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Coupland has presented different narratives concerning the origin of the title ''Generation X''. In one version, the title came from the work of Paul Fussell.<ref>Gary Dexter, "History of the Name", ''The Sunday Telegraph'', January 20, 2008</ref> In Fussell's 1983 book ''Class'', the term ''category X'' designated a part of America's social hierarchy rather than a generation. As Coupland explained in a 1995 interview, “In his final chapter, Fussell named an ‘X’ category of people who wanted to hop off the merry-go-round of status, money, and social climbing that so often frames modern existence.” However, in a 1989 magazine article,<ref>Coupland, Doug. “[http://joeclark.org/dossiers/GenerationX.pdf Generation X].” ''Vista'', 1989.</ref> Coupland attributed the term “Generation X” to [[Billy Idol]]. |
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===Novel=== |
===Novel=== |
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Revision as of 20:48, 4 July 2009
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| Author | Douglas Coupland |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Genre | Postmodern literature, Novel |
| Publisher | St. Martin's Press |
Publication date | March 15, 1991 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 192 pp |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-312-05436-X (paperback) Parameter error in {{ISBNT}}: invalid character |
| Followed by | Shampoo Planet |
Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, published by St. Martin's Press in 1991, is the first novel by Douglas Coupland. The novel popularized the term Generation X, which refers to Americans and Canadians who reached adulthood in the late 1980s. It is a framed narrative, in which a group of youth exchange heartfelt stories about themselves and fantastical stories of their creation.
Coupland will release a similarly-titled Generation A in September 2009.[1]
Synopsis
Generation X is a framed narrative, like Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales or The Decameron by Boccaccio. The framing story is that of three friends—Dag, Claire, and the narrator, Andy—living together in the Mojave Desert in California. The tales are told by the various characters in the novel, which is arranged into three parts. Each chapter is separately titled rather than numbered, with titles such as "I Am Not A Target Market" and "Adventure Without Risk Is Disneyland".
Part One
The first part of the novel takes place over the course of a picnic. Andrew, Dag, and Claire tell each other stories—some personal, others imagined—over the course of the day. Through these tales, the reader glimpses the characters' motivations and personalities.
Part Two
The initial group of characters is expanded in this section, which introduces stories from additional characters: Claire's boyfriend Tobias, Claire's friend and Dag's love interest Elvissa, Andy's brother Tyler, and Andy's boss and neighbour and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. MacArthur. Each character represents a cultural type; Elvissa is constantly stuck in the past, Tobias is a "yuppie", Tyler is a "global teen", and the neighbours represent members of an older generation. The frame is muted here, as the narrative draws back to reveal more of the main characters, while allowing for other characters' stories to be heard.
Part Three
In this section, the novel continues to pull back its focus, as Andy and Claire travel away from California. Again, the frame is enlarged to include additional characters. Claire travels to New York, while Andy takes a dreaded trip to visit his family. Through the characters' personal and mental journeys, more tales are told and more of the characters' personal stories are revealed.
Characters
Andrew "Andy" Palmer
The book's narrator and main character. Andy is a bartender (a "McJob," as he describes it). He is close friends with Dag and Claire. He is from Portland, Oregon.
Dagmar "Dag" Bellinghausen
A former office worker, he now works with Andy at the bar, and lives next door to him. He is obsessed with the possibility of a nuclear holocaust, and is prone to occasional erratic behavior. Unlike the other characters (who are American), he is a Canadian, from Toronto.
Claire Baxter
A friend of Andy and Dag that lives in a neighboring bungalow. She is from a large family connected by multiple divorces. She wants to live life as Andy and Dag are trying to, but struggles, partially because of her relationship with Tobias. She is from Los Angeles, California.
Tobias
Claire's boyfriend, a superficial yuppie. He finds the lifestyle of Andy, Dag, and Claire to be interesting, but is unable to commit to it. Neither Andy nor Dag likes him, and he is a foil to the other characters in the novel.
Elvissa
Claire's best friend, and Dag's love interest. She finds herself constantly trapped in the past, never quite catching up to the modern world.
Tyler
Andy's younger brother. As the youngest child in a large family, he is somewhat spoiled, but secretly wishes he could live as Andy does. He is a "global teen", later deemed by the media to be a member of Generation Y, and bears great similarity to the main character in Coupland's second novel, Shampoo Planet, that shares his name and mannerisms.
Inspiration
Title
Coupland has presented different narratives concerning the origin of the title Generation X. In one version, the title came from the work of Paul Fussell.[2] In Fussell's 1983 book Class, the term category X designated a part of America's social hierarchy rather than a generation. As Coupland explained in a 1995 interview, “In his final chapter, Fussell named an ‘X’ category of people who wanted to hop off the merry-go-round of status, money, and social climbing that so often frames modern existence.” However, in a 1989 magazine article,[3] Coupland attributed the term “Generation X” to Billy Idol.
