''Uşak Atatürk Monument (1965)''===
Duyar shows importance to mass and texture, a trait that comes across especially in his busts. He also applied this ideal to his [[Uşak]] [[Atatürk]] statue. This resulted in an Atatürk statue that was divergent from typical Atatürk statues of the time which were of a more established academic style. {{sfn|Atatürk için yapılan Anıtlar}} {{sfn|ATATÜRK ANITLARI}} The monument statue towers at {{convert|7.5|m|ft}}. It was originally located in a park which also has the a [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|monument to the unknown soldier]] created by Duyar.{{sfn|TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ|1984|p=1869–1870}}

===''Atatürk ve Madencilik Anıtı'' (1971)===
The ''Atatürk ve Madencilik Anıtı'' (Ataturk and Mining monument),an Ataturk monument{{sfn|Ankara’nın Tarihsel Eserleri Nelerdir?}} that stands in the garden of the [[General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (Turkey)|MTA]] in [[Ankara]],{{sfn|ATATÜRK ANITLARI}} was unveiled in 1971.{{sfn|TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ|1984|p=1869–1870}} It responds to classic monumental sculpture ideals.{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar Kimdir, Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkinda Bilgi}}

[[File:Güzel İstanbul Heykeli.jpg|thumb|left|[[Güzel İstanbul]] sculpture in [[Yıldız Park]]]]

===''Güzel İstanbul'' (1974)===
In 1973 he was chosen as one of 20 sculptors, in the ''“İstanbul’da 20 Heykel Projesi”''{{sfn|Yaman|2011|p=68}}, to create a sculpture in honor of the 50th anniversary of the [[Turkish Republic]]. In response, Duyar sculpted, "[[Güzel İstanbul|Beautiful Istanbul]]", which is considered as one of Turkeys most beautiful sculptures. His sculpture depicts Istanbul as a nude woman, exposed and leaning back, with her head tilted back. Her arms are bound by a chain which represents the chain constructed by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] closing off the [[Golden Horn]], the primary inlet from the Bosphorus to old Istanbul (Constantinople), blocking Naval access to the Ottoman fleet {{sfn|Türkiye’nin en güzel 10 heykeli|2008}}. The figure depicts her in the motion of breaking those chains that bind her, Istanbul, and is said to have a dual meaning of both representing the [[Conquest of Constantinople|liberation of Istanbul from the Byzantine yoke]] as well as the emancipation of women. The sculpture was erected in [[Karaköy]] square in 1974 by the celebration committee. In the political climate of the time it was considered indecent by some and it was eventually moved to the [[Yıldız Park]].{{sfn|Sürgündeki Heykel: Güzel İstanbul [Saray]|2013}}{{sfn|Antmen|2009|p=367}}{{sfn|‘Güzel İstanbul’un 34 Yıllık Esareti|2008}}

===''Şairler Sofası'' (1998)===

The ''Şairler Sofası'' [[Hall of Poets Park|(Hall of Poets)]] park, within [[Vişnezade]] park, is the home of Duyar's sculpture of the same name. Included in this sculpture are the poets [[Behçet Necatigil]], [[Sabahattin Kudret Aksal]], [[Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı]], [[Oktay Rıfat]], [[Orhan Veli]], [[Neyzen Tevfik]] and [[Nigâr Hanım]].{{sfn|Demir|1998}}

[[File:Abdi_İpekçi_Anıtı.JPG|thumb|left|[[Abdi İpekçi | Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument]] on [[Abdi İpekçi Street]], [[Istanbul]]]]

===Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument (2000)===
In memorial to [[Abdi İpekçi]], the municipality gave the task of creating a monument which would be erected in the place where the journalist was killed. A 3.5 meter monument was created which consists of a 70 centimeter high granite base supporting the sculpture created by Duyar. It depicts two students, one boy and one girl, holding a bust of İpekçi with a dove on the top of an arch symbolizing peace. On 1 February 2000 the statue was erected by the [[Şişli]] municipality in [[Nişantaşı]] on what is now called the [[Abdi İpekçi Avenue]].
{{sfn|Abdi İpekçi ilkeleriyle anılacak|2000}}

[[File:Necati_Cumali_by_Gurdal_Duyar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Necati Cumalı]] statue in [[Vişnezade]] park]]

===Necati Cumalı (2002)===
The ''Şairler Sofası'' park, which is home to statues of poets who had lived around [[Beşiktaş]] also contains Duyar's [[bronze]] {{sfn|Açık Alan Heykelleri|2016}} statue of poet and author [[Necati Cumalı]] which was unveiled in 2002.{{sfn|Cangül|2014}} {{sfn|Sezer|Özyalçıner|2010}} It was unveiled on January 13 on the 81st anniversary of Cumalıs birth. Duyar finished the statue, which was commissioned by the [[Beşiktaş]] Municipality and sponsored by the [[Türkiye İş Bankası]] in one year. The ceremony was attended by Beşiktaş Municipal Mayor Yusuf Namoğlu, Cumalıs wife Berrin Cumalı, former [[Republican People's Party (Turkey)|CHP]] [[Member of parliament|MP]] Ercan Karakaş, actor in some of Cumalıs plays [[Müjde Ar]] and Duyar himself. Cumalıs wife Berrin expressed her feeling about the statue stating that Cumalı was "''born again today''". She also noted how her figure and a rose were portrayed in the statue, "''a notion of the love connection between her and Cumalı''". {{sfn|Demir|2002}}

===Other Works===
In 1962 he made a 1.5 meter bust of [[Atatürk]] as requested by the [[Düzce]] municipality.{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar Kimdir, Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkinda Bilgi}}

