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{{Disputed title$2
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict = Battle of Murowana Oszmianka
| conflict = Battle of Murowana Oszmianka
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| casualties2 = 60-69 killed, 287-439 taken prisoner
| casualties2 = 60-69 killed, 287-439 taken prisoner
| casualties3 =
| casualties3 =
| notes = Lower estimates of Lithuanian casualties come from post-war Lithuanian publications, higher estimates come from contemporary reports<ref name="Solak">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Andrzej Solak | year = | month = | title =Swastyka i znak Pogoni: Korpus Plechavičiusa | journal =Myśl Polska | volume = | issue =2006-04-9 | pages = | issn =1733-909X | url =http://cristeros1.w.interia.pl/crist/militaria/swastyka_i_znak_pogoni.htm | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=March 2008}}
| notes = Lower estimates of Lithuanian casualties come from post-war Lithuanian publications, higher estimates come from contemporary reports<ref name="Solak">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Andrzej Solak | year = | month = | title =Swastyka i znak Pogoni: Korpus Plechavičiusa | journal =Myśl Polska | volume = | issue =2006-04-9 | pages = | issn =1733-909X | url =http://cristeros1.w.interia.pl/crist/militaria/swastyka_i_znak_pogoni.htm | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref>
}}
}}


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== Details ==
== Details ==


In early May, the LTDF initatied a wide anti-partisan operation against the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish]] and [[Soviet partisans]] in the area.<ref name="Komar">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Jacek J. Komar | year =2004 | month =09 | title =W Wilnie pojednają się dziś weterani litewskiej armii i polskiej AK (Reconciliation of the veterans of Lithuanian army and the Polish Home Army today in Vilna)| journal =[[Gazeta Wyborcza]] | volume = | issue =2004-09-01 | pages = | id = | url =http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/swiat/1,34234,2262779.html | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> Seven battalions were dispatched to man the garrisons in and around the towns of [[Oszmiany]] (modern Ašmiany, Belarus)<ref name="Banasikowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book|author =Edmund Banasikowski|title=Na zew ziemi wileńskiej|year=1988|pages=p. 123-127|publisher=Editions Spotkania|location=Paris|isbn=28690355|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=qMgfAAAAMAAJ&q=Murowana+Oszmianka&dq=Murowana+Oszmianka&pgis=1|accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> and [[Holszany]] (modern Halšany, Belarus), notably the villages of [[Murowana Oszmianka]], [[Graużyszki]], [[Kuncewicze]], [[Tołminowo]] and [[Nowosiółki]].<ref name="Boradyn">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Zygmunt Boradyn | coauthors =Andrzej Chmielarz, Henryk Piskunowicz | title =Armia Krajowa na Nowogródczyźnie i Wileńszczyźnie (1941-1945) | year =1997 | editor =[[Tomasz Strzembosz]] | pages =p. 40-45 | publisher =Institute of Political Sciences, [[Polish Academy of Sciences]] | location =Warsaw | isbn=8390716803 }}</ref> Initially the struggle against the Polish forces was fairly successful, with numerous [[war crime]]s committed by both sides <ref name="AKwD">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =various authors | coauthors = | title =Armia Krajowa w Dokumentach | year =1976 | editor =Halina Czarnocka | pages =p. 473 | publisher =Studium Polski Podziemnej | location =London | isbn=0950134821 | url =http://books.google.pl/books?id=Yy8rAAAAMAAJ&q=Murowana+Oszmianka&dq=Murowana+Oszmianka&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref><ref name="Solak"/>{{Verify credibility|date=March 2008}}, notably the atrocities against the Polish civilians in [[Pawłów]], [[Graużyszki]] and [[Sieńkowszczyzna]]<ref name="Piotrowski">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Tadeusz Piotrowski]] | coauthors = | title =Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide... | year =1997 | editor = | pages =p. 165-166 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =McFarland & Company | location = | id =ISBN 0-7864-0371-3| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=A4FlatJCro4C&pg=PA166&vq=Murowana&dq=1939+Soviet+citizenship+Poland&source=gbs_search_s&sig=EJD5X62pH3DXOMvJrfvqj7lIeys | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }} See also [http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/holocaust/Resources/BookReviews/jessica.htm review]</ref> However, in early May the Polish resistance fought back and organized a concentrated assault against the fortified Lithuanian positions around the village of [[Murowana Oszmianka]].
In early May, the LTDF initatied a wide anti-partisan operation against the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish]] and [[Soviet partisans]] in the area.<ref name="Komar">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Jacek J. Komar | year =2004 | month =09 | title =W Wilnie pojednają się dziś weterani litewskiej armii i polskiej AK (Reconciliation of the veterans of Lithuanian army and the Polish Home Army today in Vilna)| journal =[[Gazeta Wyborcza]] | volume = | issue =2004-09-01 | pages = | id = | url =http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/swiat/1,34234,2262779.html | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> Seven battalions were dispatched to man the garrisons in and around the towns of [[Oszmiany]] (modern Ašmiany, Belarus)<ref name="Banasikowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book|author =Edmund Banasikowski|title=Na zew ziemi wileńskiej|year=1988|pages=p. 123-127|publisher=Editions Spotkania|location=Paris|isbn=28690355|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=qMgfAAAAMAAJ&q=Murowana+Oszmianka&dq=Murowana+Oszmianka&pgis=1|accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> and [[Holszany]] (modern Halšany, Belarus), notably the villages of [[Murowana Oszmianka]], [[Graużyszki]], [[Kuncewicze]], [[Tołminowo]] and [[Nowosiółki]].<ref name="Boradyn">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Zygmunt Boradyn | coauthors =Andrzej Chmielarz, Henryk Piskunowicz | title =Armia Krajowa na Nowogródczyźnie i Wileńszczyźnie (1941-1945) | year =1997 | editor =[[Tomasz Strzembosz]] | pages =p. 40-45 | publisher =Institute of Political Sciences, [[Polish Academy of Sciences]] | location =Warsaw | isbn=8390716803 }}</ref> Initially the struggle against the Polish forces was fairly successful, with numerous [[war crime]]s committed by both sides <ref name="AKwD">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =various authors | coauthors = | title =Armia Krajowa w Dokumentach | year =1976 | editor =Halina Czarnocka | pages =p. 473 | publisher =Studium Polski Podziemnej | location =London | isbn=0950134821 | url =http://books.google.pl/books?id=Yy8rAAAAMAAJ&q=Murowana+Oszmianka&dq=Murowana+Oszmianka&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref><ref name="Solak"/>, notably the atrocities against the Polish civilians in [[Pawłów]], [[Graużyszki]] and [[Sieńkowszczyzna]]<ref name="Piotrowski">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Tadeusz Piotrowski]] | coauthors = | title =Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide... | year =1997 | editor = | pages =p. 165-166 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =McFarland & Company | location = | id =ISBN 0-7864-0371-3| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=A4FlatJCro4C&pg=PA166&vq=Murowana&dq=1939+Soviet+citizenship+Poland&source=gbs_search_s&sig=EJD5X62pH3DXOMvJrfvqj7lIeys | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }} See also [http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/holocaust/Resources/BookReviews/jessica.htm review]</ref> However, in early May the Polish resistance fought back and organized a concentrated assault against the fortified Lithuanian positions around the village of [[Murowana Oszmianka]].


