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{{redirect6|Testarossa|the [[Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha]] character|Fate Testarossa|the [[Full Metal Panic]] character|Teletha Tessa Testarossa}}
{{redirect6|Testarossa|the [[Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha]] character|Fate Testarossa|the [[Full Metal Panic]] character|Teletha Tessa Testarossa}}
{{Infobox Automobile
{| border="0" align="right"
|image = [[File:LateTestarossia.jpg|300px]]
|-
|name = Ferrari Testarossa
|{{Infobox Automobile
|manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
| image = [[Image:Ferrari Testarossa - 001.jpg|250px|Ferrari Testarossa]]
|parent_company = [[Fiat Group]]
| name = Ferrari Testarossa
|aka =
| manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
|production = 1984–1996
| parent_company = [[Fiat Group]]
|assembly = [[Maranello]], [[Italy]]
| aka =
|predecessor = [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|Ferrari BB 512i]]
| production = 1984–1996
| assembly = [[Maranello]], [[Italy]]
|successor = [[Ferrari 550|Ferrari 550 Maranello]]
|class = [[Sports car]]
| predecessor = [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|Ferrari BB 512i]]
|body_style = [[Berlinetta]]
| successor = [[Ferrari 550|Ferrari 550 Maranello]]
|layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
| class = [[Sports car]]
|platform =
| body_style = [[Berlinetta]]
|engine =
| layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
|transmission =
| platform =
| engine =
|wheelbase =
|length =
| transmission =
| wheelbase =
|width =
| length =
|height =
| width =
|weight =
|fuel_capacity =
| height =
| weight =
|related =
|designer =
| fuel_capacity =
| related =
| designer =
}}
}}
|-
|{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:LateTestarossia.jpg|250px|Ferrari Testarossia]]
| name = Testarossa
| manufacturer =
| parent_company =
| aka =
| production = 1984–1992
| assembly =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| class =
| body_style =
| layout =
| platform =
| engine = 4.9L [[flat-12]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{auto mm|2550|1}}
| length = {{auto mm|4486|1}}
| width = {{auto mm|1976|1}}
| height = {{auto mm|1130|1}}
| weight =
| fuel_capacity =
| related =
| designer =
}}
|-
|{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:Ferrari 512 TR 1.jpg|250px|Ferrari 512TR]]
| name = 512 TR
| manufacturer =
| parent_company =
| aka =
| production = 1991–1994
| assembly =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| class =
| body_style =
| layout =
| platform =
| engine = 4.9L [[flat-12]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{auto mm|2550|1}}
| length = {{auto mm|4481|1}}
| width = {{auto mm|1976|1}}
| height = {{auto mm|1135|1}}
| weight = {{auto kg|1656|0}}
| fuel_capacity =
| related =
| designer =
}}
|-
|{{Infobox Automobile generation
| image = [[Image:F512M_1996_.jpg|250 px|Ferrari F512 M]]
| name = F512 M
| manufacturer =
| parent_company =
| aka =
| production = 1995–1996
| assembly =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| class =
| body_style =
| layout =
| platform =
| engine = 4.9 L [[flat-12]]
| transmission =
| wheelbase =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| fuel_capacity =
| related =
| designer =
}}
|}
The '''Ferrari Testarossa''' is a 12-cylinder [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] [[sports car]] made by [[Ferrari]], which went into production in 1984 as the successor to the [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer]]. The [[Pininfarina]]-designed [[car]] was radically wide at 1976 mm (77.8 in) and low at just 1135 mm (44.7 in) high.


The '''Ferrari Testarossa''' is a 12-cylinder [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] [[sports car]] made by [[Ferrari]], which went into production in 1984 as the successor to the [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer]]. The [[Pininfarina]]-designed [[car]] was wide at {{auto mm|1976|1}} and just {{auto mm|1130|1}} high for the original 1984 to 1991 Testarossa.<ref name=testarossa/> Almost 10,000 Testarossas, 512 TRs, and F512 Ms were produced, making it one of the most common Ferrari models, despite its high price and exotic design.<ref name=carfolio/><ref name=howstuffworks/>
It should not be confused with the [[Ferrari TR]] "Testa Rossa" of the late 1950s and early 1960s. These were GT [[sports car racing|sports cars]] that ran in the [[World Sportscar Championship]], including the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]].

The Testarossa was replaced in 1996 by the [[Front-engine design|front-engined]] [[Ferrari 550|550 Maranello]] [[coupe]].

The vehicle should not be confused with the [[Ferrari TR]] "Testa Rossa" of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which were GT [[sports car racing|sports cars]] that ran in the [[World Sportscar Championship]], including the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]].<ref name=howstuffworks/>

==Name==
The '''Testarossa''' name, which means "red head" in [[Italian language|Italian]], comes from the red-painted cam covers on the [[flat-12]] engine.<ref name=drivingtoday>{{cite web |url=http://www.drivingtoday.com/autobytel/greatest_cars/ferrari_testarossa/index.html |title=Ferrari Testarossa |first=Jack |last=Nerad |work=Driving Today |accessdate=2009-01-02}}</ref> Of course, the [[double entendre]] with a red-headed woman was intentional; in fact, Ferrari and Pininfarina regularly use descriptive terms related to a female's body when describing the style of their automobiles.