Around 1972 he made a sculpture of [[Borazan İsmail Çavuş|Borazan İsmail]], the [[Gallipoli Campaign|Çanakkale]] and [[Turkish War of Independence|Independence War]] hero. This was for the town of [[Burhaniye]], which the hero had saved from destruction during the latter of the wars. The statue was removed around 1992 by the mayor at the time.{{sfn|Özgentürk|1995}}{{sfn|Özgentürk|2004}}

In 1976 a monument of [[Atatürk]] depicting the [[Turkish War of Independence|War of Liberation]] that Duyar made for [[Kayseri]] square was breaking away from the classical style and was prevented from being erected.{{sfn|Özgentürk|2004}}

Several years prior to 1995 he had also made a sculpture of the composer [[Tanburi Cemil Bey]] which should have been located at the [[Emirgan Park#White Pavilion|White Villa]] in Emirgan Park. However it was missing on his visit to the park around November of 1995. {{sfn|Özgentürk|1995}} It was removed at the behest of a manager.{{sfn|Özgentürk|2004}}

The bust of [[Franz Schubert]] decorating the concert hall of the White Villa at the Emirgan park is also a work of Duyar which has been there at least as of 10 December, 1983.{{sfn|GURDAL DUYAR'IN YAPITI|1983}}

The theater actress [[Bedia Muvahhit]] had had portraits made before, but had always rejected offers to have her bust made. At last she couldn't resist and accepted an offer by Duyar. She posed at Duyars workshop 3 times for an hour. She was surprised that already in the first in the first moulage her facial features where reflected in the clay. This was in 1980.{{sfn|Bedia Muvahhit'in büstü|1980}}

[[File:Barış_Manço_bust.jpg|thumb|right|[[Barış Manço]] bust at the [[İstanbul|Akatlar, İstanbul]] Artists Park]]
[[File:Bust of Kuzgun Acar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kuzgun Acar]] bust at the [[İstanbul|Akatlar, İstanbul]] Artists Park]]

Some of Duyars busts of well known artists such as [[Kemal Sunal]], [[Barış Manço]], [[Sadri Alışık]], and [[Bedia Muvahhit]] stand in in [[İstanbul|Akatlar, İstanbul]] Artists Park.
{{sfn|Durbaş|2004|p=}}
Some of Duyars other busts are of [[Avni Arbaş]], [[Mahmut Cuda]], [[Vedat Günyol]], [[Ilhan Berk]], [[Nevzat Üstün]] and former Minister of Finance [[Vural Arikan]].{{sfn|Köksal|1985|p=8}}

Among Duyar's other works are [[Atatürk]] sculptures of [[Burhaniye]]/[[Edremit, Balıkesir|Edremit]] (1967), [[Alaşehir]] (1967), and [[İskenderun]] (1972), the Atatürk mask at the Gülhane Hospital in [[Ankara]] (1971), the Portrait of Bilge and ''Kadın Başı'' at the [[İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum]]{{sfn|TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ|1984|p=1869–1870}}, the bust of famous storyteller [[Sait Faik Abasıyanık]] infront of the short story writers house in [[Burgazada]] which is now a museum.{{sfn|Durbaş|2004|p=}}


== Life ==
Gürdal Duyar was born in 1935 in Istanbul. Among his siblings, Erdal and Neşe he was the youngest. His older sister, and the middle child of the three siblings, was [[Neşe Aybey]] (1930-2015), who was a [[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]] artist and teacher at [[Mimar Sinan University]] {{snf|NEŞE AYBEY|2015}}. Duyar attended middle school at the [[Haydarpaşa High School|İstanbul Haydarpaşa highschool]] and summarily began his arts education attending high school level classes at the sculpture faculty of the [[Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University#History |''İstanbul Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi'' (İDGSA)]], an arts academy which today goes by the name [[Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University]].{{sfn|Kuzucular|2012|p=}} At the academy he worked next to German sculptor [[Rudolf Belling]] and later in 1952{{sfn|Köksal|1985|p=8}} the atelier of [[Ali Hadi Bara]]. He graduated in 1959 and became a freelance artist. He worked in Belgium, France and Switzerland for some time{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar için...}} developed his stonework skills with sculptor [https://www.fondation-leonperrin.ch/category/photographies León Perrin]. He made several busts in [[Geneva]] and [[Lausanne]] and returned home around 1963.
{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar Kimdir}}

Duyar discovered painter [[Emel Say]] at the Çiçek Bar at his 9th exhibition. She had finished the famous Turkish painter and her mother [[Zehra Say]]'s unfinished painting of [[Maui]], upon which Duyar asked who had changed the famous painters painting. She replied with that her mother had begged her to finish the painting because she was no longer able to paint due to old age, and that she simply touched the painting up a little. To this Duyar replied with "Is there such a thing? ... it seems that you have been a painter all along". If it was not for this encounter, Emel Say may not have delved further into the world of Art.{{sfn|Karakartal|2004}} Duyar and Emel Say's works together were presented in the first exhibition of the [[Asmalımescit Art Gallery]], founded in 1995.{{sfn|Asmalimescit Art Gallery website|2017}}

[[File:Türkan Şoray Artists' Park.jpg|thumb|mid|[[Türkan Şoray]] sculpture in the [[İstanbul|Akatlar, İstanbul]] Artists Park]]

