Nabataeans of Iraq: Difference between revisions
→History: Fixed typo. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tag: Reverted |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Islamicate term for native Mesopotamians}} |
|||
The '''Nabataeans of Iraq''' or '''Nabatees of Iraq''' were an ancient group of people who settled in [[Iraq]] and [[Ahwaz]] during the [[Middle Ages]]. They were known as farmers and Aramaic-language speakers. They are mentioned by many medieval historians like [[Al-Masudi]], [[Ibn Abbas]], [[Ibn Nadim]], [[Said al-Andalusi]] and [[Bar Hebraeus]]. |
The '''Nabataeans of Iraq''' or '''Nabatees of Iraq''' were an ancient group of people who settled in [[Iraq]] and [[Ahwaz]] during the [[Middle Ages]]. They were known as farmers and Aramaic-language speakers. They are mentioned by many medieval historians like [[Al-Masudi]], [[Ibn Abbas]], [[Ibn Nadim]], [[Said al-Andalusi]] and [[Bar Hebraeus]]. |
||
==Name== |
==Name== |
||
There are different views on their name. The overwhelming view is that medieval Arabs called them Nabataeans, meaning "planters", as they were primarily known as farmers. An alternate view is that it was because they descend from [[Nebaioth]], son of [[Ishmael]]. Medieval historians referred to them as the "Nabatees of Iraq" or "Nabatees of [[Sawad]]" to differentiate them from the [[Nabataeans]] |
There are different views on their name. The overwhelming view is that medieval Arabs called them Nabataeans, meaning "planters", as they were primarily known as farmers. An alternate view is that it was because they descend from [[Nebaioth]], son of [[Ishmael]]. Medieval historians referred to them as the "Nabatees of Iraq" or "Nabatees of [[Sawad]]" to differentiate them from the [[Nabataeans]] who settled in the [[Levant]].<ref>[https://nabataea.net/explore/history/who-are-the-nabataeans-today/ Who are the Nabataeans today?]</ref> |
||
==Origins== |
==Origins== |
||
Nabataeans of Iraq were known as [[Aramaic Language|Aramaic]] native speakers. Historians like [[Al-Masudi]] and [[Said al-Andalusi]] belong them to [[Chaldea|Chaldeans]], who ruled the region many centuries ago. Al-Andalusi said in his book Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Levels of Nations) that the Chaldeans are Syriacs and Babylonians, and Nabataeans of [[Sawad]] of Iraq are one of them, and they settled in middle and south of Iraq and also in al Jazira region ([[Upper Mesopotamia]]).<ref>Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Categories of Nations) for [[Said al-Andalusi]], Hajret Publishing house 1997, page 123.</ref> [[Al-Masudi]] on his book At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf said that Nabataeans of Iraq like many of their neighbor people from Aramnis ([[Arameans]]), [[Nenivah|Nenivites]], Athorees ([[Assyria|Assyrians]]), Garamiqs and Ardwanees that they are descended from Chaldeans.<ref>At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf for [[Al-Masudi]], page 78 [[Leiden]] publishing 1893.</ref> |
Nabataeans of Iraq were known as [[Aramaic Language|Aramaic]] native speakers. Historians like [[Al-Masudi]] and [[Said al-Andalusi]] belong them to [[Chaldea|Chaldeans]], who ruled the region many centuries ago. Al-Andalusi said in his book Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Levels of Nations) that the Chaldeans are Syriacs and Babylonians, and Nabataeans of [[Sawad]] of Iraq are one of them, and they settled in middle and south of Iraq and also in al Jazira region ([[Upper Mesopotamia]]).<ref>Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Categories of Nations) for [[Said al-Andalusi]], Hajret Publishing house 1997, page 123.</ref> [[Al-Masudi]] on his book At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf said that Nabataeans of Iraq like many of their neighbor people from Aramnis ([[Arameans]]), [[Nenivah|Nenivites]], Athorees ([[Assyria|Assyrians]]), Garamiqs and Ardwanees that they are descended from Chaldeans.<ref>At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf for [[Al-Masudi]], page 78 [[Leiden]] publishing 1893.