Draft:Hospitium of the Grey Friars, Inverkeithing: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Hospitium of the Grey Friars Inverkeithing.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Hospitium of the Grey Friars Inverkeithing.jpg|thumb|Viewed from Queen Street.]] |
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'''The Hospitium of the Grey Friars''' is a 14th century [[hospitium]] and gardens in [[Inverkeithing]], [[Scotland]]. |
'''The Hospitium of the Grey Friars''' is a 14th century [[hospitium]] and gardens in [[Inverkeithing]], [[Scotland]]. |
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It is the best surviving example of a medieval friary building left in Scotland<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fife Historic Buildings Trust |date=March 2022 |title=Inverkeithing Friary & Friary Gardens |url=https://fifehistoricbuildings.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inverkeithing-Friary-project-summary-Mar-22.pdf |
It is the best surviving example of a [[medieval]] [[friary]] building left in Scotland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fife Historic Buildings Trust |date=March 2022 |title=Inverkeithing Friary & Friary Gardens |url=https://fifehistoricbuildings.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inverkeithing-Friary-project-summary-Mar-22.pdf |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Fife Historic Buildings Trust}}</ref> The building served as a place of hospitality and a lodging house for travellers and [[pilgrim]]s, often after crossing the [[Firth of Forth]], and their journeys have since been commemorated with the [[Fife Pilgrim Way]] trail, on which the Friary sits.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=North Queensferry to Dunfermline |url=https://fifecoastandcountrysidetrust.co.uk/walks/fife-pilgrim-way/north-queensferry-to-dunfermline/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Fife Coast & Countryside Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[List of listed buildings in Inverkeithing, Fife| |
The Friary is [[List of listed buildings in Inverkeithing, Fife|Category A listed]] by [[Historic Scotland]], reserved for "''buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic; or fine, little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type''".<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Listing? |url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/listing-scheduling-and-designations/listed-buildings/what-is-listing/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.historicenvironment.scot |language=en}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History and establishment== |
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| ⚫ | |||
=== The Franciscans in Scotland === |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The Franciscan Friary in Inverkeithing was established in the wake of [[David II of Scotland|King David II]] receiving a [[papal bull]] – or charter – in 1346 from [[Pope Clement VI]], granting his blessing for the foundation of a Franciscan friary at [[Lanark]]. The bull also granted permission for another Franciscan friary “in another place far from attack”, with southern Scotland being ravaged by English forces - this was chosen as Inverkeithing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=David |date=2019-02-15 |title=Revealed: Fife's "lost" 14th century Franciscan friary |url=https://archedinburgh.org/revealed-fifes-lost-14th-century-franciscan-friary/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Archdiocese of Edinburgh |language=en-GB}}</ref> This location was also apt because were many and varied religious communities established along Fife to the shrines of Saint Margaret in [[Dunfermline]] and Saint Andrew further up the coast, commemorated in the present day [[Fife Pilgrim Way]]<ref name=":1" />[[Fife Pilgrim Way|.]] |
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=== Establishment of the Friary === |
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| ⚫ | The Franciscan Friary in Inverkeithing was established in the wake of [[David II of Scotland|King David II]] receiving a [[papal bull]] – or charter – in 1346 from [[Pope Clement VI]], granting his blessing for the foundation of a Franciscan friary at [[Lanark]]. The bull also granted permission for another Franciscan friary “in another place far from attack”, with southern Scotland being ravaged by English forces - this was chosen as Inverkeithing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=David |date=2019-02-15 |title=Revealed: Fife's "lost" 14th century Franciscan friary |url=https://archedinburgh.org/revealed-fifes-lost-14th-century-franciscan-friary/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Archdiocese of Edinburgh |language=en-GB}}</ref> This location was also apt because were many and varied religious communities established along Fife to the shrines of Saint Margaret in Dunfermline and Saint Andrew further up the coast, commemorated in the present day [[Fife Pilgrim Way]]<ref name=":1" />[[Fife Pilgrim Way|.]] |
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It is believed that the Franciscans established their Friary here around 1346: around a century after the death of Saint Francis of Assisi himself<ref name=":2" />. |
It is believed that the Franciscans established their Friary here around 1346: around a century after the death of Saint Francis of Assisi himself<ref name=":2" />. |
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In 1384 [[Robert II of Scotland|King Robert II]] made the friary in Inverkeithing exempt from tax<ref name=":2" />. |
In 1384 [[Robert II of Scotland|King Robert II]] made the friary in Inverkeithing exempt from tax<ref name=":2" />. |
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=== Features |
=== Features === |
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The building that still stands today was the hospitium, a place of hospitality and a lodging house for travellers and pilgrims. Behind the hospitium there would have been other buildings and covered walkways arranged around an open square of ground with a well for water. The buildings would have included a church, a dormitory, a refectory (dining room) and a toilet block<ref name=":0" />. |
The building that still stands today was the hospitium, a place of hospitality and a lodging house for travellers and pilgrims. Behind the hospitium there would have been other buildings and covered walkways arranged around an open square of ground with a well for water. The buildings would have included a church, a dormitory, a [[refectory]] (dining room) and a toilet block<ref name=":0" />. |
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Beyond these were the friary gardens which included an orchard, herb gardens and various service buildings, ovens, brewhouses and stables. There is likely to have been a cemetery on the site too<ref name=":0" />. |
Beyond these were the friary gardens which included an [[orchard]], herb gardens and various service buildings, ovens, brewhouses and stables. There is likely to have been a [[cemetery]] on the site too<ref name=":0" />. |
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== Restoration work == |