==Legacy==
On April 18, 2004 Duyar passed away due to lung cancer. The sculptors association organized a ceremony at the [[Vişnezade]] poets park in [[Beşiktaş]].{{sfn|Gürdal Duyar için...}} Afterwards, his funeral was held at [[Zincirlikuyu Cemetery]].{{sfn|Heykeltıraş Gürdal Duyar öldü|2004}} He and his colleagues are credited with defining the start of modern sculpture in Turkey. He is remembered as a very unique artist who "''thinks with his hands and portrays his thoughts in with clay''".{{sfn|Özgentürk|2005}}

After the death of Emel Say in 2011, the childhood friend of her nephew [[Fazil Say]], violinist Tuncay Yılmaz, recalled one late evening around midnight with Emel Say and Duyar, where Duyar started to sketch a portrait of him. Duyar had already finished the portrait towards the morning which really exited Yılmaz. He was gifted the portrait, which he had not seen yet, that same year on new years eve. After Duyar passed away he put the portrait on the cover of one of his live CD's. Describing the portrait, Yılmaz says how interconnected the fine arts really are, and that by just looking at the portrait you can feel the music.{{sfn|Yılmaz|2011}}

==Exhibitions==
*85th Anniversary of the Fine Arts Academy, Taksim Art Gallery, (2nd half March) '''1968'''{{sfn|Akyunak|1968|p=25}}</br>
*''Şahap Sıtkı Resim Koleksiyounu Sergisi'', Caddebostan Güzel Sanatlar Atelyesi ve Galerisi (October 23 - November 19) '''1981'''{{sfn|Şahap Sıtkı|1981|p=22}}</br>
*''Gürdal Duyar'ın Yapıtları'', '''1985'''{{sfn|Köksal|1985|p=8}}</br>
*Asmalimescit Art Gallery grand opening, '''1995'''{{sfn|Asmalimescit Art Gallery website|2017}}</br>
*etc


==References==
==References==
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==Sources==
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}

*{{cite news |last=Akyunak |first=Nezahat |date=1968 |title=Güzel Sanatlar Akademisinin 85. kuruluş yıldönümü|trans-title=85th Anniversary of the Fine Arts Academy |url=http://earsiv.sehir.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11498/16895/001583082010.pdf?sequence=1 |page= 25 |language=Turkish |agency= |work= |location= |access-date=1 Oct 2017}}

*{{cite journal |last1=Antmen |first1=Ahu |date= 1 Apr 2009 |title=TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE BEDEN VE “GÜZEL İSTANBUL” OLAYI |language=tr |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/70157 |journal=Electronic Journal of Social Sciences |volume=8 |issue=30 |pages=366-375 |doi= |access-date=8 Jun 2022}}


* {{cite news |last=Durbaş|first=Refik |date=21 Apr 2004|title=Gürdal Duyar’ın Vedası |url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/Yazarlar/durbas/2004/04/21/Gurdal_Duyar_in_vedasi|language=tr |publisher=[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]] |access-date=21 Apr 2011 }}
* {{cite news |last=Durbaş|first=Refik |date=21 Apr 2004|title=Gürdal Duyar’ın Vedası |url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/Yazarlar/durbas/2004/04/21/Gurdal_Duyar_in_vedasi|language=tr |publisher=[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]] |access-date=21 Apr 2011 }}
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* {{cite news|title=Güzel İstanbul/Gürdal Duyar, '''Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı'''
* {{cite news|title=Güzel İstanbul/Gürdal Duyar, '''Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı'''
|url=http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=10600376 |date=19 Dec 2008 |access-date= |language=tr |publisher=[[Hürriyet]] |website= | ref = {{harvid|Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı|}}}}
|url=http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=10600376 |date=19 Dec 2008 |access-date= |language=tr |publisher=[[Hürriyet]] |website= | ref = {{harvid|Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı|}}}}

*{{cite news |first = Ahmet |last=Köksal |title=Gürdal Duyar'ın Yapıtlari |url= http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/GununYayinlari/tks8_x2F_CRnDSvejrCg_x2F_xbT9w_x3D__x3D_ |format= |agency=[[Milliyet]] |date={{date|March 1, 1985|dmy}} |accessdate=3 Oct 2017 |language= Turkish | page = 8 |quote= |archiveurl=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr |archivedate= 2009}}


* {{cite web|title=Modern Türk heykeli
* {{cite web|title=Modern Türk heykeli
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* {{cite news |last=Sezer|first=Sennur |date=22 Apr 2004|title=Gürdal Duyar için |url=https://archive.today/20130502071029/http://www.evrensel.net/v1/04/04/22/kultur.html |language=tr |publisher=Evrensel.net }}
* {{cite news |last=Sezer|first=Sennur |date=22 Apr 2004|title=Gürdal Duyar için |url=https://archive.today/20130502071029/http://www.evrensel.net/v1/04/04/22/kultur.html |language=tr |publisher=Evrensel.net }}


*{{cite news |title= Şahap Sıtkı Resim Koleksiyounu Sergisi |url= http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/GununYayinlari/IVUfV36IOZ0olW7Qy7wyzg_x3D__x3D_ |agency=[[Milliyet]] |date= 25 Oct 1981 |accessdate=2 Oct 2017 |page= 22 |language= Turkish |quote= |id= section "Aktüalite" |archiveurl=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr |archivedate= 2009 | ref = {{harvid|Şahap Sıtkı|1981}}}}
{{refend}}