==Development==
The car's roots can be traced back to the faults of the 1981 [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|512i BB]].<ref name=drivingtoday/> The problems the Testarossa was conceived to fix from the 512 BB included: were a cabin that got increasingly hot from the indoor plumbing that ran between the front-mounted radiator and the midships-mounted engine and a lack of luggage space.<ref name=drivingtoday/> To fix these problems [[Ferrari]] designed the Testarossa to be larger than its predecessor, the [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|Berlinetta Boxer]]. For instance, at {{convert|77.8|in|mm|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} wide the Testarossa was half a foot wider than the Boxer. To solve the uncomfortable heat problem in the cabin, the Testarossa had twin [[Radiator#Automobiles|radiators]] in the back with the engine instead of a single radiator up-front.<ref name=drivingtoday/>

To accommodate luggage, the [[wheelbase]] was stretched about {{convert|2.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} to {{convert|100.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}. This addition created extra storage space behind the seats in the cabin, and carpeted storage under the front forward-opening hood.<ref name=drivingtoday/>

Both shared the same basic platform, though the Testarossa added [[coilover]] [[shock absorber]]s to the [[double wishbone]]s at the rear. The engine was similar, too, though it now featured [[multivalve|4 valves per cylinder]].


==Testarossa==
==Testarossa==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
The '''Testarossa''' name, which means "red head" in Italian, comes from the red-painted cam covers on the [[flat-12]] engine. Of course, the [[double entendre]] with a red-headed woman was intentional; in fact, Ferrari and Pininfarina regularly use descriptive terms related to a female's body when describing the style of their automobiles.
|image = [[File:Ferrari Testarossa.jpg|250px]]
|name = Testarossa
|manufacturer = Ferrari
|parent_company =
|production = 1984&ndash;1991 (7,177 produced)<ref name=testarossa>{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimatecarpage.com/car/1889/Ferrari-Testarossa.html |title=1984-1991 Ferrari Testarossa |date=2004-21-01 |accessdate=2009-01-02 |first=Wouter |last=Melissen |work=Ultimate car page}}</ref><ref name=carfolio>{{cite web |url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=38148 |title=Carfolio: Ferrari Testarossa |accessdate=2009-01-02 |publisher=Carfolio}}</ref>
|assembly =
|predecessor = [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|Ferrari BB 512i]]
|successor = [[Ferrari Testarossa#512TR|512TR]]
|class = [[Sports car]]
|body_style = 2-door Berlinetta
|layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
|platform =
|engine = 4.9&nbsp;L [[flat-12]] {{convert|291|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
|wheelbase = {{auto mm|2550|1}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|length = {{auto mm|4485|1}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|width = {{auto mm|1976|1}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|height = {{auto mm|1130|1}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|weight = {{auto kg|1506|1}}<ref name=testarossa/>
|fuel_capacity = {{convert|115|L|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=carfolio/>
|designer = [[Pininfarina]]
|sp = us
}}


===Overview===
The engine was technically a 180° [[V engine]], since it shared [[V8#Cross-plane and flat-plane|flat-plane crankshaft]] pins with opposing cylinders. Output was {{convert|390|PS|kW hp|1|abbr=on}} and after 1989 catalytic converter version {{convert|380|PS|kW hp|1|abbr=on}}.
The Testarossa is a two-door [[coupe]] with a fixed roof. The [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout]] (engine between the axles but behind the cabin) keeps the [[centre of gravity]] in the middle of the car, which increases stability and improves the car's cornering ability. The standing [[weight distribution]] is 40% front: 60% rear.<ref name=carfolio/>


====Engine====
The car won many comparison tests and admirers - it was featured on the cover of ''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine nine times in just five years. Almost 10,000 Testarossas, 512 TRs, and F512 Ms were produced, making it one of the most common Ferrari models, despite its high price and exotic design. The price of the Testarossa in the US was $181,000 in 1989, including a $2,700 [[Energy Tax Act|"gas-guzzler" tax]]. The original selling price in the UK was £62,666<ref>1989 Road and Driver, Exotic Edition.</ref>
The Testarossa sports a 4.9 litre ({{convert|4942|cc|cuin|0||abbr=off|lk=on|disp=s}}) [[Flat-12]] ([[V12 engine|V12]]) engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.<ref name=testarossa/> Each [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] has four [[Poppet valve|valves]], with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a [[dry sump]] system, and a [[compression ratio]] of 9.30:1.<ref name=carfolio/> These combine to provide a maximum [[Torque#Machine torque|torque]] of {{convert|491|Nm|ftlbf|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} at 4500&nbsp;rpm and a maximum power of 291&nbsp;[[kilowatt]]s (390.4&nbsp;[[Horsepower#PS|PS]]/385&nbsp;[[Horsepower|bhp]]) at 6300&nbsp;[[rpm]].<ref name=carfolio/><ref name=testarossa/>