</ref> Other historians like Ibn Habib Al-Baghdadi said that the Nabataeans are Syriacs and [[Kayanian dynasty|Kayanians]] and they descendant from Nabat son of [[Aram, son of Shem]].<ref>[https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=76180 Nabataeans and what belong to them] to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani</ref> While [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] said that they are Arabs, but because their mixture with [[Persians]] and [[Names of the Greeks#Romans_(Ῥωμαῖοι)|Romans]] their language are messed up.<ref>[https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=76180 Nabataeans and what belong to them] to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani</ref> |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Nabataeans were mentioned by several historians like [[Al-Masudi]], [[Ibn Khaldun]] and [[Said al-Andalusi]] as descendants of great civilizations like [[Babylonia]] and that they are highly educated people of their time.<ref>[https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=76180 Nabataeans and what belong to them] to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani</ref> |
Nabataeans they were mentioned by several historians like [[Al-Masudi]], [[Ibn Khaldun]] and [[Said al-Andalusi]] as descendants of great civilizations like [[Babylonia]] and that they are highly educated people of their time.<ref>[https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=76180 Nabataeans and what belong to them] to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani</ref> They specializing in farming. They had many expert on farming such as [[Ibn Wahshiyya]] who write many books on farming.<ref>Natural History" by S.H. Nasr in A History of Muslim Philosophy, edited and introduced by M.M. Sharif (1966), volume II, p. 1323</ref> Their main cities was [[Babylon]], [[Kulwatha]], [[Kutha]], [[Kashkar]], [[Aqar-Qūf]], [[Nippur]], [[Al-Hirah]] and [[Anbar (town)|Anbar]]. Before Islam they believe in many religions such Christianity, Judaism, [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Paganism]] and [[Mandaeism]]. Because they were called as Syriacs that mean mainly of them belong to The [[Church of East]] and [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]. Medieval Arabs dislike them because their embrace to their Region or village origin more than their tribal origin, and also because they only specializing in farming not on skills of [[Equestrianism]] and duel. There a [[Hadith|hadith]] attributed to Caliph [[Umar]] said: ''do not be like Nabataeans of [[Sawad]], if they questioned for their origin, they answered from this village or this''.<ref>[http://www.consuhadeth.com/questions/354 ما صحة أثر عمر: ""تعلموا النسب، ولا تكونوا كنبط السواد إذا سئل أحدهم عن أهله قال من قرية كذا""؟"]</ref> While [[Ibn Abbas]] said that [[Quraysh]] descendant from Nabataeans of Iraq.<ref>[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&idfrom=3281&idto=3293&bk_no=121&ID=466 النهاية في غريب الحديث والأثر » حرف الكاف » باب الكاف مع الواو]</ref> According to [[Al-Masudi]] said that most of Nabataeans convert to [[Islam]].<ref>[https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=76180 Nabataeans and what belong to them] to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani</ref> Modern historian like [[Ali Al-Wardi]] viewed that many famous Muslim scholar such as [[Abu Hanifa]] and [[Maytham al-Tammar]] that they Nabataeans by origin.<ref>حوار مع العلامة علي الوردي ، علي الثويني ، جريدة الراصد ، بغداد ، العدد 876</ref> |
||
==Influence on writing== |
|||
{{main|Kufic}} |
|||
[[Kufic]] script — the first [[calligraphy|calligraphic]] script used to transcribe the [[Koran]] — originated in the city of [[Kufa]] among the Nabataeans of Iraq. |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Revision as of 17:45, 1 February 2023
The Nabataeans of Iraq or Nabatees of Iraq were an ancient group of people who settled in Iraq and Ahwaz during the Middle Ages. They were known as farmers and Aramaic-language speakers. They are mentioned by many medieval historians like Al-Masudi, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Nadim, Said al-Andalusi and Bar Hebraeus.