*{{cite report |last=Yaman |first = Zeynep Yasa |author-link= |authors= |date=Jan 2011 |title= “SİYASİ/ESTETİK GÖSTERGE” OLARAK KAMUSAL ALANDA ANIT VE HEYKEL |url=https://www.salakfilozof.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/zeynep-yasa-yaman-makale.pdf |publisher=[[Middle East Technical University|METU]] Journal of the Faculty of Architecture |page=68-98 |docket= |access-date=7 Oct 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite magazine
| author =<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
| title = Bir Modern Zaman Çilekeşi
|language = Turkish
| magazine = rh+sanat
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*{{cite news| first = Onat
| last = Kutlar
| authorlink = Onat Kutlar
| title = Çamurla Düşünen Adam
| agency = [[Cumhuriyet]]
| location = Istanbul
| date = {{date|July 25, 1993|dmy}}
| language = Turkish
}}

*{{cite book |last1=R. Kınık |first1=Zeynep |date=1991 |orig-year= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |title= Çekmeceler / 2 [Alos, Hale Arpacıoğlu, Mustafa Ata, Metin Deniz, Gürdal Duyar, Timur Kerim İncedayı ...]. |trans-title= |url= https://tudelft.on.worldcat.org/oclc/165630979
|language=Turkish |oclc= 165630979 |location= İstanbul |publisher=Ak Yayınları |publication-date= 1991 |page= |isbn= 9789757630197}} {{ISBN|975-7630195}}.

*{{cite web |url= http://www.edebiyatvesanatakademisi.com/turk-heykeltraslar/gurdal-duyar-2108.aspx |title= Gürdal Duyar |last= Kuzucular |first= Şahmettin |date=2 July 2012 |website=edebiyatvesanatakademisi.com |publisher= |access-date=1 Sep 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite web
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*{{cite web
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*{{cite web
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*{{cite web
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*{{cite web |url=http://bilgipinarim.com/ata/html/muze_anit/anit.htm |title=ATATÜRK ANITLARI |last= |first= |date= |website=bilgipinarim.com |publisher= |access-date=27 Sep 2017 |ref={{harvid|ATATÜRK ANITLARI}} |quote= }}

*{{cite web |url=http://www.filozof.net/Turkce/edebiyat/edebi-sahsiyetler-kisilikler-biyografileri/18829-gurdal-duyar-kimdir-hayati-eserleri-hakkinda-bilgi.html |title=Gürdal Duyar Kimdir, Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkinda Bilgi |last= |first= |date= |website=filozof.net |publisher= |access-date=27 Sep 2017 |ref={{harvid|Gürdal Duyar Kimdir, Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkinda Bilgi}} |quote= }}

*{{cite web |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/turkiye-nin-en-guzel-10-heykeli-10600376 |title=Türkiye’nin en güzel 10 heykeli |last= |first= |date=19 December 2008 |website=istanbulium.net |publisher=[[Hürriyet]] Haber |ref={{harvid|Türkiye’nin en güzel 10 heykeli|2008}} |access-date=27 Sep 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite web |url=http://yildiz-teknik.blogspot.nl/2013/08/surgundeki-heykel-guzel-istanbul-ytu-ds.html |title=Sürgündeki Heykel: Güzel İstanbul [Saray] |last= |first= |date={{date|August 2013}} |ref={{harvid|Sürgündeki Heykel: Güzel İstanbul [Saray]|2013}} |website=yildiz-teknik.blogspot.nl |publisher= |access-date=27 Sep 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite web |url=http://www.yapi.com.tr/haberler/guzel-istanbulun-34-yillik-esareti_61019.html |title=‘Güzel İstanbul’un 34 Yıllık Esareti |last= |first= |date=15 April 2008 |website=yapi.com.tr |publisher= |access-date=27 Sep 2017 |ref={{harvid|‘Güzel İstanbul’un 34 Yıllık Esareti|2008}} |quote= }}

*{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author= |title=Abdi İpekçi ilkeleriyle anılacak |url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2000/01/31/haber/hab08a.html |format= |agency=[[Milliyet]] |work= |publisher= |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=31 Jan 2000 |ref={{harvid|Abdi İpekçi ilkeleriyle anılacak|2000}}|accessdate=9 Sep 2017 |language=Turkish |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/arama.htm |archivedate=15 Sep 2008 }}

*{{cite web
|url=http://besiktasgorselsanatlar.com/eser/necati-cumali-1461661619
|title=Açık Alan Heykelleri
|date=2016
|website=besiktasgorselsanatlar.com
|publisher=[[Beşiktaş|Beşiktaş Municipality]]
|access-date=29 Sep 2017
|ref={{harvid|Açık Alan Heykelleri|2016}}
|quote= }}

*{{cite web |url=http://www.istanbulium.net/2014/01/sairler-sofas-parknn-sairleri.html |title=Şairler Sofası Parkı'nın Şairleri |last=Cangül |first=Caner |website=istanbulium.net |date=2014 |publisher= |access-date=1 Sep 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite encyclopedia
| encyclopedia = TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ
| title = TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ
| trans-title = Encyclopaedia of Famous People from Turkey and the rest of the World
| url = https://issuu.com/sacittademir/docs/t__rk_ve_d__nya___nl__leri_ansiklop_148480661a38f8
| access-date = 29 Sep 2017
| language = Turkish
| date = 9 July 1984
| publisher = ANADOLU YAYINCILIK
| series = 34
| volume = 4
| location = [[Maslak|Maslak-Istanbul]]
| pages = 1869 - 1870
|ref= {{harvid|TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ|1984}}
}}

*{{cite news
| first = Nebil
| last = Özgentürk
| title = Bir heykel ustasını anmak!
| url = http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2005/04/23/yaz85-10-124.html
| agency = [[Sabah (newspaper)|SABAH]]
| location = Istanbul
| date = {{date|23 April 2005|dmy}}
| language = Turkish
}}