The Ferrari Testarossa can accelerate from 0&ndash;{{convert|60|mph|km/h|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} in 5.2&nbsp;seconds and on to {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in 11.40&nbsp;seconds<ref name=carfolio/> (though [[Motor Trend|Motor Trend Magazine]] managed 5.29&nbsp;seconds and 100&nbsp;mph in 11.3&nbsp;seconds, respectively).<ref name=howstuffworks/> It can complete a standing (from stationary) [[quarter mile]] in 13.50&nbsp;seconds or a standing kilometre in 23.80&nbsp;seconds.<ref name=carfolio/> The maximum speed of the Testarossa is {{convert|275|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolio/> The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed [[manual transmission]].
The car's roots may be traced back to the [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer|BB 512i]] of 1981. Both shared the same basic platform, though the Testarossa added [[coilover]] [[shock absorber]]s to the [[double wishbone]]s at the rear. The engine was similar, too, though it now featured [[multivalve|4 valves per cylinder]]. One significant mechanical difference was the radiator: the 512 BB featured a single radiator in the nose, while the Testarossa used a pair of smaller units on each side in front of the rear wheels. This necessitated the distinctive side-mounted air intakes and strakes, as well as the wide body. It also helped in lowering the cabin's temperature, since the radiator's hoses did not run under it.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!Gear!!Final Drive
|-
|'''Ratio'''<ref name=carfolio/> ||3.21:1
|}

====Wheels====
The Testarossa has {{convert|16|in|mm|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} wheels with a width of {{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on}} at the front and {{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on}} at the rear. The tire code for the front wheels are 225/50 VR 16 and 255/50 VR 16 for the rear tires.<ref name=carfolio/> The front brakes have a diameter of {{convert|309|mm|in|2|abbr=off|lk=on}} and the rear brakes have a diameter of {{convert|310|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolio/>

====Reception====
{{seealso|Cars in Miami Vice}}

The car won many comparison tests and admirers - it was featured on the cover of ''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine nine times in just five years. The price of the Testarossa in the US was $181,000 in 1989, including a $2,700 [[Energy Tax Act|"gas-guzzler" tax]]. The original selling price in the UK was £62,666.<ref>1989 Road and Driver, Exotic Edition.</ref>


Although successful on the road, the Testarossa did not appear on race tracks, unlike the BB 512i, which had done so with minor success.
Although successful on the road, the Testarossa did not appear on race tracks, unlike the BB 512i, which had done so with minor success.


As the car became synonymous with 80s yuppies and nowadays plays a part of the 80's retro culture,<ref>[http://cars.uk.msn.com/News/car_news_article.aspx?cp-documentid=475254 MSN: Top 10 Iconic 80s cars]</ref> such popularity meant that the Testarossa has made appearance in numerous video games, even in its illustrations, most notably the arcade games ''[[Out Run]]'' and ''[[Hard Drivin]]'', and in the TV series ''[[Miami Vice]]'', onward from season three. Even its side strakes has at the time became a popular aftermarket body component for wide arch kits.<ref>[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ferrari-testarossa.htm howstuffworks: Ferrari Testarossa]</ref> The Testarossa still frequently makes appearances in video games.
As the car became synonymous with 80s yuppies and nowadays plays a part of the 80's retro culture,<ref>[http://cars.uk.msn.com/News/car_news_article.aspx?cp-documentid=475254 MSN: Top 10 Iconic 80s cars]</ref> such popularity meant that the Testarossa has made appearance in numerous video games, even in its illustrations, most notably the arcade games ''[[Out Run]]'' and ''[[Hard Drivin]]'', and in the TV series ''[[Miami Vice]]'', onward from season three. Even its side strakes has at the time became a popular aftermarket body component for wide arch kits.<ref>[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ferrari-testarossa.htm howstuffworks: Ferrari Testarossa]</ref> The Testarossa still frequently makes appearances in video games.

Jack Nerad of ''[[Driving Today]]'' states, the Testarossa "... [was] a car designed and built to cash in on an image. And since cashing in was what the Eighties were all about, it was the perfect vehicle for its time. The saving grace was, it was also a damn good automobile."<ref name=drivingtoday/>


==512TR==
==512TR==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
|image = [[Image:Ferrari Testarossa - 001.jpg|250px]]
|name = 512 TR
|manufacturer = Ferrari
|parent_company =
|aka =
|production = 1992&ndash;1994 (2,300 produced)<ref name=howstuffworks>{{cite web |url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ferrari-testarossa.htm |title=Ferrari Testarossa |author=Auto Editors of Consumer Guide |work=How Stuff Works |accessdate=2009-01-03}}</ref>
|assembly =
|predecessor = [[Ferrari Testarossa#Testarossa|Testarossa]]
|successor = [[Ferrari Testarossa#F512M|F512M]]
|class = Sports Car
|body_style = 2-door Berlinetta
|layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
|platform =
|engine = 4.9&ndash;L [[flat-12]] {{convert|316.9|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=carfolio512TR>{{cite web |url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=31834 |title=Carfolio: Ferrari 512 TR |accessdate=2009-01-03 |publisher=Carfolio}}</ref>
|transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
|wheelbase = {{auto mm|2550|1}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|length = {{auto mm|4485|1}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|width = {{auto mm|1941|1}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|height = {{auto mm|1135|1}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|weight = {{auto kg|1471|0}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|fuel_capacity = {{convert|110|L|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
|designer = Pininfarina
}}