Overnight of May 13 and May 14 the 3rd Brigade of the [[Home Army]] assaulted the village from the west and north-west, while the 8th and 12th Brigades attacked from the south and east. The remainder of the Polish forces (13th and 9th Brigades) secured the Murowana Oszmianka-Tołminowo road. <ref name="Boradyn"/> The defences, reinforced with concrete bunkers and trenches, were manned by the 301st and 308th battalions of the LVR, the latter detachment already wavering after having suffered a defeat at Graużyszki on May 5, where it suffered 47 casualties and was dispersed by the 8th and 12th Brigades of the Home Army<ref name="Łossowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Piotr Łossowski]]| title =Polska - Litwa: ostanie sto lat | year =1991 | pages =p. 110 | publisher =Oskar | location =Warsaw | isbn=8385239065 | url = | format = | accessdate = }}, also cited in: {{cite paper |author=Dymitri |title=Konflikty polsko-litewskie w latach 1918-45 |version= |publisher=Koło Naukowe Studentów Socjologii, [[Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw]] |date= |url=http://www.knss.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?nazwa=5_1|accessdate=2008-03-15 }}</ref>
Overnight of May 13 and May 14 the 3rd Brigade of the [[Home Army]] assaulted the village from the west and north-west, while the 8th and 12th Brigades attacked from the south and east. The remainder of the Polish forces (13th and 9th Brigades) secured the Murowana Oszmianka-Tołminowo road. <ref name="Boradyn"/> The defences, reinforced with concrete bunkers and trenches, were manned by the 301st and 308th battalions of the LVR, the latter detachment already wavering after having suffered a defeat at Graużyszki on May 5, where it suffered 47 casualties and was dispersed by the 8th and 12th Brigades of the Home Army<ref name="Łossowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Piotr Łossowski]]| title =Polska - Litwa: ostanie sto lat | year =1991 | pages =p. 110 | publisher =Oskar | location =Warsaw | isbn=8385239065 | url = | format = | accessdate = }}, also cited in: {{cite paper |author=Dymitri |title=Konflikty polsko-litewskie w latach 1918-45 |version= |publisher=Koło Naukowe Studentów Socjologii, [[Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw]] |date= |url=http://www.knss.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?nazwa=5_1|accessdate=2008-03-15 }}</ref>