*{{cite web
|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/heykeltiras-gurdal-duyar-oldu-218833
|title=Heykeltıraş Gürdal Duyar öldü
|date=19 Apr 2004
|website=hurriyet.com.tr
|access-date=1 Sep 2017
|ref={{harvid|Heykeltıraş Gürdal Duyar öldü|2004}}
|quote= }}

*{{cite web
|url=http://asmalimescitartgallery.com/events-item/galerimiz-acildi/
|title=Asmalimescit Art Gallery
|date={{date|2017}}
|website=asmalimescitartgallery.com
|access-date=30 Sep 2017
| language = Turkish
|ref={{harvid|Asmalimescit Art Gallery website|2017}}
|quote= "Asmalımescit Sanat Galerisi 1995 yılında kurulmuş olup ilk sergisini Heyleltraş Gürdal Duyar ve Ressam Emel Say ikilisiyle sanatseverlere kapısını açmıştır."}}

*{{cite news |last=Yılmaz |first=Tuncay |date=24 Feb 2011 |title=Yaşam ve devamı... |trans-title=Life and its continuation... |url=http://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/tuncay-yilmaz/604221-yasam-ve-devami |language=Turkish |agency=[[Habertürk|Haber Turk]] |work= |location= |access-date=30 Sep 2017 }}

*{{cite news |last=Karakartal |first=Melike |date=14 Dec 2004 |title=Yarım kalan ada tablosu tamamlandı |trans-title=Life and its continuation... |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yarim-kalan-ada-tablosu-tamamlandi-38675611 |language=Turkish |agency=[[Hurriyet]] |work= |location= |access-date=30 Sep 2017 }}

*{{cite news
| first = Nebil
| last = Özgentürk
| title = Mekanini arayan heykeller!
| agency = [[Sabah (newspaper)|SABAH]]
| location = Istanbul
| page = 36
| date = {{date|12 Nov 1995|dmy}}
|department= BİR İNSAN BİN HAYAT
| language = Turkish
}}

*{{cite news |last= |first= |date=28 Jan 2000 |title=Gürdal Duyar’ın heykeli |trans-title=Gürdal Duyars Sculpture|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gurdal-duyar-in-heykeli-39129408 |language=Turkish |agency=[[Hürriyet]] |work= |location= |access-date=1 Oct 2017 |ref={{harvid|Gürdal Duyar’ın heykeli|2000}}}}

*{{cite book |last1=Sezer |first1=Sennur |author-link1= |last2=Özyalçıner |first2=Adnan |author-link2= |date=Oct 2010 |editor1-last=Özmen |editor1-first=Gonca |editor1-link= |display-editors= |title=Öyküleriyle İstanbul Anıtları |trans-title= |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=r000BwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |format= |type= |series=II |language=Turkish |volume= |issue= |others= |edition=1 |location=[[Beyoğlu]]/[[Istanbul]] |publisher=Evrensel Basim Yayin |access-date=1 Oct 2017 |via=books.google.com |quote=}}

*{{cite news
| first = Nebil
| last = Özgentürk
| title = Heykeltıraşın ölümü
| url = http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2004/05/22/yaz85-10-113-20040424.html
| agency = [[Sabah (newspaper)|SABAH]]
| location = Istanbul
| date = {{date|22 May 2004|dmy}}
| accessdate ={{date|01 Oct 2017|dmy}}
| language = Turkish
| archiveurl = http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr
| archivedate = 2004
}}

*{{cite news |last=Demir |first=Bülent |date=26 November 1998 |title=Akaretler'de şairler parkı|trans-title= |url=http://earsiv.sehir.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11498/1655/001500904006.pdf?sequence=3 |language=Turkish |agency=[[Hürriyet]] |work= |location= |access-date=1 Oct 2017}}

*{{cite news |last=Demir |first=Bülent |date=13 January 2002 |title=Necati Cumalı heykeli Beşiktaş’ta|trans-title= |url=http://arsiv.ntv.com.tr/news/129732.asp |language=Turkish |agency=[[NTV (Turkey)|NTV]] |work= |location= |access-date=1 Oct 2017}}

*{{cite report |first=Ebru Nalan |last= Sülün|title=6) Türk Heykel Sanatı’nda Yeni Dönem: 1950 ve Sonrası Üzerine |url=https://www.academia.edu/22894255/_T%C3%9CRK_HEYKEL_SANATI_DOSYASI_6_T%C3%BCrk_Heykel_Sanat%C4%B1_nda_Yeni_D%C3%B6nem_1950_ve_Sonras%C4%B1_%C3%9Czerine |publisher= |page= |docket= |date=2012 |access-date=1 Oct 2017 |quote= }}

*{{cite news |last= |first= |date=10 Dec 1983 |title=GURDAL DUYAR'IN YAPITI|trans-title= |url=http://www.cumhuriyetarsivi.com/katalog/192/sayfa/1983/12/10/5.xhtml |language=Turkish |agency=[[Cumhuriyet]] |work= |location= |access-date=2 Oct 2017 |page=5 |ref={{harvid|GURDAL DUYAR'IN YAPITI|1983}} |quote=Emirgan'daki Beyaz Köşk'un konser salonunu susleyen Schubert bustu bir Turk yontu sanatcısının, Gurdal Duyar'ın vapıtı.}}

*{{cite news |title= Bedia Muvahhit'in büstü |url=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/GununYayinlari/lBYu_x2F_iia7Jx8dH9aFKJQPw_x3D__x3D_ |agency= [[Milliyet]] |date=9 Mar 1980 |accessdate=2 Oct 2017 |page= 16 |language= Turkish |quote= |id= section "Magazin" |archiveurl= http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr |ref={{harvid|Bedia Muvahhit'in büstü|1980}} |archivedate= 2009 }}