Name
There are different views on their name. The overwhelming view is that medieval Arabs called them Nabataeans, meaning "planters", as they were primarily known as farmers. An alternate view is that it was because they descend from Nebaioth, son of Ishmael. Medieval historians referred to them as the "Nabatees of Iraq" or "Nabatees of Sawad" to differentiate them from the Nabataeans who settled in the Levant.[1]
Origins
Nabataeans of Iraq were known as Aramaic native speakers. Historians like Al-Masudi and Said al-Andalusi belong them to Chaldeans, who ruled the region many centuries ago. Al-Andalusi said in his book Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Levels of Nations) that the Chaldeans are Syriacs and Babylonians, and Nabataeans of Sawad of Iraq are one of them, and they settled in middle and south of Iraq and also in al Jazira region (Upper Mesopotamia).[2] Al-Masudi on his book At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf said that Nabataeans of Iraq like many of their neighbor people from Aramnis (Arameans), Nenivites, Athorees (Assyrians), Garamiqs and Ardwanees that they are descended from Chaldeans.[3] Other historians like Ibn Habib Al-Baghdadi said that the Nabataeans are Syriacs and Kayanians and they descendant from Nabat son of Aram, son of Shem.[4] While Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani said that they are Arabs, but because their mixture with Persians and Romans their language are messed up.[5]
History
Nabataeans they were mentioned by several historians like Al-Masudi, Ibn Khaldun and Said al-Andalusi as descendants of great civilizations like Babylonia and that they are highly educated people of their time.[6] They specializing in farming. They had many expert on farming such as Ibn Wahshiyya who write many books on farming.[7] Their main cities was Babylon, Kulwatha, Kutha, Kashkar, Aqar-Qūf, Nippur, Al-Hirah and Anbar. Before Islam they believe in many religions such Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Paganism and Mandaeism. Because they were called as Syriacs that mean mainly of them belong to The Church of East and Syriac Orthodox Church. Medieval Arabs dislike them because their embrace to their Region or village origin more than their tribal origin, and also because they only specializing in farming not on skills of Equestrianism and duel. There a hadith attributed to Caliph Umar said: do not be like Nabataeans of Sawad, if they questioned for their origin, they answered from this village or this.[8] While Ibn Abbas said that Quraysh descendant from Nabataeans of Iraq.[9] According to Al-Masudi said that most of Nabataeans convert to Islam.[10] Modern historian like Ali Al-Wardi viewed that many famous Muslim scholar such as Abu Hanifa and Maytham al-Tammar that they Nabataeans by origin.[11]
Influence on writing
Kufic script — the first calligraphic script used to transcribe the Koran — originated in the city of Kufa among the Nabataeans of Iraq.
See also
References
- ^ Who are the Nabataeans today?
- ^ Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Categories of Nations) for Said al-Andalusi, Hajret Publishing house 1997, page 123.
- ^ At-Tanbih wa-l-'Ishraf for Al-Masudi, page 78 Leiden publishing 1893.
- ^ Nabataeans and what belong to them to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani
- ^ Nabataeans and what belong to them to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani
- ^ Nabataeans and what belong to them to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani
- ^ Natural History" by S.H. Nasr in A History of Muslim Philosophy, edited and introduced by M.M. Sharif (1966), volume II, p. 1323
- ^ ما صحة أثر عمر: ""تعلموا النسب، ولا تكونوا كنبط السواد إذا سئل أحدهم عن أهله قال من قرية كذا""؟"
- ^ النهاية في غريب الحديث والأثر » حرف الكاف » باب الكاف مع الواو
- ^ Nabataeans and what belong to them to Dr Rahman Hussain Ali Al-Jizani
- ^ حوار مع العلامة علي الوردي ، علي الثويني ، جريدة الراصد ، بغداد ، العدد 876