The assault proved successful as the Lithuanian garrisons in nearby towns did not move from their posts<ref name="Banasikowski"/>. In the effect of the battle the Lithuanian force lost at least 60 men, while more than 170 were taken [[prisoner of war]]. Another 117 Lithuanian soldiers were taken prisoner later that night in the nearby village of Tołminowo<ref name="PSZ">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Komisja Historyczna b. Sztabu Głównego w Londynie (corporate author) | coauthors = | title =Polskie Siły Zbrojne w drugiej wojnie światowej | year = | editor = | pages =p. 602 | volume =III | publisher =Adiutor, Instytut Historyczny im. gen. Sikorskiego | location =London | isbn=8386100338 }}</ref> After the battle all Lithuanian [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] were disarmed and set free with only their [[Long underwear|long johns]] and [[helmet]]s on. <ref name="Banasikowski"/> <ref name="Ratajczak">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Dariusz Ratajczak | year = | month = | title =AK na Wileńszczyżnie: sami wśród wilków | journal =Internetowa Gazeta Katolików | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.krajski.com/ak.htm | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=March 2008}} <ref name="Urbankiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Jerzy Urbankiewicz | year =2004 | month =03 | title =Kto kogo rozgromi?... | journal =[[Dziennik łódzki]] | volume = | issue =2004-03-07 | pages = | id = | url =http://jerzyurbankiewicz.mee.pl/view.php?id=150 | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> In the effect of the operation against the [[Home Army]], the LVR became so weakened that after the defeat in the battle of Murowana Oszmianka Plechavičius and his officers were relieved of command and arrested by the Germans soon afterwards. <ref name="Piotrowski"/>
The assault proved successful as the Lithuanian garrisons in nearby towns did not move from their posts<ref name="Banasikowski"/>. In the effect of the battle the Lithuanian force lost at least 60 men, while more than 170 were taken [[prisoner of war]]. Another 117 Lithuanian soldiers were taken prisoner later that night in the nearby village of Tołminowo<ref name="PSZ">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Komisja Historyczna b. Sztabu Głównego w Londynie (corporate author) | coauthors = | title =Polskie Siły Zbrojne w drugiej wojnie światowej | year = | editor = | pages =p. 602 | volume =III | publisher =Adiutor, Instytut Historyczny im. gen. Sikorskiego | location =London | isbn=8386100338 }}</ref> After the battle all Lithuanian [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] were disarmed and set free with only their [[Long underwear|long johns]] and [[helmet]]s on. <ref name="Banasikowski"/> <ref name="Ratajczak">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Dariusz Ratajczak | year = | month = | title =AK na Wileńszczyżnie: sami wśród wilków | journal =Internetowa Gazeta Katolików | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.krajski.com/ak.htm | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> <ref name="Urbankiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Jerzy Urbankiewicz | year =2004 | month =03 | title =Kto kogo rozgromi?... | journal =[[Dziennik łódzki]] | volume = | issue =2004-03-07 | pages = | id = | url =http://jerzyurbankiewicz.mee.pl/view.php?id=150 | format = | accessdate =2008-03-15 }}</ref> In the effect of the operation against the [[Home Army]], the LVR became so weakened that after the defeat in the battle of Murowana Oszmianka Plechavičius and his officers were relieved of command and arrested by the Germans soon afterwards. <ref name="Piotrowski"/>


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==

Revision as of 07:45, 18 March 2008

Battle of Murowana Oszmianka
Part of World War II
DateMay 13 - May 14, 1944
Location
Murowana Oszmianka near Oszmiany, Nazi-occupied territories (Reichskommissariat Ostland)
Result Polish victory
Belligerents
Poland Home Army (Polish Secret State) Lithuania Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force
Strength
3 partisan brigades of the Home Army 2 battalions of the Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force
Casualties and losses
13 killed 60-69 killed, 287-439 taken prisoner
Lower estimates of Lithuanian casualties come from post-war Lithuanian publications, higher estimates come from contemporary reports[1]