*{{cite web|title=Vefatlarimiz.com |url=https://www.vefatlarimiz.com/nese-aybey-5-ocak-pazartesi-hurriyet-bugunku-vefat-ilani.html |date=5 Jan 2015 |accessdate=8 Jun 2022 |page= |language= Turkish |quote= |id= |ref={{harvid|NEŞE AYBEY|2015}} }}


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Revision as of 03:18, 8 June 2022

Gürdal Duyar
Born20 August 1935
Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
Died18 April 2004(2004-04-18) (aged 69)
Istanbul, Turkey
NationalityTurkish
Known forsculpture, painting, drawing
Notable workAbdi İpekçi Peace Monument (2000)
Güzel İstanbul (1974)
Uşak Atatürk statue (1965)
ElectedTürkiye Yüksek Heykeltıraşlar Cemiyeti
Patron(s)Ali Hadi Bara
Rudolf Belling

Gürdal Duyar (20 August 1935, Istanbul – 18 April 2004, Istanbul), was a Turkish sculptor. He is known for his Atatürk monuments as well as for busts of other colorful creatives in soceity. He is known as one of the pioneers of abstract sculpture in Turkey, as well as for the fusion of realistic and abstract elements.

The Abdi İpekçi monument – İstanbul


Born in 1935 in Istanbul, after finishing his middleschool education at İstanbul Haydarpaşa school, he started to attend high school level classes at Istanbul State Fine Arts Academy (İDGSA) in the sculpture department.[1] At the academy he first worked with German sculptor Rudolf Belling and later in the studio of Ali Hadi Bara. He graduated in 1959 and continued free lance from then on.

After graduating he spent some time in France, Belgium and Switzerland where he worked on sculpture and studied architecture, working with sculptor Leon Perrain he developed his stone work skills.[2]

In 1962 he made a 1.50 meter Atatürk bust as requested by the Düzce Municipality.[2] In 1973 he was one of 20 sculptors selected to create sculptures to be erected in Istanbul for the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Turkish Republic. The sculpture “Güzel İstanbul” which he made for Karaköy Square was considered indecent by the politicians of the time and caused some debate. It was moved to the Yıldız Park.[3]

In 1976 he made Turkish War of Independence depicting Atatürk Monument for Kayseri square however it was straying from the classical style and was not erected.

In the garden of the M.T.A. institute (Ankara) a sculpture named Atatürk ve Madencilik by Duyar responds to classic sculpture ideals.[1]

Among Duyars other works are the Atatürk monuments of Uşak, Burhaniye and İskenderun, The Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument in İstanbul, the Necati Cumalı sculpture in Beşiktaş Vişnezade Park, famous theater actor Sait Faik Abasıyanıks bust in Burgazada in front of the actors house turned museum, and busts of famous artists/actors like Kemal Sunal, Barış Manço, Sadri Alışık and Bedia Muvahhit at the Akatlar Artists park.[4]

On 18 April 2004 he died from lung cancer. His funeral was at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.


Career

Duyar was well known for his monumental works of Atatürk and busts or sculpted portraits of interesting and influential people. He was the first sculptor to, at the age of 19, have their sculpture put in the State Painting and Sculpture Museum. Other than sculpture he also worked in the fields of painting and architecture. [5] Duyar is known as one of the pioneers of abstract sculpture in Turkey, as well as for the fusion of realistic and abstract elements.[6]

He participated in several exhibitions, including one at the Taksim Art Gallery in 1968 alongside painter Duran Karaca,[7] the only personal exposition he opened for a while was also in 1968. In 1985 he opened an exposition containing almost 30 years of work including 6 drawings and 16 busts, 30 figures and 60 never before expositioned oil paintings.[8] He is a member of the Türkiye Yüksek Heykeltıraşlar Cemiyeti (High Turkish Sculptors Society). He was among the sculptors who won the 1964 Milliyet newspapers project competition during the campaign to have Atatürk sculptures made for every one of the provinces of Turkey.[9]

Since he started making sculptures, his ability to capture the character of his subjects and the balance in his compositions with his infallible fine arts technique was notable.[10][7]

Duyar was a student of Zühtü Müridoğlu and Hadi Bara, along with other well known names such as Kuzgun Acar, Ali Teoman Germaner, Füsun Onur and Tamer Başoğlu, who all developed the art of sculpture on their own fronts to a more dynamic and expanded art form.[11].

Major Works

Uşak Atatürk Monument (1965)

Duyar shows importance to mass and texture, a trait that comes across especially in his busts. He also applied this ideal to his Uşak Atatürk statue. This resulted in an Atatürk statue that was divergent from typical Atatürk statues of the time which were of a more established academic style. [12] [13] The monument statue towers at 7.5 metres (25 ft). It was originally located in a park which also has the a monument to the unknown soldier created by Duyar.[9]

Atatürk ve Madencilik Anıtı (1971)

The Atatürk ve Madencilik Anıtı (Ataturk and Mining monument),an Ataturk monument[14] that stands in the garden of the MTA in Ankara,[13] was unveiled in 1971.[9] It responds to classic monumental sculpture ideals.[15]

Güzel İstanbul sculpture in Yıldız Park

Güzel İstanbul (1974)