===Overview===
The original Testarossa was thoroughly re-engineered for 1991 and released as the '''512 TR''', effectively a completely new car. It increased the output of the 4.9&nbsp;L engine to {{convert|428|PS|kW hp|1|abbr=on}}.
The original Testarossa was thoroughly re-engineered for 1992 and released as the '''512 TR''', at the [[Los Angeles Auto Show]], effectively a completely new car.<ref name=howstuffworks/>


====Engine====
The 512 TR's engine was modified in many ways. [[Nikasil]] liners were added, along with a new air intake system, [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] engine management system, 10.1:1 compression ratio with new pistons, larger intake valves, and a revised exhaust system. In addition to the higher peak power, the modifications delivered a more broad power curve for better acceleration.
The 512 TR's engine was modified in many ways. [[Nikasil]] liners were added, along with a new air intake system, [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] engine management system, 10.1:1 compression ratio with new pistons, larger intake valves, and a revised exhaust system. In addition to the higher peak power, the modifications delivered a more broad power curve for better acceleration.


Gearshifting effort, long a complaint about the Testarossa, was eased with a new single-plate clutch, sliding ball bearings, and better angle for the shifter. The braking system included larger front rotors and cross-drilling all around. Quicker steering, lower-profile tires, and new shock settings improved handling. Most importantly, engine and gearbox position was rethought, which improved the centre of gravity, aiding the handling and making the car less fearsome on the limit.
Gearshifting effort, long a complaint about the Testarossa, was eased with a new single-plate clutch, sliding ball bearings, and better angle for the shifter. The braking system included larger front rotors and cross-drilling all around. Quicker steering, lower-profile tires, and new shock settings improved handling. Most importantly, engine and gearbox position was rethought, which improved the centre of gravity, aiding the handling and making the car less fearsome on the limit.


The interior was revised too, with the center console split from the dashboard, and the climate controls relocated. Pininfarina tweaked the body of the car to better integrate the spoilers and engine cover and update the design in line with the recently released [[Ferrari 348|348]]. A recall was issued in 1995, regarding fuel hose fitting issues.<ref>[http://www.carfax.com/car_safety/ratings/srr.cfm/year/1993/make/FERRARI CARFAX], US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recall no. 94V131000</ref> Over 400 models had this defect. Certain variances in temperature and environment would cause the hose to fail.
The interior was revised too, with the center console split from the dashboard, and the climate controls relocated. Pininfarina tweaked the body of the car to better integrate the spoilers and engine cover and update the design in line with the recently released [[Ferrari 348|348]].


The 512 TR could accelerate to 100&nbsp;km/h (62&nbsp;mph) in 4.8 seconds and could reach the quarter mile mark in 12.8 seconds. Top speed was 192&nbsp;mph (309&nbsp;km/h). It cost US$212,160 in 1992 with luxury items, the "gas-guzzler" taxes, and destination freight.
It cost US$212,160 in 1992 with luxury items, the "gas-guzzler" taxes, and destination freight.


The 512TR sports a 4.9 litre ({{convert|4942|cc|cuin|0||abbr=off|lk=on|disp=s}}) [[Flat-12]] engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> Each [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] has four [[Poppet valve|valves]], with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a [[dry sump]] system, and a [[compression ratio]] of 10.00:1.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> These combine to provide a maximum [[Torque#Machine torque|torque]] of {{convert|488|Nm|ftlbf|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm and a maximum power of 316.9&nbsp;[[kilowatt]]s (430.9&nbsp;[[Horsepower#PS|PS]]/425&nbsp;[[Horsepower|bhp]]) at 6750&nbsp;[[rpm]].<ref name=carfolio512TR/>
==F512M==<!-- This section is linked from [[Ferrari]] -->
The ''Modificata'' '''F512 M''' was the modified final Testarossa, with power now climbing to {{convert|440|PS|kW hp|1|abbr=on}}. The first [[Ferrari 512|512 M]] was also a modified version of the 512 S race car in 1970. Released in 1994, the F512 M was the company's last [[mid-engine]]d 12-cylinder car, apart from the [[Ferrari F50|F50]] and [[Enzo Ferrari (car)|Ferrari Enzo]], featuring the company's last [[flat engine]]. It was replaced in 1996 by the [[Front-engine design|front-engined]] [[Ferrari 550|550 Maranello]] [[coupe]]. It should also be noted this car featured a different front lid with twin [[NACA duct]]s, and totally revised fixed headlamps. The rear of the car also controversially received four round [[F355]] style lamps, replacing the classic straked rear grille.