== Restoration work == |
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In 1932 the Friary was bought for the people of Inverkeithing<ref name=":2" />, and restoration work took place between 1932 and 1934<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fife business - Hospitium of the Grey Friars |url=https://www.welcometofife.com/view-business/hospitium-of-the-grey-friars |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Welcome to Fife - View Business |language=en-GB}}</ref>. |
In 1932 the Friary was bought for the people of Inverkeithing<ref name=":2" />, and restoration work took place between 1932 and 1934.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fife business - Hospitium of the Grey Friars |url=https://www.welcometofife.com/view-business/hospitium-of-the-grey-friars |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Welcome to Fife - View Business |language=en-GB}}</ref>. |
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In 2016, Fife Council and Fife Historic Buildings Trust explored options for the Friary, and are awaiting on funding for plans<ref name=":0" />. |
In 2016, [[Fife Council]] and Fife Historic Buildings Trust explored options for the Friary, and are awaiting on funding for plans<ref name=":0" />. |
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In 2018, archaeological excavation work was undertaken at the Friary. Remains of the southern wall of what is likely to have been the northern range of the friary, possibly the friary church, were encountered along with deposits relating to the construction and demolition of the structure. Medieval pottery was recovered from deposits associated to the wall. A possible floor, comprised of sandstone flagstones, was also identified<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inverkeithing, Queen Street, Friary And Museum {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/50940/inverkeithing-queen-street-friary-and-museum |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> |
In 2018, archaeological excavation work was undertaken at the Friary. Remains of the southern wall of what is likely to have been the northern range of the friary, possibly the friary church, were encountered along with deposits relating to the construction and demolition of the structure. Medieval pottery was recovered from deposits associated to the wall. A possible floor, comprised of [[sandstone]] flagstones, was also identified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inverkeithing, Queen Street, Friary And Museum {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/50940/inverkeithing-queen-street-friary-and-museum |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> |
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The Friary gardens opened to the public in 1936 and remain used to this day<ref name=":2" />, providing an excellent vantage point over the Firth of Forth for views of Edinburgh and beyond. |
The Friary gardens opened to the public in 1936 and remain used to this day<ref name=":2" />, providing an excellent vantage point over the Firth of Forth for views of [[Edinburgh]] and beyond. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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The Hospitium of the Grey Friars is a 14th century hospitium and gardens in Inverkeithing, Scotland.
It is the best surviving example of a medieval friary building left in Scotland.[1] The building served as a place of hospitality and a lodging house for travellers and pilgrims, often after crossing the Firth of Forth, and their journeys have since been commemorated with the Fife Pilgrim Way trail, on which the Friary sits.[2]
The Friary is Category A listed by Historic Scotland, reserved for "buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic; or fine, little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type".[3]
History and establishment
The Franciscans are a Christian religious order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in the 13th century. In Scotland, they were named Greyfriars because of their grey robes[1].
The Franciscan Friary in Inverkeithing was established in the wake of King David II receiving a papal bull – or charter – in 1346 from Pope Clement VI, granting his blessing for the foundation of a Franciscan friary at Lanark. The bull also granted permission for another Franciscan friary “in another place far from attack”, with southern Scotland being ravaged by English forces - this was chosen as Inverkeithing.[4] This location was also apt because were many and varied religious communities established along Fife to the shrines of Saint Margaret in Dunfermline and Saint Andrew further up the coast, commemorated in the present day Fife Pilgrim Way[2].
It is believed that the Franciscans established their Friary here around 1346: around a century after the death of Saint Francis of Assisi himself[4].
In 1384 King Robert II made the friary in Inverkeithing exempt from tax[4].
Features
The building that still stands today was the hospitium, a place of hospitality and a lodging house for travellers and pilgrims. Behind the hospitium there would have been other buildings and covered walkways arranged around an open square of ground with a well for water. The buildings would have included a church, a dormitory, a refectory (dining room) and a toilet block[1].
Beyond these were the friary gardens which included an orchard, herb gardens and various service buildings, ovens, brewhouses and stables. There is likely to have been a cemetery on the site too[1].
Restoration work
In 1932 the Friary was bought for the people of Inverkeithing[4], and restoration work took place between 1932 and 1934.[5].
In 2016, Fife Council and Fife Historic Buildings Trust explored options for the Friary, and are awaiting on funding for plans[1].
In 2018, archaeological excavation work was undertaken at the Friary. Remains of the southern wall of what is likely to have been the northern range of the friary, possibly the friary church, were encountered along with deposits relating to the construction and demolition of the structure. Medieval pottery was recovered from deposits associated to the wall. A possible floor, comprised of sandstone flagstones, was also identified.[6]
The Friary gardens opened to the public in 1936 and remain used to this day[4], providing an excellent vantage point over the Firth of Forth for views of Edinburgh and beyond.
References
- ^ a b c d e Fife Historic Buildings Trust (March 2022). "Inverkeithing Friary & Friary Gardens" (PDF). Fife Historic Buildings Trust. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ a b "North Queensferry to Dunfermline". Fife Coast & Countryside Trust. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ "What is Listing?". www.historicenvironment.scot. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e Kerr, David (2019-02-15). "Revealed: Fife's "lost" 14th century Franciscan friary". Archdiocese of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ "Fife business - Hospitium of the Grey Friars". Welcome to Fife - View Business. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ "Inverkeithing, Queen Street, Friary And Museum | Canmore". canmore.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-07.