Iranian folklore: Difference between revisions

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Iranian folklore, including jokes, legends, games, folklore heroes and beliefs is sophisticated and complex.

folklore Heroes

Pourya-ye Vali
Hasan Kachal "Hasan the Bald"
Khaleh Soskeh "Aunte cockroach"
Hossen e Kurd e shabestari "The Kurdish Hossen of Shabestar"
Karim shereyee "Karim the addict"
Baba shammal
Koroghlu (Iranian Azarbaijan)
Mathar Fulad-zereh "Mother of Fulad-zereh"^[1]
Otour-khan Rashti
Churchill used for any mischievous person in oral folklore
Jaffar Jenni or Zaffar Jenni

folklore books

"Dāstān" in Persian means “story". The genre to which they refer may go back to ancient Iran.It was a widely popular and folkloric form of story-telling: dastan-tellers tend to tell their tile in coffee houses.They told tales of heroic romance and adventure,stories about gallant princes and their encounters with evil kings, enemy champions, demons, magicians,Jinns, divine creatures, tricky Robin Hoodlike persons (called ayyārs), and beautiful princesses who might be human or of the Peri (“fairy”) race.

Samak-e Ayyar:An ancient fictional book about an Iranian ayyār^[2] (6th century AH) written by Faramaz Ibn Khodad(Faramarz son of Khodad)(Persian: فرامرز بن خداداد بن عبدالله الکاتب الارجانی)
Darabnameh:An ancient book of 12th Century A.D, written by Abu Tahir Tarasusi,that's a fictional book about the Alexander and Dara^[3]
Firuzshahnama
Dastan-e Amir Hamza "The adeventure of Amir Hamze" ^[4]^[5]

folklore oral legends and tales

Boz boz ghandi"Suger goat"
Shangol o Mangol o Habeh-e-Angur
Maah pishoni "(the girl with)Moon(sign)in her brow"
Kadou ghelghelehzan "The trundle gourd"
Sarma Pirezan"Grand mother COLD"

folklore creatures

Karkadann
Davaal paa "lasso-leg man"
Aal ^[6]
Bakhtak "Nightmare"
Genie " elf, goblin"
Div "Daeva "
Peri

folklore games

folklore Physical games

Amo Zangirbaff "Uncle chain-weaver"
Attal Mattal Totuleh
Ghayyem Moshak
Gorgam be Hava
Alak dou Lak
Bikh divari
Ghapp bazi "knucklebone Playing"
Khar polis "Donkey-Cop"
Aftaab Mahtab "Sunshine Moonlight"
Ganiyeh
Laay laay

folklore Card games

Hokm:A game for four players ^[7].
Ganjafa ^[8]^[9]
Chahâr barg (4 cards) is another fishing game,also sometimes known as Pâsur,Haft Khâj(seven clubs)or Haft va chahâr, yâzdah(7+4=11).
Âs Nas: Perhaps Âs Nas is the game from which modern Poker may have sprung ^[10] ^[11]

folklore Verbal games

Moshereh (Poetry Game):Every side has to answer the other side with a poem beginig with the last word of the previous poem.
Ye Morgh Darm ("I have a hen" game)

other folklore games

Backgammon

folklore traditional ceremonies

File:Ashoura, Qom.jpg

Folkloric Iranian aspects of mourning in Day of Ashura

folklore Nowruz traditional characters

Hajji Firuz traditional herald of Nowruz.
Kouseh Bar Neshin(کوسه بر نشین)(A Nowruz folklore Tradition)
Mir Nowrouzi "Temporary king of Nowruz times"(A Nowruz folklore Tradition)

folklore religious ceremonies

Omar koushoun "Killing of Umar" .A fest for ceremonical killing of Umar ibn Sa'ad, falsly mistaken with Umar.
Iranian folklore of Mourning in Muharram and Ashura Iranian way of folkloric mourning in mourning of Muharram^[12]^[13]^[14]^{[failed verification]}

folklore chracters in jokes

Molla Nasr al din
Dakho (دخو)

folklore beliefs

^{[citation needed]}

Ajîleh Moshkel Goshâ "The problem-solving nuts" of Chaharshanbe Suri^[15] ^[16]

folklore music and dance

Pimps, prostitutes and mobs with folkloric significance

Fatemeh Arreh (A character originally in One Thousand and One Nights)
Zaal Mamad (A character, showing a sinister person)

