Wholesaling: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Birmingham Wholesale Markets.jpg|thumb|The [[Birmingham Wholesale Markets]]]] |
[[File:Birmingham Wholesale Markets.jpg|thumb|The [[Birmingham Wholesale Markets]]]] |
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'''Wholesaling''' or '''distributing''' is the sale of goods or [[Merchandising|merchandise]] to retailers; to [[manufacturing|industrial]], commercial, [[institutional]] or other professional business users; or to other '''wholesalers''' ('''wholesale businesses''') and related subordinated services.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |
'''Wholesaling''' or '''distributing''' is the sale of goods or [[Merchandising|merchandise]] to retailers; to [[manufacturing|industrial]], commercial, [[institutional]] or other professional business users; or to other '''wholesalers''' ('''wholesale businesses''') and related subordinated services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wholesale Business |url=https://www.rz-sourcing.com/}}</ref> In general, it is the sale of [[good (economics)|goods]] in [[bulk sale|bulk]] to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling is buying goods in bulk quantity, usually directly from the manufacture or source, at a discounted rate and selling to the retailer at a higher price. The retailer then sells the goods to the end consumer at a higher price making a profit. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kolodny |first=Joseph |date=September 1949 |title=The Mechanics of Wholesaling |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1247896 |journal=Journal of Marketing |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=225 |doi=10.2307/1247896 |issn=0022-2429}}</ref> |
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According to the [[United Nations Statistics Division]], ''wholesale'' is the [[:wiktionary:resale|resale]] of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an [[Law of agency|agent]] or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort, and grade goods in large lots, [[breakbulk cargo|break-bulk]], repack, and redistribute in smaller lots.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Statistics Division – Classifications Registry |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321131122/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, [[wholesale marketing]] for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are [[:wiktionary:congregate|congregated]]. |
According to the [[United Nations Statistics Division]], ''wholesale'' is the [[:wiktionary:resale|resale]] of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an [[Law of agency|agent]] or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort, and grade goods in large lots, [[breakbulk cargo|break-bulk]], repack, and redistribute in smaller lots.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Statistics Division – Classifications Registry |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321131122/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, [[wholesale marketing]] for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are [[:wiktionary:congregate|congregated]]. |
Revision as of 12:11, 11 August 2022
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2022) |
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (March 2018) |
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services.[2] In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling is buying goods in bulk quantity, usually directly from the manufacture or source, at a discounted rate and selling to the retailer at a higher price. The retailer then sells the goods to the end consumer at a higher price making a profit. [3]
According to the United Nations Statistics Division, wholesale is the resale of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an agent or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort, and grade goods in large lots, break-bulk, repack, and redistribute in smaller lots.[4] While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, wholesale marketing for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are congregated.
Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products.[5] However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
In the banking industry "wholesale" usually refers to wholesale banking, providing tailored services to large customers, in contrast with retail banking, providing standardized services to large numbers of smaller customers.
In real estate, wholesaling is the act of contracting to purchase real property, and assigning that contract to an investor.
Taxes