The Ferrari 512TR can accelerate from 0&ndash;{{convert|60|mph|km/h|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} in 4.90&nbsp;seconds and on to {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in 10.70&nbsp;seconds.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> It can complete a standing (from stationary) [[quarter mile]] in 13.20&nbsp;seconds or a standing kilometre in 23.40&nbsp;seconds.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> The maximum speed of the Testarossa is {{convert|314|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed [[manual transmission]].
== Pictures ==

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!Gear!!Final Drive
|-
|'''Ratio'''<ref name=carfolio512TR/> ||3.45:1
|}

A recall was issued in 1995, regarding [[Fuel line|fuel hose]] fitting issues.<ref name=carfax>{{cite web |url=http://www.carfax.com/car_safety/ratings/srr.cfm/year/1993/make/FERRARI |title=1993 FERRARI 512TR |work=US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recall no. 94V131000 |publisher=CarFax |accessdate=2009-01-03}}</ref> Over 400 models had this defect which was caused by variances in temperature and environment. Another recall was issued in relation to the passive restraint system on [[seat belt]]s not functioning properly, on over 2,000 512TR's.<ref name=carfax/> If the restaint system suffered a mechanical or electrical failure only the lap belt would provide the occupant protection.

====Wheels====
The 512 TR has {{convert|18|in|mm|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} wheels with a width of {{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on}} at the front and {{convert|10.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} at the rear. The tire code for the front wheels are 235/40 ZR 18 and 295/35 ZR 18 for the rear tires.<ref name=carfolio512TR/> The front brakes have a diameter of {{convert|315|mm|in|2|abbr=off|lk=on}} and the rear brakes have a diameter of {{convert|310|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolio512TR/>

==F512M==
{{Infobox Automobile generation
|image = [[Image:F512M 1996 .jpg|250 px|Ferrari F512 M]]
|name = F512 M
|manufacturer = Ferrari
|parent_company =
|aka =
|production = 1995&ndash;1996 (500 produced)<ref name=howstuffworks/>
|assembly =
|predecessor = [[Ferrari Testarossa#512TR|512TR]]
|successor = [[Ferrari 550|Ferrari 550 Maranello]]
|class = [[Sports car]]
|body_style = 2-door Berlinetta
|layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]]
|platform =
|engine = 4.9&nbsp;L [[flat-12]] {{convert|328.1|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=carfolioF512M>{{cite web |url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=32439 |title=Carfolio: Ferrari F512 M |accessdate=2009-01-03 |publisher=Carfolio}}</ref>
|transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
|wheelbase = {{auto mm|2550|1}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|length = {{auto mm|4480|1}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|width = {{auto mm|1976|1}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|height = {{auto mm|1118|1}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|weight = {{auto kg|1455|1}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|fuel_capacity = {{convert|110|L|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=carfolioF512M/>
|designer = Pininfarina
|sp = us
}}

===Overview===
The '''F512 M''' was introduced at 1994’s [[Paris Auto Show]].<ref name=howstuffworks/> The car dropped the ''TR'' initials and added the ''M'' which in [[Italian language|Italian]] stood for modificata, or translated to modified, and was the final version of the Testarossa.<ref name=testarossa/><ref name=howstuffworks/> The F512 M was the Ferrari's last [[mid-engine]]d 12-cylinder car, apart from the [[Ferrari F50|F50]] and [[Enzo Ferrari (car)|Ferrari Enzo]], featuring the company's last [[flat engine]].

====Engine====
The F512 M sports a 4.9 litre ({{convert|4942|cc|cuin|0||abbr=off|lk=on|disp=s}}) [[Flat-12|flat-12]] engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.<ref name=testarossa/> Each [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] has four [[Poppet valve|valves]], with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a [[dry sump]] system, and a [[compression ratio]] of 10.40:1.<ref name=carfolioF512M/> These combine to provide a maximum [[Torque#Machine torque|torque]] of {{convert|499|Nm|ftlbf|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm and a maximum power of {{convert|446.1|PS|kW hp|1|abbr=on|lk=on|disp=s}} at 6750&nbsp;[[rpm]].<ref name=carfolioF512M/>

The Ferrari F512 M can accelerate from 0&ndash;{{convert|60|mph|km/h|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} in 4.80&nbsp;seconds and on to {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in 10.20&nbsp;seconds.<ref name=carfolioF512M/> It can complete a standing (from stationary) [[quarter mile]] in 12.70&nbsp;seconds or a standing kilometre in 22.70&nbsp;seconds.<ref name=carfolioF512M/> The maximum speed of the Testarossa is {{convert|315|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolioF512M/> The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed [[manual transmission]].

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!Gear!!Final Drive
|-
|'''Ratio'''<ref name=carfolioF512M/> ||3.31:1
|}

====Exterior====
This car featured a different front lid with twin [[NACA duct]]s, and totally revised fixed headlamps. The rear of the car also controversially received four round [[F355]] style lamps, replacing the classic straked rear grille.