Bibliography

Mohammad-Ali Naqib-al-Mamalek, Amir Arsalan-e Rumi, ed. M. J. Mahjub, Tehran, 1340 sh./1961
German translation: R. Gelpke as Amir Arsalan: Liebe und Abenteuer des Amir Arsalan, Zurich, 1965
Dastan of Amir Hamzah

References

^ Encyclopaedia Iranica (article by M. Omidsalar)
^ Download the book in Persian
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ The placenta was cut and immediately it was poked with a pin or a needle to frighten bad spirits such as ‘Al’. These spirits were closely associated with death of the baby or the mother or anything else that could go wrong at this time. Zoroastrians believed in a number of such dark spirits attacking the mother and the newborn and ‘Al’ resembles the ancient spirits[4].
^ How to play Hokm
^ Encyclopedia Iranica Ganjafa
^ Ganjafa(In Persian)
^ About Âs Nas
^ Jacoby,Morehead, Oswald,Albert. "poker Origin and spread". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite encyclopedia}}: line feed character in |title= at position 6 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link):
Poker is virtually indistinguishable from an older Persian game called as nas, a four-hand game played with a 20-card pack, five cards dealt to each player. This coincidence led some students of games to call poker a derivative of as nas, but this theory has been discredited.
.
^ Chelkowsky, Peter. "THE PASSION (TA'ZIA) OF HOSAYN". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^ Calmard, J. "'AZAÚDAÚRÈ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^ MARZOLPH, ULRICH. "FOLKLORE STUDIES". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.:
"As a result, some topics, especially those of religious relevance (such as the tazieh; see Homayun, 1989; Idem, 1976; Idem, 1998; cf. Waklian, 1991) are prioritized"
^ Serving different kinds of pastry and nuts known as Ajîleh Moshkel Goshâ (lit. The problem-solving nuts) is the Chahârshanbe Sûrî way of giving thanks for the previous year's health and happiness, while exchanging any remaining paleness and evil for the warmth and vibrancy of the fire. [5]
^ [6]

External links

Daily life and social customs An article by Encyclopedia Britanica Online
Folkore studies of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan An article by Encyclopedia Iranica
Folk Poetry An article by Encyclopedia Iranica
The passion (t'azia) of Hussein ibn 'Ali by Peter Chelkowski, an article of Encyclopædia Iranica.

[1] Encyclopaedia Iranica (article by M. Omidsalar)

[2] Download the book in Persian

[3] [1]

[4] [2]

[5] [3]

[6] The placenta was cut and immediately it was poked with a pin or a needle to frighten bad spirits such as ‘Al’. These spirits were closely associated with death of the baby or the mother or anything else that could go wrong at this time. Zoroastrians believed in a number of such dark spirits attacking the mother and the newborn and ‘Al’ resembles the ancient spirits[4].

[7] How to play Hokm

[8] Encyclopedia Iranica Ganjafa

[9] Ganjafa(In Persian)

[10] About Âs Nas

[11] Jacoby,Morehead, Oswald,Albert. "poker Origin and spread". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite encyclopedia}}: line feed character in |title= at position 6 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link):
Poker is virtually indistinguishable from an older Persian game called as nas, a four-hand game played with a 20-card pack, five cards dealt to each player. This coincidence led some students of games to call poker a derivative of as nas, but this theory has been discredited.
.

[12] Chelkowsky, Peter. "THE PASSION (TA'ZIA) OF HOSAYN". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.

[13] Calmard, J. "'AZAÚDAÚRÈ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.

[14] MARZOLPH, ULRICH. "FOLKLORE STUDIES". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-01-18.:
"As a result, some topics, especially those of religious relevance (such as the tazieh; see Homayun, 1989; Idem, 1976; Idem, 1998; cf. Waklian, 1991) are prioritized"

[15] Serving different kinds of pastry and nuts known as Ajîleh Moshkel Goshâ (lit. The problem-solving nuts) is the Chahârshanbe Sûrî way of giving thanks for the previous year's health and happiness, while exchanging any remaining paleness and evil for the warmth and vibrancy of the fire. [5]

[16] [6]

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

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[16]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 </ref>
 *''Otour-khan Rashti''
-*''[[Winston Churchill|Churchill]]'' used for any mischievous person
+*''[[Winston Churchill|Churchill]]'' used for any mischievous person in oral folklore
 *''Jaffar Jenni'' or ''Zaffar Jenni''