Often, in the United States, wholesalers are not required to charge their buyers sales tax, if the buyer has a resale license in the state the wholesaler is located. Out-of-state buyers are not charged sale tax by wholesalers.[6]
Direct selling
The alternative to selling wholesale to distributors or retailers is to sell retail[7] either through company-owned stores or online. Advantages include receiving a larger slice of the price paid by the consumer; disadvantages include difficulty in reaching consumers.[8] Direct selling is a business model wherein sellers sell the goods directly to the end customer.[9]
Top wholesalers in U.S
Top U.S wholesalers according to csnews report in 2012.[10]
Ranking 2012 | Company/ Headquarters | Latest FY (M$) | locations served | deliveries per week | % of sales to chain stores | % of sales to Indep. | # of warehouses | Warehouses (thousands Sq. feet) | full employee | sales per Sq. foot (thousands $) | sales per employee (thousands $) | sales per location (thousands $) | sales per delivery ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | McLane Co. | 27,300 | 39269 | 48682 | 96 | 4 | 20 | 10464 | 9079 | 2609 | 3007 | 695 | 561 |
2 | Core-Mark Holding Co. Inc. | 8,115 | 30000 | – | 50 | 50 | 28 | – | 5000 | – | 1623 | 271 | – |
3 | Eby-Brown Co | 4,500 | 21000 | – | 70 | 30 | 7 | 2250 | 2200 | 2000 | 2045 | 214 | – |
4 | H.T. Hackney Co | 4,000 | 20000 | – | – | – | 28 | – | – | – | – | 200 | – |
5 | GSC Enterprises Inc. | 1300 | 8000 | 6500 | 68 | 32 | 6 | 1676 | 1315 | 776 | 989 | 163 | 200 |
6 | Farner-Bocken Co. | 1200 | – | – | 50 | 50 | 1 | 450 | 930 | 2667 | 1290 | – | – |
7 | Harold Levinson Associates Inc. | 1200 | 15000 | 15000 | 10 | 90 | 1 | 550 | 475 | 2182 | 2526 | 80 | 80 |
8 | Imperial/Harrison Super regional | 1,025 | 2950 | 3120 | 64 | 36 | 4 | 379 | 447 | 2704 | 2293 | 347 | 329 |
9 | AMCON Distributing Co. | 1004 | 5000 | – | – | – | 6 | 601 | – | 1671 | – | 201 | – |
10 | S. Abraham & Sons Inc. | 939 | 3614 | 3079 | 58 | 42 | 2 | 440 | 477 | 2134 | 1969 | 260 | 306 |
11 | Consumer Product Distributors inc. | 926 | 3695 | 4185 | 44 | 56 | 4 | 300 | 574 | 3087 | 1613 | 251 | 221 |
12 | Chambers & Owen Inc. | 765 | – | – | 50 | 50 | 1 | 265 | 300 | 2887 | 2550 | – | – |
13 | Liberty USA Inc. | 700 | 1800 | 1650 | 70 | 30 | 1 | 150 | 250 | 4667 | 2800 | 389 | 424 |
14 | Garber Bros. Inc. | 695 | 2400 | 3100 | 60 | 40 | 1 | 200 | 246 | 3475 | 2825 | 290 | 244 |
15 | J.T. Davenport & Sons Inc. | 600 | 2000 | – | 70 | 30 | 2 | 211 | – | 2844 | – | 300 | – |
16 | Cooper Booth Wholesale Co. | 540 | 1750 | 1175 | 20 | 80 | 1 | 110 | 187 | 4909 | 2888 | 309 | 460 |
17 | Atlantic Dominion Distributors | 486 | 2100 | 1600 | 65 | 35 | 2 | 180 | 120 | 2700 | 4050 | 231 | 304 |
18 | Tripifoods Inc. | 458 | 2750 | 2970 | 92 | 8 | 1 | 250 | 210 | 1832 | 2181 | 167 | 154 |
19 | Stephenson Wholesale Co. Inc. | 405 | 3500 | 4533 | 35 | 65 | 202 | 292 | 2005 | 1387 | 116 | 89 | |
20 | Pine State Trading Co. | 400 | 5000 | – | 55 | 45 | 5 | 246 | – | 1626 | – | 80 | – |
21 | Harbor Wholesale Grocery Inc. | 391 | 2500 | 1700 | 40 | 60 | 2 | 300 | 265 | 1303 | 1475 | 156 | 230 |
22 | Southco Distributing Co. | 343 | 1400 | 2200 | 45 | 55 | 1 | 225 | 180 | 1524 | 1906 | 245 | 156 |
23 | Richmond-Master Distributors Inc. | 300 | 1400 | 810 | 30 | 70 | 5 | 210 | – | 1429 | – | 214 | 370 |
24 | Thomas & Howard Co. Inc. | 250 | 1500 | 2300 | 47 | 53 | 3 | 300 | 300 | 833 | 833 | 167 | 109 |
25 | Allen Brothers Wholesale Dist. Inc. | 230 | 1358 | 930 | 33 | 67 | 1 | 65 | 72 | 3538 | 3194 | 169 | 247 |
See also
- Business-to-business
- Cash and carry (wholesale)
- Distribution (marketing)
- Jobbing house
- Supply chain
- Supply network
References
- ^ "Palvelutukkurit | PATU | Tukkuliike | Elintarvikkeet - lähiruoka". palvelutukkurit.fi.
- ^ "Wholesale Business".
- ^ Kolodny, Joseph (September 1949). "The Mechanics of Wholesaling". Journal of Marketing. 14 (2): 225. doi:10.2307/1247896. ISSN 0022-2429.
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Classifications Registry". unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
- ^ Chandler, A. D. (1994). Scale and scope The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. p. 29.
- ^ Michael Gravette, wholesaler for 32 years.
- ^ "Als Lieferant mitmachen" (in German). eu-lieferanten.de. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ Mount, Ian (6 March 2013). "Clothing Companies Trying to Find More Direct Paths to Customers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
- ^ "July". Some Things You Should Know. Bloomsbury Academic. 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "title missing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2014.[dead link]