Class

See:

• Mathematical class

• Social class

• Class in object-oriented programming

• In biology, class is one subdivision used in Linnaean taxonomy

Actually, we could use a general article about the very notion of class, which these various (above and below) concepts have in common. A philosopher could write such an article, I imagine...

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Classes vs. types

Philosophers sometimes distinguish classes from types and kinds. We can talk about the class of human beings, just as we can talk about the type (or natural kind), human being, or humanity. How, then, might classes be thought to differ from types? One might well think they are not actually different categories of being, but typically, while both are treated as abstract objects, classes are not usually treated as universals, whereas types usually are. Whether natural kinds ought to be considered universals is vexed; see natural kind.

There is, in any case, a difference in how we talk about types and kinds versus how we talk about classes. We say that Socrates is a token of a type, or an instance of the natural kind, human being. But notice that we say instead that Socrates is a member of the class of human beings. We would not say that Socrates is a "member" of the type or kind, human beings. He is a token (instance) of the type (kind). So the linguistic difference is: types (or kinds) have tokens (or instances); classes, on the other hand, have members.

The distinctions are admittedly none too clear, and one thing that philosophers do in thinking about these topics is to try to get clear on them.