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The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body and registered charity (212808) committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care for patients, regulating surgery, including dentistry, in England and Wales. The College is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London.

History

The origins of the College go back to the fourteenth century with the foundation of the 'Guild of Surgeons Within the City of London'^[1]. There was dispute between the surgeons and barber surgeons until an agreement was signed between them in 1493, giving the fellowship of surgeons the power of incorporation^[2] This union was formalised further in 1540 by Henry VIII of England between the Worshipful Company of Barbers (incorporated 1462) and the Guild of Surgeons to form the Company of Barber-Surgeons. In 1745 the surgeons broke away from the barbers to form the Company of Surgeons. In 1800 the Company was granted a Royal Charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London. A further charter in 1843 granted it the present title of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Fellows

The original 300 Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FRCS) include:

John Abernethy (1764–1831)
John Badley (1783–1870)
Robert Keate (1777–1857)
Richard Partridge (1805–1873)

The correct way to address a member or fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons is to use the title Mr, Miss, Mrs, or Ms (not Dr). This system (which applies only to surgeons, not physicians) has its origins in the 16th century, when surgeons were barber-surgeons and did not have a medical degree (or indeed any formal qualification), unlike physicians, who held a University medical degree. When the College of Surgeons received its royal charter, the Royal College of Physicians insisted that candidates must have a medical degree first. Therefore an aspiring surgeon had to study medicine first and received the title Doctor. Thereafter, having obtained the diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons he would revert to the title "Mr" as a snub to the RCP. The title {Mr} only applied to Fellows, not Members with the diploma MRCS. In fact members of the College (holding a MRCS) are referred to as Mr and the College addresses them as such.

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles, the distinction is made in the following conversation:

"Come, come, we are not so far wrong after all," said Holmes. "And now, Dr. James Mortimer--"

"Mister, sir, Mister--a humble M.R.C.S."

Despite Mortimer's correction, he is referred to as "Dr. Mortimer" throughout the story.

A biographical register of fellows is available on Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online

Buildings

The Company of Surgeons moved from Surgeon's Hall in Old Bailey to a site at 41 Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1797. Construction of the first College building, to a design by George Dance the Younger, and James Lewis, took from 1805 to 1813. Before long, a survey by Sir Kayrun Naher uncovered structural defects. In 1833 Sir Charles Barry won the public competition to design a replacement. The library and portico of this building are all that remain today after a German incendiary bomb hit the College in 1941.

Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England

In 1799 the government purchased the collection of John Hunter which they presented to the College. This formed the basis of the Hunterian Collection, which has since been supplemented by others including an Odontological Collection and the natural history collections of Richard Owen. The museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the Evelyn tables and the skeleton of the "Irish giant" Charles Byrne, and many surgical instruments