In 1973 he was chosen as one of 20 sculptors, in the “İstanbul’da 20 Heykel Projesi”[16], to create a sculpture in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. In response, Duyar sculpted, "Beautiful Istanbul", which is considered as one of Turkeys most beautiful sculptures. His sculpture depicts Istanbul as a nude woman, exposed and leaning back, with her head tilted back. Her arms are bound by a chain which represents the chain constructed by the Byzantines closing off the Golden Horn, the primary inlet from the Bosphorus to old Istanbul (Constantinople), blocking Naval access to the Ottoman fleet [17]. The figure depicts her in the motion of breaking those chains that bind her, Istanbul, and is said to have a dual meaning of both representing the liberation of Istanbul from the Byzantine yoke as well as the emancipation of women. The sculpture was erected in Karaköy square in 1974 by the celebration committee. In the political climate of the time it was considered indecent by some and it was eventually moved to the Yıldız Park.[18][19][20]

Şairler Sofası (1998)

The Şairler Sofası (Hall of Poets) park, within Vişnezade park, is the home of Duyar's sculpture of the same name. Included in this sculpture are the poets Behçet Necatigil, Sabahattin Kudret Aksal, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Oktay Rıfat, Orhan Veli, Neyzen Tevfik and Nigâr Hanım.[21]

Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument on Abdi İpekçi Street, Istanbul

Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument (2000)

In memorial to Abdi İpekçi, the municipality gave the task of creating a monument which would be erected in the place where the journalist was killed. A 3.5 meter monument was created which consists of a 70 centimeter high granite base supporting the sculpture created by Duyar. It depicts two students, one boy and one girl, holding a bust of İpekçi with a dove on the top of an arch symbolizing peace. On 1 February 2000 the statue was erected by the Şişli municipality in Nişantaşı on what is now called the Abdi İpekçi Avenue. [22]

Necati Cumalı statue in Vişnezade park

Necati Cumalı (2002)

The Şairler Sofası park, which is home to statues of poets who had lived around Beşiktaş also contains Duyar's bronze [23] statue of poet and author Necati Cumalı which was unveiled in 2002.[24] [25] It was unveiled on January 13 on the 81st anniversary of Cumalıs birth. Duyar finished the statue, which was commissioned by the Beşiktaş Municipality and sponsored by the Türkiye İş Bankası in one year. The ceremony was attended by Beşiktaş Municipal Mayor Yusuf Namoğlu, Cumalıs wife Berrin Cumalı, former CHP MP Ercan Karakaş, actor in some of Cumalıs plays Müjde Ar and Duyar himself. Cumalıs wife Berrin expressed her feeling about the statue stating that Cumalı was "born again today". She also noted how her figure and a rose were portrayed in the statue, "a notion of the love connection between her and Cumalı". [26]

Other Works

In 1962 he made a 1.5 meter bust of Atatürk as requested by the Düzce municipality.[15]

Around 1972 he made a sculpture of Borazan İsmail, the Çanakkale and Independence War hero. This was for the town of Burhaniye, which the hero had saved from destruction during the latter of the wars. The statue was removed around 1992 by the mayor at the time.[27][28]

In 1976 a monument of Atatürk depicting the War of Liberation that Duyar made for Kayseri square was breaking away from the classical style and was prevented from being erected.[28]

Several years prior to 1995 he had also made a sculpture of the composer Tanburi Cemil Bey which should have been located at the White Villa in Emirgan Park. However it was missing on his visit to the park around November of 1995. [27] It was removed at the behest of a manager.[28]

The bust of Franz Schubert decorating the concert hall of the White Villa at the Emirgan park is also a work of Duyar which has been there at least as of 10 December, 1983.[29]

The theater actress Bedia Muvahhit had had portraits made before, but had always rejected offers to have her bust made. At last she couldn't resist and accepted an offer by Duyar. She posed at Duyars workshop 3 times for an hour. She was surprised that already in the first in the first moulage her facial features where reflected in the clay. This was in 1980.[30]

Barış Manço bust at the Akatlar, İstanbul Artists Park
Kuzgun Acar bust at the Akatlar, İstanbul Artists Park

Some of Duyars busts of well known artists such as Kemal Sunal, Barış Manço, Sadri Alışık, and Bedia Muvahhit stand in in Akatlar, İstanbul Artists Park. [4] Some of Duyars other busts are of Avni Arbaş, Mahmut Cuda, Vedat Günyol, Ilhan Berk, Nevzat Üstün and former Minister of Finance Vural Arikan.[8]

Among Duyar's other works are Atatürk sculptures of Burhaniye/Edremit (1967), Alaşehir (1967), and İskenderun (1972), the Atatürk mask at the Gülhane Hospital in Ankara (1971), the Portrait of Bilge and Kadın Başı at the İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum[9], the bust of famous storyteller Sait Faik Abasıyanık infront of the short story writers house in Burgazada which is now a museum.[4]


Life

Gürdal Duyar was born in 1935 in Istanbul. Among his siblings, Erdal and Neşe he was the youngest. His older sister, and the middle child of the three siblings, was Neşe Aybey (1930-2015), who was a miniature artist and teacher at Mimar Sinan University [31]. Duyar attended middle school at the İstanbul Haydarpaşa highschool and summarily began his arts education attending high school level classes at the sculpture faculty of the İstanbul Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi (İDGSA), an arts academy which today goes by the name Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University.[5] At the academy he worked next to German sculptor Rudolf Belling and later in 1952[8] the atelier of Ali Hadi Bara. He graduated in 1959 and became a freelance artist. He worked in Belgium, France and Switzerland for some time[32] developed his stonework skills with sculptor León Perrin. He made several busts in Geneva and Lausanne and returned home around 1963. [33]

