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A '''viability assay''' is an [[assay]] to determine the ability of [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s or [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s to maintain or recover its [[viability]]. For example, examining the ratio of [[potassium]] to [[sodium]] in cells indicates viability because if cells do not have high intracellular potassium and low intracellular sodium: (1) the [[cell membrane]] may not be intact
A '''viability assay''' is an [[assay]] to determine the ability of [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s or [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s to maintain or recover its [[viability]]. For example, examining the ratio of [[potassium]] to [[sodium]] in cells indicates viability because if cells do not have high intracellular potassium and low intracellular sodium: (1) the [[cell membrane]] may not be intact
(2)&nbsp;the [[Na+/K+-ATPase|sodium-potassium pump]] may not be operating well <ref>{{cite journal | author=Lindner B, Seydel U | title=Mass spectrometric analysis of drug-induced changes in Na+ and K+ contents of single bacterial cells | journal=JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY | volume=129 | issue=1 | year=1983 | pages=51–55 | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/129/1/51 | id=PMID 633967 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Pichugin Y, Fahy GM, Morin R | title=Cryopreservation of rat hippocampal slices by vitrification | journal=CRYOBIOLOGY | volume=52 | issue=2 | year=2006 | pages=228–240 | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://www.21cm.com/pdfs/hippo_published.pdf | id=PMID 16403489 }}</ref> As with many kinds of viability assays, quantitative measures of physiological function do not indicate whether damage repair and recovery is possible.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Crutchfield A, Diller K, Brand J | title=Cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) | journal=EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY | volume=34 | issue=1 | year=1999 | pages=43–52 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/tejp/1999/00000034/00000001/art00006| doi = 10.1080/09670269910001736072 }}</ref>
(2)&nbsp;the [[Na+/K+-ATPase|sodium-potassium pump]] may not be operating well <ref>{{cite journal | author=Lindner B, Seydel U | title=Mass spectrometric analysis of drug-induced changes in Na+ and K+ contents of single bacterial cells | journal=JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY | volume=129 | issue=1 | year=1983 | pages=51–55 | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/129/1/51 | id=PMID 633967 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Pichugin Y, Fahy GM, Morin R | title=Cryopreservation of rat hippocampal slices by vitrification | journal=CRYOBIOLOGY | volume=52 | issue=2 | year=2006 | pages=228–240 | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://www.21cm.com/pdfs/hippo_published.pdf | id=PMID 16403489 }}</ref> As with many kinds of viability assays, quantitative measures of physiological function do not indicate whether damage repair and recovery is possible.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Crutchfield A, Diller K, Brand J | title=Cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) | journal=EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY | volume=34 | issue=1 | year=1999 | pages=43–52 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/tejp/1999/00000034/00000001/art00006| doi = 10.1080/09670269910001736072 }}</ref> [[Fluorescence|Fluorescent]]-based assays do not require large sample sizes. <ref>{{cite web | title = Overview of Probes for Cell Viability, Cell Proliferation and Live-Cell Function—Section 15.1 | work = Invitrogen | publisher = Life Technologies | date = 2010 | url = http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/References/Molecular-Probes-The-Handbook/Assays-for-Cell-Viability-Proliferation-and-Function/Overview-of-Probes-for-Cell-Viability-Cell-Proliferation-and-Live-Cell-Function.html | format = [[HTML]] | accessdate = 2010-10-15 }}</ref>


==Classification of viability assays==
==Classification of viability assays==

Revision as of 17:19, 15 October 2010

A viability assay is an assay to determine the ability of cells or tissues to maintain or recover its viability. For example, examining the ratio of potassium to sodium in cells indicates viability because if cells do not have high intracellular potassium and low intracellular sodium: (1) the cell membrane may not be intact (2) the sodium-potassium pump may not be operating well [1][2] As with many kinds of viability assays, quantitative measures of physiological function do not indicate whether damage repair and recovery is possible.[3] Fluorescent-based assays do not require large sample sizes. [4]

Classification of viability assays

  1. Cytolysis or membrane leakage assays: This category includes the lactate dehydrogenase assay, a stable enzyme common in all cells which can be readily detected when cell membranes are no longer intact. Trypan Blue assay is also in this category of assay.
  2. Mitochondrial activity or caspase assays: Resazurin and Formazan (MTT/XTT) can assay for various stages in the apoptosis process that foreshadow cell death.
  3. Functional assays: Assays of cell function will be highly specific to the types of cells being assayed. For example, motility is a widely-used assay of sperm cell function.
  4. Genomic and protoemic assays: Cells can be assayed for activation of stress pathways using DNA microarrays and protein chips.

List of common viability assays

See also

References

  1. ^ Lindner B, Seydel U (1983). "Mass spectrometric analysis of drug-induced changes in Na+ and K+ contents of single bacterial cells" (PDF). JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY. 129 (1): 51–55. PMID 633967.
  2. ^ Pichugin Y, Fahy GM, Morin R (2006). "Cryopreservation of rat hippocampal slices by vitrification" (PDF). CRYOBIOLOGY. 52 (2): 228–240. PMID 16403489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Crutchfield A, Diller K, Brand J (1999). "Cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta)". EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY. 34 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1080/09670269910001736072.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Overview of Probes for Cell Viability, Cell Proliferation and Live-Cell Function—Section 15.1" (HTML). Invitrogen. Life Technologies. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  5. ^ Lecoeur H (2002). "Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases". Exp. Cell Res. 277 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5537. PMID 12061813.
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