====Wheels====
The F512 M has {{convert|18|in|mm|0|abbr=off|lk=on}} wheels with a width of {{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on}} for both the front and rear tires. The tires are ''[[Pirelli]] P Zero'' with codes for the front wheels of 235/40 ZR 18 and 295/35 ZR 18 for the rear tires.<ref name=carfolioF512M/> The front brakes have a diameter of {{convert|315|mm|in|2|abbr=off|lk=on}} and the rear brakes have a diameter of {{convert|310|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=carfolioF512M/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Ferrari_512_TR_2.JPG|1994 512TR
Image:Ferrari_512_TR_2.JPG|Profile of a 1994 512TR
File:Ferrari 512 TR.jpg|Rear of a 1994 512TR
File:Ferrari Testarossa - 003.jpg|The side intakes on a 512TR
File:SC06 1991 Ferrari Testarossa engine.jpg|A 1991 Testarossa Engine
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite journal|title=Ferrari Testarossa|journal=[[Road and Track]]|issue=June 1989|pages=64&ndash;69|author=Bob Johnson}}
*{{cite book | author=Buckley, Martin & Rees, Chris| title=World Encyclopedia of Cars | location=London | publisher=Anness Publishing | year=1998 | isbn=1-84038-083-7 }}
*"Retail Prices, Import Cars," ''Automotive News,'' April, 1986: page 53.
*{{cite journal|title=Preview: Ferrari 512TR|journal=[[Car and Driver]]|issue=March 1992|pages=57&ndash;59|author=William Jeanes}}

==External links==
{{commons|Ferrari Testarossa}}
{{commons|Ferrari Testarossa}}
* {{imcdb vehicle|make=Ferrari|model=Testarossa|Ferrari Testarossa}}
* {{cite journal|title=Ferrari Testarossa|journal=[[Road and Track]]|issue=June 1989|pages=64&ndash;69|author=Bob Johnson}}
* {{cite book | author=Buckley, Martin & Rees, Chris| title=World Encyclopedia of Cars | location=London | publisher=Anness Publishing | year=1998 | isbn=1-84038-083-7 }}
* "Retail Prices, Import Cars," ''Automotive News,'' April, 1986: page 53.
* {{cite journal|title=Preview: Ferrari 512TR|journal=[[Car and Driver]]|issue=March 1992|pages=57&ndash;59|author=William Jeanes}}


{{Ferrari vehicles}}
{{Ferrari vehicles}}

Revision as of 21:20, 3 January 2009

Template:Redirect6

Ferrari Testarossa
Overview
ManufacturerFerrari
Production1984–1996
AssemblyMaranello, Italy
Body and chassis
ClassSports car
Body styleBerlinetta
LayoutRear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Chronology
PredecessorFerrari BB 512i
SuccessorFerrari 550 Maranello

The Ferrari Testarossa is a 12-cylinder mid-engined sports car made by Ferrari, which went into production in 1984 as the successor to the Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer. The Pininfarina-designed car was wide at Template:Auto mm and just Template:Auto mm high for the original 1984 to 1991 Testarossa.[1] Almost 10,000 Testarossas, 512 TRs, and F512 Ms were produced, making it one of the most common Ferrari models, despite its high price and exotic design.[2][3]

The Testarossa was replaced in 1996 by the front-engined 550 Maranello coupe.

The vehicle should not be confused with the Ferrari TR "Testa Rossa" of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which were GT sports cars that ran in the World Sportscar Championship, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[3]

Name

The Testarossa name, which means "red head" in Italian, comes from the red-painted cam covers on the flat-12 engine.[4] Of course, the double entendre with a red-headed woman was intentional; in fact, Ferrari and Pininfarina regularly use descriptive terms related to a female's body when describing the style of their automobiles.

Development

The car's roots can be traced back to the faults of the 1981 512i BB.[4] The problems the Testarossa was conceived to fix from the 512 BB included: were a cabin that got increasingly hot from the indoor plumbing that ran between the front-mounted radiator and the midships-mounted engine and a lack of luggage space.[4] To fix these problems Ferrari designed the Testarossa to be larger than its predecessor, the Berlinetta Boxer. For instance, at 77.8 inches (1,976 millimetres) wide the Testarossa was half a foot wider than the Boxer. To solve the uncomfortable heat problem in the cabin, the Testarossa had twin radiators in the back with the engine instead of a single radiator up-front.[4]

To accommodate luggage, the wheelbase was stretched about 2.5 in (64 mm) to 100.4 in (2,550 mm). This addition created extra storage space behind the seats in the cabin, and carpeted storage under the front forward-opening hood.[4]

Both shared the same basic platform, though the Testarossa added coilover shock absorbers to the double wishbones at the rear. The engine was similar, too, though it now featured 4 valves per cylinder.