Duyar discovered painter Emel Say at the Çiçek Bar at his 9th exhibition. She had finished the famous Turkish painter and her mother Zehra Say's unfinished painting of Maui, upon which Duyar asked who had changed the famous painters painting. She replied with that her mother had begged her to finish the painting because she was no longer able to paint due to old age, and that she simply touched the painting up a little. To this Duyar replied with "Is there such a thing? ... it seems that you have been a painter all along". If it was not for this encounter, Emel Say may not have delved further into the world of Art.[34] Duyar and Emel Say's works together were presented in the first exhibition of the Asmalımescit Art Gallery, founded in 1995.[35]

Türkan Şoray sculpture in the Akatlar, İstanbul Artists Park

Legacy

On April 18, 2004 Duyar passed away due to lung cancer. The sculptors association organized a ceremony at the Vişnezade poets park in Beşiktaş.[32] Afterwards, his funeral was held at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.[36] He and his colleagues are credited with defining the start of modern sculpture in Turkey. He is remembered as a very unique artist who "thinks with his hands and portrays his thoughts in with clay".[37]

After the death of Emel Say in 2011, the childhood friend of her nephew Fazil Say, violinist Tuncay Yılmaz, recalled one late evening around midnight with Emel Say and Duyar, where Duyar started to sketch a portrait of him. Duyar had already finished the portrait towards the morning which really exited Yılmaz. He was gifted the portrait, which he had not seen yet, that same year on new years eve. After Duyar passed away he put the portrait on the cover of one of his live CD's. Describing the portrait, Yılmaz says how interconnected the fine arts really are, and that by just looking at the portrait you can feel the music.[38]

Exhibitions

  • 85th Anniversary of the Fine Arts Academy, Taksim Art Gallery, (2nd half March) 1968[7]
  • Şahap Sıtkı Resim Koleksiyounu Sergisi, Caddebostan Güzel Sanatlar Atelyesi ve Galerisi (October 23 - November 19) 1981[39]
  • Gürdal Duyar'ın Yapıtları, 1985[8]
  • Asmalimescit Art Gallery grand opening, 1995[35]
  • etc

References

  1. ^ a b EdebiyatSanat.com.
  2. ^ a b Sezer 2004.
  3. ^ Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı.
  4. ^ a b c Durbaş 2004.
  5. ^ a b Kuzucular 2012.
  6. ^ Türkçe Bilgi.
  7. ^ a b c Akyunak 1968, p. 25.
  8. ^ a b c d Köksal 1985, p. 8.
  9. ^ a b c d TÜRK VE DÜNYA ÜNLÜLERİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ 1984, p. 1869–1870.
  10. ^ Gürdal Duyar’ın heykeli 2000.
  11. ^ Sülün 2012.
  12. ^ Atatürk için yapılan Anıtlar.
  13. ^ a b ATATÜRK ANITLARI.
  14. ^ Ankara’nın Tarihsel Eserleri Nelerdir?.
  15. ^ a b Gürdal Duyar Kimdir, Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkinda Bilgi.
  16. ^ Yaman 2011, p. 68.
  17. ^ Türkiye’nin en güzel 10 heykeli 2008.
  18. ^ Sürgündeki Heykel: Güzel İstanbul [Saray] 2013.
  19. ^ Antmen 2009, p. 367.
  20. ^ ‘Güzel İstanbul’un 34 Yıllık Esareti 2008.
  21. ^ Demir 1998.
  22. ^ Abdi İpekçi ilkeleriyle anılacak 2000.
  23. ^ Açık Alan Heykelleri 2016.
  24. ^ Cangül 2014.
  25. ^ Sezer & Özyalçıner 2010.
  26. ^ Demir 2002.
  27. ^ a b Özgentürk 1995.
  28. ^ a b c Özgentürk 2004.
  29. ^ GURDAL DUYAR'IN YAPITI 1983.
  30. ^ Bedia Muvahhit'in büstü 1980.
  31. ^ NEŞE AYBEY 2015.
  32. ^ a b Gürdal Duyar için...
  33. ^ Gürdal Duyar Kimdir.
  34. ^ Karakartal 2004.
  35. ^ Heykeltıraş Gürdal Duyar öldü 2004.
  36. ^ Özgentürk 2005.
  37. ^ Yılmaz 2011.
  38. ^ Şahap Sıtkı 1981, p. 22.

Sources

  • Akyunak, Nezahat (1968). "Güzel Sanatlar Akademisinin 85. kuruluş yıldönümü" [85th Anniversary of the Fine Arts Academy] (PDF) (in Turkish). p. 25. Retrieved 1 Oct 2017.
  • "Bir Modern Zaman Çilekeşi". rh+sanat (in Turkish). Istanbul: DPP. May–June 2004.
  • Kuzucular, Şahmettin (2 July 2012). "Gürdal Duyar". edebiyatvesanatakademisi.com. Retrieved 1 Sep 2017.
  • "Asmalimescit Art Gallery". asmalimescitartgallery.com (in Turkish). 2017. Retrieved 30 Sep 2017. Asmalımescit Sanat Galerisi 1995 yılında kurulmuş olup ilk sergisini Heyleltraş Gürdal Duyar ve Ressam Emel Say ikilisiyle sanatseverlere kapısını açmıştır.
  • Özgentürk, Nebil (12 November 1995). "Mekanini arayan heykeller!". BİR İNSAN BİN HAYAT (in Turkish). Istanbul. SABAH. p. 36.
  • "GURDAL DUYAR'IN YAPITI" (in Turkish). Cumhuriyet. 10 Dec 1983. p. 5. Retrieved 2 Oct 2017. Emirgan'daki Beyaz Köşk'un konser salonunu susleyen Schubert bustu bir Turk yontu sanatcısının, Gurdal Duyar'ın vapıtı.
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