Wu Ming

The picture that Wu Ming used as an "official portrait" from 2001 to 2008, when the quintet became a quartet. As of January 14, 2009, the image is completely absent from the group's official website.

Wu Ming (extended name: Wu Ming Foundation) is a pseudonym for a group of Italian authors formed in 2000 from a subset of the Luther Blissett community in Bologna.

In their pre-Wu Ming days, the group wrote the novel Q (first edition 1999).

Unlike the open name "Luther Blissett", "Wu Ming" stands for a defined group of writers active in literature and popular culture. The band authored several novels, some of which have been translated in many countries.

Their books are seen as part of a body of literary works (the "nebula", as it is frequently called in Italy) described as the New Italian Epic, a phrase that was proposed by Wu Ming themselves.

Meaning of the name

In Chinese, "wu ming" means either "anonymous" (simplified Chinese: 无名; traditional Chinese: 無名; pinyin: wú míng) or "five names" (Chinese: 五名; pinyin: wǔ míng), depending on how the first syllable is pronounced. The name of the band is meant both as a tribute to dissidents ("Wu Ming" is a common byline among Chinese citizens demanding democracy and freedom of speech) and as a refusal of the celebrity-making machine which turns the author into a star. "Wu Ming" is also a reference to the third sentence in the Dàodéjīng (Tao Te Ching): "Wu ming tian di zhi shi"（無名天地之始）, "Nameless is Heaven's and Earth's Origin".

Members and public personae

The members of Wu Ming are typically known as "Wu Ming 1", "Wu Ming 2", "Wu Ming 3", "Wu Ming 4", and "Wu Ming 5". Real names are not secret though:

• Roberto Bui (Wu Ming 1)
• Giovanni Cattabriga (Wu Ming 2)
• Luca Di Meo (Wu Ming 3 - He left the group in the spring of 2008)
• Federico Guglielmi (Wu Ming 4)
• Riccardo Pedrini (Wu Ming 5)

The five authors do extensive book tours (which they describe as "almost gratefuldeadesque") and frequently appear in public. However, they refuse to be photographed or filmed by the media. Even on their official website, they do not provide any pictures of themselves. Here is how Wu Ming 1 explained the group's stance in a 2007 interview:

Once the writer becomes a face... it's a cannibalistic jumble: that face appears everywhere, almost always out of context. A photo is witness to my absence; it's a banner of distance and solitude. A photo paralyses me, it freezes my life into an instant, it negates my ability to transform into something else. I become a "character", a stopgap to hurriedly fill a page layout, an instrument that amplifies banality. On the other hand my voice - with its grain, with its accents, with its imprecise diction, its tonalities, rhythms, pauses and vacillations - is witness to a presence even when I'm not there; it brings me close to people and doesn't negate my transformative capacity because its presence is dynamic, alive and trembling even when seemingly still.

In Wu Ming's official biographical page (Italian version), the collective denies rumors they once beat up a press photographer:

"The dates and places vary, but the core of all versions stays the same. Well, it never ever happened, but it's true that, like Auda Ibu Tay in Lawrence of Arabia or King Kong in the famous gala opening scene, we're no camera-mongers. We don't go on TV either. We are shy."

54

Main article: 54 (novel)

54 is the most representative amongst the books written by the collective in its early years. It is a complex novel about popular culture, the shattered dreams of the Italian Resistance, and the relationship between Europe and America.

Background research began in 1999, after the publication of the group's previous novel Q. Plots were outlined in the aftermath of the Kosovo War. Actual writing work ended ten days after September 11th, on the eve of the war in Afghanistan. These two wars are explicitly referred to in the novel's End Titles: "Begun in May 1999, during the Nato bombings of Belgrade. Delivered to the Italian publishers on 21 September 2001, awaiting the escalation". The events leading to (and following) September 11th are also allegorically described in the book's forenote.

54 was published in Italy in the springtime of 2002. In the following months, Wu Ming collaborated with Italian folk-rock band Yo Yo Mundi, whose ensuing concept album 54 (2004) was directly inspired from the novel.

Radio Alice / Working Slowly

Wu Ming is also credited as co-writers for the Italian film Lavorare con lentezza (aka Radio Alice), directed by Guido Chiesa, released in Italy in 2004.

The original title means "Working slowly" and cites a protest song, a popular leftist anthem in the 1970's: "Work slowly / And effortlessly / Work may hurt you / And send you to the hospital / Where there's no bed left / And you may even die. / Work slowly / And effortlessly / Health is priceless." (Translated by Wu Ming)

The film is set during an actual student uprising that paralysed Bologna for several days in March 1977. Several narrative threads are woven around Radio Alice, the station run by the "creative wing" (the so-called "Mao-Dadaists") of the radical Autonomia movement. In the morning of March 11 a brawl involving radical and catholic students escalated to a full-scale riot in the university district. The Carabinieri riot squad attacked and shot down a 25-year-old student called Francesco Lorusso. As a result, thousands of students and activists stormed the centre of the town, clashing with the police and throwing molotov cocktails. On March 13 the premises of Radio Alice were invaded and vandalised by the police, the station was shut down and every member of the staff was arrested. The film tells the story mixing real anecdotes with semi-fictional characters.

Radio Alice has won several awards and prizes at movie festivals all over Europe, including the Marcello Mastroianni Award for the Best Young Actors at the 2004 Venice Film Festival and the First Prize at the 2005 Festival de Cinema Politic in Barcelona, Spain.