Faculties

Past Masters and Presidents

Name	Presidential term
John Black	2008-^[3]
Bernard Ribeiro	2005-08^[4]
Hugh Phillips	2004–05^[5]
Professor Sir Peter Morris	2001-04^[6]
Barry Jackson	1998-2001
Rodney Sweetnam	1995-98
Professor Sir Norman Browse	1992-95
Terence English	1989-92
Ian Todd	1986-89
Geoffrey Slaney	1982-86
Alan Parks	1980-82
Reginald Murley	1977-80
Rodney Smith	1973-77
Edward Muir	1972
Thomas Holmes Sellors	1969-72
Hedley Atkins	1966-69
Russell Brock, Baron Brock	1963-66
Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt	1960-63^[7]
James Patterson Ross	1957-60
Harry Platt	1954-57
Cecil Wakeley	1949-54
Alfred Webb Johnson	1941-48
Hugh Lett	1938-40
Cuthbert Wallace	1935-37
Holburt Jaconb Waring	1932-34
Berkeley Moynihan	1926-31
John Bland-Sutton	1923-23
Anthony Alfred Bowlby	1920-22
George Henry Makins	1917-19
William Cheyne	1914-16
Rickman Godlee	1911-1913
Henry Trentham Butlin	1909-11
Henry Morris	1906-08
John Tweedy	1903-05
Henry Greenaway Howse	1901-02
William MacCormac	1896-1900
Christopher Heath	1895
John Whitaker Hulke	1893-94
Thomas Bryant	1890-92
Jonathan Hutchinson	1889
Sir William Scovell Savory, 1st Baronet	1885-88
John Cooper Forster	1884
John Marshall	1883
Thomas Spencer Wells	1882
William James Erasmus Wilson	1881
John Eric Erichson	1880
Luther Holden	1879
John Simon	1878
John Birkett	1877
Prescott Gardner Hewett	1876
James Paget	1875
Frederick Le Gros Clark	1874
Thomas Blizard Curling	1873
Henry Hancock	1872
George Busk	1871
William Fergusson	1870
Edward Cock	1869
Richard Quain	1868
John Hilton	1867
Richard Partridge	1866
Thomas Wormald	1865
Joseph Hodgson	1864
Frederic Carpenter Sky	1863
James Luke	1862
Caesar Henry Hawkins	1861
John Flint South	1860
James Moncrieff Arnott	1859
Joseph Henry Green	1858
Edward Stanley	1857
Benjamin Travers	1856
William Lawrence	1855
George James Guthrie	1854
James Luke	1853
Caesar Hawkins	1852
John Flint South	1851
James Moncrieff Arnott	1850
Joseph Henry Green	1849
Edward Stanley	1848
Benjamin Travers	1847
William Lawrence	1846
Samuel Cooper	1845
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie	1844
John Goldwyer Andrews	1843
Anthony White	1842
George James Guthrie	1841
John Painter Vincent	1840
Robert Keate	1839
Honoratus Leigh Thomas	1838
Sir Anthony Carlisle	1837
Astley Paston Cooper	1836
John Goldwyer Andrews	1835
Anthony White	1834
George James Guthrie	1833
John Painter Vicent	1832
Robert Keate	1831
Richard Clement Headington	1830
Honoratus Leigh Thomas	1829
Sir Anthony Carlisle	1828
Astley Paston Cooper	1827
John Abernethy	1826
William Lynn	1825
William Norris	1824
Henry Cline	1823
William Blizard	1822
Everard Home	1821-22
Thompson Foster	1820
Sir David Dundas	1819
Thomas Keate	1818
George Chandler	1817
Sir James Earle	1817
William Norris	1816
Henry Cline	1815
William Blizard	1814
Everard Home	1813
Thompson Foster	1812
David Dundas	1811
Sir Charles Blicke	1810
Thomas Keate	1809
George Chandler	1808
Sir James Earle	1807
Charles Hawkins	1806
Thompson Forster	1805
David Dundas	1804
Sir Charles Blicke	1803
Thomas Keate	1802
George Chandler	1801
William Long	1800
Charles Hawkins	1799-1800
James Earle	1798
John Gunning	1797
Isaac Minors	1796
William Cooper	1795
William Walker	1794
John Wyatt	1793
Samuel Howard	1792
William Lucas	1791
Charles Hawkins	1790
John Gunning	1789
Henry Watson	1788
Edmund Pitts	1787
Isaac Minors	1786
Henry Watson	1785
Joseph Warner	1784
Richard Grindall	1782-3
Peter Triquet	1781
Joseph Warner	1780
Fleming Pinkstan	1779
Pennell Hawkins	1778
Robert Young	1776-77
Richard Grindall	1775
Matthew Spray	1774
Joseph Warner	1773
John Pyle	1772
Wentworth Gregory	1770-71
William Bromfeild	1769
Benjamin Cowell	1768
Robert Adair	1767
Stafford Crane	1766
Percival Pott	1765
Robert Young	1764
John Blagden	1763
John Townsend	1762
David Middleton	1761
Edward Nourse	1760
Christopher Fullagar	1759
Mark Hawkins	1758
William Singleton	1757
John Westbrook	1756
Noah Roul	1755
James Hickes	1754
Legard Sparham	1753
John Ranby	1751-52
Peter Sainthill	1749-50
Caesar Hawkins	1748
John Freke	1747
William Cheselden	1746
John Ranby	1745

External links

References

^ Louis Kuo Tai Fu (2000)The origins of surgery. 2: From barbers to surgeons Annals of the College of Surgeons Hong Kong 4 (1), 35–49. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2034.2000.00029.x
^ http://www.hom.ucalgary.ca/Dayspapers2003.pdf, page 118
^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 10 April 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
^ "Hugh Phillips". London: The Independent. 16 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 7 July 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
^ G, H. H. (4 January 1994). "Lord Porritt". London: The Independent. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

[1] Louis Kuo Tai Fu (2000)The origins of surgery. 2: From barbers to surgeons Annals of the College of Surgeons Hong Kong 4 (1), 35–49. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2034.2000.00029.x

[2] ttp://www.hom.ucalgary.ca/Dayspapers2003.pdf, page 118

[3] "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 10 April 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

[4] "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

[5] "Hugh Phillips". London: The Independent. 16 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

[6] "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 7 July 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

[7] G, H. H. (4 January 1994). "Lord Porritt". London: The Independent. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

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@@ Line 451: / Line 451: @@
 * [http://www.rcseng.ac.uk Official website]
 * [http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/museums Hunterian Museum and Wellcome Museum website]
+* [http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/ Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online]
 ==References==