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* The Kurds: a Concise Handbook, Mehrdad R. Izady.
* The Kurds: a Concise Handbook, Mehrdad R. Izady.
* Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 11, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
* Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 11, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
* Records of Iraq, 1914–1966, Volume 1, Alan de Lacy Rush, Jane Priestland.
* Records of Iraq, 1914–1966, Volume 1, [http://www.alanrush.net/ Alan de Lacy Rush], Jane Priestland.

==External links==
==External links==
*http://www.bajalan.com (NOTE: mostly in Arabic)
*http://www.bajalan.com (NOTE: mostly in Arabic)

Revision as of 12:19, 7 January 2011

The Bajalan people also called Bazhalan, Bajarwan and Bajlan are a Kurdish tribe in Iraqi Kurdistan. However, they also have sub-groups in Turkey, Iran and Armenia.

History

The name Bajalan means home of the falcons[1] and is the name of the founder of the tribe and family Abdal Bey Bajalan[2]. The Bajalans arrived in the city of Mosul in 1630 AD numbering some 4000[3]. The Bajalans were split into two main groups the urbane Bajalans who held military and administrative posts remained in Mosul while the more tribal elements by imperial decree of Ottoman Sultan Murad IV were given hereditary land holdings in Zohab[4] near Khanaqin, Zohab was the site of The 17 May 1739 Treaty of Zohab between Sultan Murad IV of Turkey and Shah Safi of Persia[5]. This move by the Sultan displaced the Kalhur tribe. The Bajalans have eight branches and under Ottoman rule they were lightly taxed partly because 'they furnished a body of 1200 horsemen to the crown'[6]. One of the main branches of the Bajalan is identified by George Nathaniel Curzon as the Sagwands[7]. The Bajalan pass was noted by foreign travelers for their monasteries, bridges, medieval castles and aqueducts[8]. James Silk Buckingham names Zohab as the seat of the Bajalan Pashas[9]. David McDowall describes the Bajalans as formidable fighters[10] and George Bournoutian states that their sheer looks brang on terror to the enemy in their chain mail[11]. The Erzurum commission of 1843-8 of which Uthman Bajalan Pasha was a member decided that the Bajalan would remain Ottoman citizens and that they would move their headquarters to Khanaqin from Zohab[12].

Notable Bajalans

  • Mustafa Pasha, Son of Uthman Pasha entered the Ottoman civil service and took up the post of Vali (governor general) of Al 'Aziziyah and then Badrah[13]. Mustafa was the head of the Bajalan at turn of the 20th century and was described by civil administration of Mesopotamia as one of the most important political factors in the region, Major E. B. Soane describes him a man with a harsh and determined character, he also notes that Mustafa is a Kurd to the backbone and is of pure decent. It is also documented that Mustafa Pasha Bajlan had always been an anti-Turk and has at various times been in rebellion. Major E. B. Soane comments that 'Mustafa has a great reputation for dashing bravery in tribal fighting' and that he would be 'an energetic and enthusiastic instrument in any scheme for the autonomy of Kurdistan'[14]. The Ottoman Government and Mustafa had been in constant friction with each other and as a result he had spent many years in exile in Constantinople before the Second Constitutional Period. His contact and relationships with British officials alarmed the Turks and Arabs to the extent that he was called to Baghdad and placed under house arrest in 1912.[15]. He married Asma Khanum the daughter of the last Baban prince Ahmed Pasha.
  • Ahmad Pasha Bajalan, a commander of the Ottoman army who moved against and fought Nadir Shah of Persia in Pataq and Zohab January 1733, who in return expelled a part of his tribe to Khurramabad.[16].
  • Rashid Bajalan, founder member of the first Kurdish political party in Iraq Hiwa. And later appointed member of the central committee of the KDP on August 16, 1946 in Baghdad.[17].

Mehrdad Izady states that the Bajalan speak a Gornai dialect. However, the Bajalani dialect has been replaced amongst many Bajalans by the use of Sorani Kurdish.

There is also a huge group of "Bajalan" people in Armenia. Many of them moved to Turkey.

  1. ^ Extremist Shiites: the ghulat sects, Matti Moosa
  2. ^ Notes on the tribes of Southern Kurdistan, Major E. B. Soane
  3. ^ Medieval Iran and its neighbours, Volume 1, Vladimir Minorsky
  4. ^ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Volume 11
  5. ^ The United Nations, Iran, and Iraq: how peacemaking changed, Cameron R. Hume
  6. ^ Historical gazetteer of Iran, Volume 3, Ludwig W. Adamec
  7. ^ Persia and the Persian question, Volume 2, George Nathaniel Curzon Curzon of Kedleston (Marquess)
  8. ^ Island of salvation, Włodzimierz Odojewski
  9. ^ Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, Volume 1, James Silk Buckingham
  10. ^ The Kurds, Issue 4, David McDowall
  11. ^ History of the wars: (1721-1736), Abraham Erewantsʻi, George A. Bournoutian
  12. ^ Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919-1925, Cecil John Edmonds
  13. ^ Notes on the tribes of Southern Kurdistan, Major E. B. Soane
  14. ^ Notes on the tribes of Southern Kurdistan, Major E. B. Soane
  15. ^ MESOPOTAMIA REVIEW OF THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION, India Office
  16. ^ Nadir Shah: a critical study based mainly upon contemporary sources, Laurence Lockhart
  17. ^ Mustafa Barzani and the Kurdish liberation movement 1931-1961, Masʻūd Bārzānī, Ahmed Ferhadi

Bibliography

  • Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East, Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele, Anke Otter-Beaujean.
  • The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development, Wadie Jwaideh.
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume 3, Ehsan Yar-Shater.
  • The Kurds: a Concise Handbook, Mehrdad R. Izady.
  • Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 11, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.
  • Records of Iraq, 1914–1966, Volume 1, Alan de Lacy Rush, Jane Priestland.
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