Testarossa

Testarossa
Overview
ManufacturerFerrari
Production1984–1991 (7,177 produced)[1][2]
DesignerPininfarina
Body and chassis
ClassSports car
Body style2-door Berlinetta
LayoutRear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine4.9 L flat-12 291 kW (390 hp)[1]
Transmission5-speed manual
Dimensions
WheelbaseTemplate:Auto mm[1]
LengthTemplate:Auto mm[1]
WidthTemplate:Auto mm[1]
HeightTemplate:Auto mm[1]
Curb weightTemplate:Auto kg[1]
Chronology
PredecessorFerrari BB 512i
Successor512TR

Overview

The Testarossa is a two-door coupe with a fixed roof. The Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (engine between the axles but behind the cabin) keeps the centre of gravity in the middle of the car, which increases stability and improves the car's cornering ability. The standing weight distribution is 40% front: 60% rear.[2]

Engine

The Testarossa sports a 4.9 litre (4,942 cubic centimetres (302 cubic inches)*) Flat-12 (V12) engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.[1] Each cylinder has four valves, with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a dry sump system, and a compression ratio of 9.30:1.[2] These combine to provide a maximum torque of 491 newton-metres (362 foot-pounds force) at 4500 rpm and a maximum power of 291 kilowatts (390.4 PS/385 bhp) at 6300 rpm.[2][1]

The Ferrari Testarossa can accelerate from 0–60 miles per hour (97 kilometres per hour) in 5.2 seconds and on to 100 mph (161 km/h) in 11.40 seconds[2] (though Motor Trend Magazine managed 5.29 seconds and 100 mph in 11.3 seconds, respectively).[3] It can complete a standing (from stationary) quarter mile in 13.50 seconds or a standing kilometre in 23.80 seconds.[2] The maximum speed of the Testarossa is 275 km/h (171 mph).[2] The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed manual transmission.

Gear Final Drive
Ratio[2] 3.21:1

Wheels

The Testarossa has 16 inches (406 millimetres) wheels with a width of 8 in (200 mm) at the front and 10 in (250 mm) at the rear. The tire code for the front wheels are 225/50 VR 16 and 255/50 VR 16 for the rear tires.[2] The front brakes have a diameter of 309 millimetres (12.17 inches) and the rear brakes have a diameter of 310 mm (12.20 in).[2]

Reception

See also: Cars in Miami Vice

The car won many comparison tests and admirers - it was featured on the cover of Road & Track magazine nine times in just five years. The price of the Testarossa in the US was $181,000 in 1989, including a $2,700 "gas-guzzler" tax. The original selling price in the UK was £62,666.[5]

Although successful on the road, the Testarossa did not appear on race tracks, unlike the BB 512i, which had done so with minor success.

As the car became synonymous with 80s yuppies and nowadays plays a part of the 80's retro culture,[6] such popularity meant that the Testarossa has made appearance in numerous video games, even in its illustrations, most notably the arcade games Out Run and Hard Drivin, and in the TV series Miami Vice, onward from season three. Even its side strakes has at the time became a popular aftermarket body component for wide arch kits.[7] The Testarossa still frequently makes appearances in video games.

Jack Nerad of Driving Today states, the Testarossa "... [was] a car designed and built to cash in on an image. And since cashing in was what the Eighties were all about, it was the perfect vehicle for its time. The saving grace was, it was also a damn good automobile."[4]

512TR

512 TR
Overview
ManufacturerFerrari
Production1992–1994 (2,300 produced)[3]
DesignerPininfarina
Body and chassis
ClassSports Car
Body style2-door Berlinetta
LayoutRear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine4.9–L flat-12 316.9 kW (425 hp)[8]
Transmission5-speed manual
Dimensions
WheelbaseTemplate:Auto mm[8]
LengthTemplate:Auto mm[8]
WidthTemplate:Auto mm[8]
HeightTemplate:Auto mm[8]
Curb weightTemplate:Auto kg[8]
Chronology
PredecessorTestarossa
SuccessorF512M

Overview

The original Testarossa was thoroughly re-engineered for 1992 and released as the 512 TR, at the Los Angeles Auto Show, effectively a completely new car.[3]

Engine

The 512 TR's engine was modified in many ways. Nikasil liners were added, along with a new air intake system, Bosch engine management system, 10.1:1 compression ratio with new pistons, larger intake valves, and a revised exhaust system. In addition to the higher peak power, the modifications delivered a more broad power curve for better acceleration.

Gearshifting effort, long a complaint about the Testarossa, was eased with a new single-plate clutch, sliding ball bearings, and better angle for the shifter. The braking system included larger front rotors and cross-drilling all around. Quicker steering, lower-profile tires, and new shock settings improved handling. Most importantly, engine and gearbox position was rethought, which improved the centre of gravity, aiding the handling and making the car less fearsome on the limit.

The interior was revised too, with the center console split from the dashboard, and the climate controls relocated. Pininfarina tweaked the body of the car to better integrate the spoilers and engine cover and update the design in line with the recently released 348.

It cost US$212,160 in 1992 with luxury items, the "gas-guzzler" taxes, and destination freight.

The 512TR sports a 4.9 litre (4,942 cubic centimetres (302 cubic inches)*) Flat-12 engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.[8] Each cylinder has four valves, with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a dry sump system, and a compression ratio of 10.00:1.[8] These combine to provide a maximum torque of 488 newton-metres (360 foot-pounds force) at 5500 rpm and a maximum power of 316.9 kilowatts (430.9 PS/425 bhp) at 6750 rpm.[8]

The Ferrari 512TR can accelerate from 0–60 miles per hour (97 kilometres per hour) in 4.90 seconds and on to 100 mph (161 km/h) in 10.70 seconds.[8] It can complete a standing (from stationary) quarter mile in 13.20 seconds or a standing kilometre in 23.40 seconds.[8] The maximum speed of the Testarossa is 314 km/h (195 mph).[8] The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed manual transmission.