The Battle of Murowana Oszmianka of May 13-May 14, 1944, was the largest clash between the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) and the Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force (Lietuvos vietinė rinktinė, LVR) which was allied to Nazi Germany. The battle took place in and near the village of Murowana Oszmianka in Nazi-occupied Poland (modern Muravanaya Ashmyanka, Belarus). In the effect of the battle two Lithuanian battalions were routed and the entire force was disbanded by the Germans soon afterwards. [2]

Details

In early May, the LTDF initatied a wide anti-partisan operation against the Polish and Soviet partisans in the area.[3] Seven battalions were dispatched to man the garrisons in and around the towns of Oszmiany (modern Ašmiany, Belarus)[4] and Holszany (modern Halšany, Belarus), notably the villages of Murowana Oszmianka, Graużyszki, Kuncewicze, Tołminowo and Nowosiółki.[5] Initially the struggle against the Polish forces was fairly successful, with numerous war crimes committed by both sides [6][1], notably the atrocities against the Polish civilians in Pawłów, Graużyszki and Sieńkowszczyzna[2] However, in early May the Polish resistance fought back and organized a concentrated assault against the fortified Lithuanian positions around the village of Murowana Oszmianka.

Overnight of May 13 and May 14 the 3rd Brigade of the Home Army assaulted the village from the west and north-west, while the 8th and 12th Brigades attacked from the south and east. The remainder of the Polish forces (13th and 9th Brigades) secured the Murowana Oszmianka-Tołminowo road. [5] The defences, reinforced with concrete bunkers and trenches, were manned by the 301st and 308th battalions of the LVR, the latter detachment already wavering after having suffered a defeat at Graużyszki on May 5, where it suffered 47 casualties and was dispersed by the 8th and 12th Brigades of the Home Army[7]

The assault proved successful as the Lithuanian garrisons in nearby towns did not move from their posts[4]. In the effect of the battle the Lithuanian force lost at least 60 men, while more than 170 were taken prisoner of war. Another 117 Lithuanian soldiers were taken prisoner later that night in the nearby village of Tołminowo[8] After the battle all Lithuanian prisoners of war were disarmed and set free with only their long johns and helmets on. [4] [9] [10] In the effect of the operation against the Home Army, the LVR became so weakened that after the defeat in the battle of Murowana Oszmianka Plechavičius and his officers were relieved of command and arrested by the Germans soon afterwards. [2]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Andrzej Solak. "Swastyka i znak Pogoni: Korpus Plechavičiusa". Myśl Polska (2006-04-9). ISSN 1733-909X. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  2. ^ a b c Template:En icon Tadeusz Piotrowski (1997). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide... McFarland & Company. pp. p. 165-166. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help) See also review
  3. ^ Template:Pl icon Jacek J. Komar (2004). "W Wilnie pojednają się dziś weterani litewskiej armii i polskiej AK (Reconciliation of the veterans of Lithuanian army and the Polish Home Army today in Vilna)". Gazeta Wyborcza (2004-09-01). Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b c Template:Pl icon Edmund Banasikowski (1988). Na zew ziemi wileńskiej. Paris: Editions Spotkania. pp. p. 123-127. ISBN 28690355. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  5. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Zygmunt Boradyn (1997). Tomasz Strzembosz (ed.). Armia Krajowa na Nowogródczyźnie i Wileńszczyźnie (1941-1945). Warsaw: Institute of Political Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. p. 40-45. ISBN 8390716803. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Template:Pl icon various authors (1976). Halina Czarnocka (ed.). Armia Krajowa w Dokumentach. London: Studium Polski Podziemnej. pp. p. 473. ISBN 0950134821. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ Template:Pl icon Piotr Łossowski (1991). Polska - Litwa: ostanie sto lat. Warsaw: Oskar. pp. p. 110. ISBN 8385239065. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help), also cited in: Dymitri. "Konflikty polsko-litewskie w latach 1918-45". Koło Naukowe Studentów Socjologii, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Template:Pl icon Komisja Historyczna b. Sztabu Głównego w Londynie (corporate author). Polskie Siły Zbrojne w drugiej wojnie światowej. Vol. III. London: Adiutor, Instytut Historyczny im. gen. Sikorskiego. pp. p. 602. ISBN 8386100338. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ Template:Pl icon Dariusz Ratajczak. "AK na Wileńszczyżnie: sami wśród wilków". Internetowa Gazeta Katolików. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  10. ^ Template:Pl icon Jerzy Urbankiewicz (2004). "Kto kogo rozgromi?..." Dziennik łódzki (2004-03-07). Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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