Manituana

Manituana is the latest of Wu Ming's collectively authored novels. It was written in the 2003-07 period and published in Italy in 2007. It is the first episode of an 18th-century pan-Atlantic trilogy which the authors call "the Atlantic Tryptich". All novels will be set in the 1770's, all across the Atlantic Ocean (North America, Europe, the West Indies and Africa), before and during the American Revolution.

In the springtime of 2007, Manituana reached #4 in the Italian best-seller charts The English translation will be published in the UK and the US by Verso Books in the Summer of 2009.

In an entry on their weblog, Wu Ming wrote that

Manituana was written between 2003 and 2007, and it soaked up all the tensions of that period: S11, the Neoconservative hegemony on US foreign policy, the lies on Saddam allegedly keeping weapons of mass destruction hidden in the desert, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, George W. Bush winning his second term thanks to the Christian right in 2004, Silvio Burlesquoni conquering the hearts and minds of the majority of Italians etc.

The novel is set in the years 1775-1783 in New York's Mohawk Valley, Quebec and London (UK). Among the many real historical chapters that populate the book, the most important ones are Joseph Brant, war chief of the Mohawk nation, and Molly Brant, a matron of the Wolf clan in the Iroquois Six Nations.

In Italy Manituana was awarded the Premio Sergio Leone 2007 and the Premio Emilio Salgari 2008.

Return to Q

In May 2009 Wu Ming announced that they had almost finished writing a new book, set "in [their debut novel] Q's world and historical continuum". They announced it would be published in Italy in the Fall of 2009. "After this accomplisment", they wrote, "we’ll go back to the Atlantic Triptych."

The solo novels

Starting from 2001, each individual member of Wu Ming also authored one or more "solo" novels. Some of them have been translated into other languages, but not yet in English.

Wu Ming 1 is the author of New Thing (2004), an " unidentified narrative object" blending fiction, journalism and free verse. It is an allegorical tale on free jazz and the 1960's, set in 1967 New York City and constructed around John Coltrane's final days. The French newspaper Le Monde described the book as "a choral novel, an inquiry, and a political jam-session loaded with syncopated poetry"

Wu Ming 2 is the author of Guerra agli Umani [War on the Humans] (2004), a satire of primitivism and survivalism set on the Appennines in an undefined year. The main character and narrator is called Marco, but he nicknames himself "Marco Walden", after H.D. Thoreau's 1854 novel. At the beginning of the book, Marco quits his job as a restroom cleaner at a big cemetery, because he wants to leave the city (presumably Bologna, although it remains unnamed), go to the mountains and become a "hunter-gatherer superhero".

Wu Ming 4 is the author of Stella del mattino [Star of the Morning] (2008). The novel is set in 1919 Oxford and centered around T.E. Lawrence suffering writer's block while working on The Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Among the characters Lawrence encounters in the book, important roles are played by writers J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis and, most notably, Robert Graves. Wu Ming themselves described Stella del mattino as "the best solo novel ever manifactured in our smithy" and "a bridge between our collective and solo novels" .

Wu Ming 5 is the author of both Havana Glam (2001) and Free Karma Food (2007). Havana Glam is set in an alternate 1970's world where David Bowie is a communist sympathizer and has a "Cuban period" instead of a " Berlin period". This causes some turmoil in Havana, as the Cuban intelligence suspect the rockstar to be an infiltrator. Free Karma Food describes a future society where all kinds of cattle have been killed by a global pandemic known as "The Great Murrain". Some Italian critics described Wu Ming 5's novels as belonging to the literary sub-genre known as "New Weird". Such inclusion, however, has been questioned in weblogs and social network discussion groups devoted to science-fiction.

Bibliography

The group has published several novels in print and online, released under a Creative Commons license, and they are available for download on the group's website. As of January 2009, only Q and 54 have been translated into English, whereas most books are available in several European languages.

• Q (originally written as Luther Blissett, 1999)
• Hatchets of War (with Vitaliano Ravagli, 2000)
• Havana Glam (by Wu Ming 5, 2001)
• 54 (2002). Translated into English, Spanish, Portuguese (Brazilian), and Dutch
• This Revolution Has No Face (2002). A Spanish anthology of articles and short stories
• Giap! (2003). An Italian anthology of articles and short stories
• War on the Humans (by Wu Ming 2, 2004). Translated into Dutch and French
• New Thing (by Wu Ming 1, 2004). Translated into Portuguese (Brazilian), Spanish and French
• Hatchets of War 2.0 (with Vitaliano Ravagli, 2005)
• Free Karma Food (by Wu Ming 5, 2006)
• Manituana (2007, Translated into English, Spanish and French)
• Weather Reports (2008)
• Morning Star (2008)
• Grand River: A Journey (2008)
• New Italian Epic (a collection of essays on literature, 2009)

External links

• Official website's biographical page in English.
• Wu Ming's English language blog
• A very extensive and detailed interview with the Wu Ming Foundation, conducted by professor Henry Jenkins and published on his blog in two installments, Part 1 and Part 2.
• Wu Ming 1 talks on the New Italian Epic at Middlebury College, Vermont, March 31, 2008
• A double interview on 3:AM Magazine, 2003-2005, English.
• Lavorare Con Lentezza at IMDb
• In 2006 Chicago Review published two stories ("In Like Flynn" and "The Emperor's Three Hundred Woodcutters") by and an interview with Wu Ming.