Gear Final Drive
Ratio[8] 3.45:1

A recall was issued in 1995, regarding fuel hose fitting issues.[9] Over 400 models had this defect which was caused by variances in temperature and environment. Another recall was issued in relation to the passive restraint system on seat belts not functioning properly, on over 2,000 512TR's.[9] If the restaint system suffered a mechanical or electrical failure only the lap belt would provide the occupant protection.

Wheels

The 512 TR has 18 inches (457 millimetres) wheels with a width of 8 in (200 mm) at the front and 10.5 in (270 mm) at the rear. The tire code for the front wheels are 235/40 ZR 18 and 295/35 ZR 18 for the rear tires.[8] The front brakes have a diameter of 315 millimetres (12.40 inches) and the rear brakes have a diameter of 310 mm (12.20 in).[8]

F512M

F512 M
Ferrari F512 M
Overview
ManufacturerFerrari
Production1995–1996 (500 produced)[3]
DesignerPininfarina
Body and chassis
ClassSports car
Body style2-door Berlinetta
LayoutRear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine4.9 L flat-12 328.1 kW (440 hp)[10]
Transmission5-speed manual
Dimensions
WheelbaseTemplate:Auto mm[10]
LengthTemplate:Auto mm[10]
WidthTemplate:Auto mm[10]
HeightTemplate:Auto mm[10]
Curb weightTemplate:Auto kg[10]
Chronology
Predecessor512TR
SuccessorFerrari 550 Maranello

Overview

The F512 M was introduced at 1994’s Paris Auto Show.[3] The car dropped the TR initials and added the M which in Italian stood for modificata, or translated to modified, and was the final version of the Testarossa.[1][3] The F512 M was the Ferrari's last mid-engined 12-cylinder car, apart from the F50 and Ferrari Enzo, featuring the company's last flat engine.

Engine

The F512 M sports a 4.9 litre (4,942 cubic centimetres (302 cubic inches)*) flat-12 engine mounted at 180º mid, longitudinally mounted.[1] Each cylinder has four valves, with forty-eight valves total, lubricated via a dry sump system, and a compression ratio of 10.40:1.[10] These combine to provide a maximum torque of 499 newton-metres (368 foot-pounds force) at 5500 rpm and a maximum power of 446.1 PS (328.1 kW; 440.0 hp)* at 6750 rpm.[10]

The Ferrari F512 M can accelerate from 0–60 miles per hour (97 kilometres per hour) in 4.80 seconds and on to 100 mph (161 km/h) in 10.20 seconds.[10] It can complete a standing (from stationary) quarter mile in 12.70 seconds or a standing kilometre in 22.70 seconds.[10] The maximum speed of the Testarossa is 315 km/h (196 mph).[10] The power is fed to the wheels through a rear-mounted, five-speed manual transmission.

Gear Final Drive
Ratio[10] 3.31:1

Exterior

This car featured a different front lid with twin NACA ducts, and totally revised fixed headlamps. The rear of the car also controversially received four round F355 style lamps, replacing the classic straked rear grille.

Wheels

The F512 M has 18 inches (457 millimetres) wheels with a width of 8 in (200 mm) for both the front and rear tires. The tires are Pirelli P Zero with codes for the front wheels of 235/40 ZR 18 and 295/35 ZR 18 for the rear tires.[10] The front brakes have a diameter of 315 millimetres (12.40 inches) and the rear brakes have a diameter of 310 mm (12.20 in).[10]

  • Profile of a 1994 512TR
    Profile of a 1994 512TR
  • Rear of a 1994 512TR
    Rear of a 1994 512TR
  • The side intakes on a 512TR
    The side intakes on a 512TR
  • A 1991 Testarossa Engine
    A 1991 Testarossa Engine

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Melissen, Wouter (2004-21-01). "1984-1991 Ferrari Testarossa". Ultimate car page. Retrieved 2009-01-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Carfolio: Ferrari Testarossa". Carfolio. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Auto Editors of Consumer Guide. "Ferrari Testarossa". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2009-01-03. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Nerad, Jack. "Ferrari Testarossa". Driving Today. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  5. ^ 1989 Road and Driver, Exotic Edition.
  6. ^ MSN: Top 10 Iconic 80s cars
  7. ^ howstuffworks: Ferrari Testarossa
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Carfolio: Ferrari 512 TR". Carfolio. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  9. ^ a b "1993 FERRARI 512TR". US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recall no. 94V131000. CarFax. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Carfolio: Ferrari F512 M". Carfolio. Retrieved 2009-01-03.

References

  • Bob Johnson. "Ferrari Testarossa". Road and Track (June 1989): 64–69.
  • Buckley, Martin & Rees, Chris (1998). World Encyclopedia of Cars. London: Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84038-083-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • "Retail Prices, Import Cars," Automotive News, April, 1986: page 53.
  • William Jeanes. "Preview: Ferrari 512TR". Car and Driver (March 1992): 57–59.
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