Novel
Coupland felt that people his age were being misclassified as members of the Baby Boomer generation.
I just want to show society what people born after 1960 think about things... We're sick of stupid labels, we're sick of being marginalized in lousy jobs, and we're tired of hearing about ourselves from others
— Coupland, Boston Globe, 1991 [4]
Character names
The characters are named after locations in Antarctica.[5]
Neologisms
The neologisms are similar to (and inspired by) the work of Jenny Holzer.
History
In 1987, Coupland (who was born in 1961) wrote an article for Vancouver Magazine in which he lamented the lack of realization for people within his own birth cohort. A year later, he received a $22,500 forward from St. Martin's Press to complete a handbook on the "generation" that he had outlined in the article.[6] Coupland moved to the Mojave to work on the book, which became a novel. This surprised the publishing company,[7] who canceled the work, which was subsequently accepted by St. Martin's Press and published in March 1991.[8]
The novel was a sleeper bestseller,[9] growing in popularity after a slow start.[10] Several terms from the book, such as McJob and Generation X, entered the popular vernacular, and Coupland was declared a spokesman for Generation X and lauded for having a feeling for the zeitgeist of the age.[11]
The Generation X fanfare continued through the publication of his second novel, Shampoo Planet, the follow-up about a younger generation; it was also met with fanfare, and Coupland again called a spokesman for a generation. However, Coupland constantly denied both the idea that there was a Generation X and that he was a spokesman.
This is going to sound heretical coming from me, but I don't think there is a Generation X. What I think a lot of people mistake for this thing that might be Generation X is just the acknowledgment that there exists some other group of people whatever, whoever the might be, younger than, say, Jane Fonda's baby boom.
— Coupland, CNN, 1994 [12]
Coupland was offered large sums of money to act as a marketing consultant for the Generation X age group,[13] but he turned them down, notably refusing to create an advertisement for Gap.[14] "Generation X" nonetheless became a marketing force, as the name and ideas were used to market products and services, such as the clothing store Generation Next and the 1995 Citroën car model called "Le Generation X".
In 1994, before the publication of Microserfs, Coupland declared in Details magazine that Generation X was dead.[15] He stated that the term had been co-opted as a marketing term, and that members of Generation X were relatively resistant to marketing ploys.
The biting, ironic tone of the novel and its pop culture allusions helped bring about a new era of transgressive fiction, including the work of authors Irvine Welsh and Chuck Palahniuk. Still in use are the term Generation X and its many derivatives, such as Generation Y. Many critics linked the novel to the popularity of grunge and alternative rock, but it makes no reference to grunge, and the song that is widely credited for boosting grunge into mainstream popularity (Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit") was released after the novel's publication.
Editions
- ISBN 0-312-05436-X (paperback, 1991)
- ISBN 0-349-10331-3 (softcover, 1992)
- ISBN 0-312-11814-7 (hardcover, 1994)
- ISBN 0-349-10839-0 (paperback, 1996)
- ISBN 0-06-039250-9 (hardcover, 2000)
External links
References
- ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Generation-Douglas-Coupland/dp/0434019836/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1237977591&sr=8-12
- ^ Gary Dexter, "History of the Name", The Sunday Telegraph, January 20, 2008
- ^ Coupland, Doug. “Generation X.” Vista, 1989.
- ^ Mark Muro, "Baby Buster's Resent life in Boomers' Debris", The Boston Globe, November 10, 1991, City Edition
- ^ Susan Chenery, "Into the City of the Mind", Sydney Morning Herald, August 22, 1994
- ^ Steve Lohr, "No More McJobs for Mr. X", The New York Times, May 29, 1994
- ^ Steve Lohr, "No More McJobs for Mr. X", The New York Times, May 29, 1994
- ^ Leah McLaren, "Birdman of B.C.", The Globe and Mail, September 28, 2006
- ^ Deirdre Donahue, "Douglas Coupland, chronicling post-boomers", USA Today, September 21, 1992
- ^ Steve Lohr, "No More McJobs for Mr. X", The New York Times, May 29, 1994
- ^ Brian Boyd, "Whatever Happened to the X Generations", The Irish Times, July 2, 1994
- ^ Heads Up, CNN, April 30, 1994
- ^ Tom Hodgkinson, "Age of the Cool Nerd", The Guardian, October 24, 1995
- ^ Naomi Klein, "Being born again is easy in senile society", The Toronto Star, June 29, 1995
- ^ Robert Benzie, "A One-Hit Wonder Generationally Xpired", The Toronto Sun, May 20, 1995