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== Uses ==
== Uses ==
=== Heavy Metal Detoxification ===
=== Heavy Metal Detoxification ===
Trials and studies revealed that orally administered MCP supplements significantly increase urinary excretion of toxic metals present in the body.<ref name="eliaz1">Eliaz I, Weil E, Wilk B. (November 2,2007) [http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-case-studies-dec-2007.pdf "Integrative Medicine and the Role of Modified Citrus Pectin/Alginates in Heavy Metal Chelation and Detoxification--five case reports."] Forsch Komplementmed. 2007 Dec;14(6):358-64.</ref><ref name="eliaz3"> Eliaz I, Hotchkiss AT, Fishman ML, Rode D.[http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-chelation-phytoth-res-oct-06.pdf "The Effect of Modified Citrus Pectin on Urinary Excretion of Toxic Elements"]Phytother Res. 2006 Oct;20(10):859-64.</ref><ref name="eliaz2">Zhao ZY, Liang L, Fan X, et al. [http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-chinese-children-lead-study-athm-july-2008.pdf "The Role of Modified Citrus Pectin as an Effective Chelator of Lead in Children Hospitalized With Toxic Lead Levels."]Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Jul;14(4):34-8.</ref> It is some times used as a [[Chelation]] therapy, which is a chemical process where a substance is used to bind molecules and hold them tightly so that they can be removed from a system. Chelation can help rid the body of excess or toxic metals, but it is not known if this reduces artery disease risk. Chelation is commonly used to treat lead and mercury poisoning.<ref name="kosnett">Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, et al. "Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure". ''''Environ Health Perspect''''. 2007 Mar;115(3):463-71.</ref><ref name="brodkin">Brodkin E, Copes R, Mattman A, Kennedy J, Kling R, Yassi A. "Lead and Mercury Exposures: Interpretation and Action." ''''CMAJ''''. 2007 Jan 2;176(1):59-63.</ref> In most instances, chelation therapy involves the infusion of compounds via a [[catheter]] placed in an arm vein and usually in a clinical setting. In contrast, chelation therapy using MCP can be done anywhere via the use of oral supplements.<ref name="life1" />
Trials and studies revealed that orally administered MCP supplements significantly increase urinary excretion of toxic metals present in the body.<ref>Eliaz I, Weil E, Wilk B. (November 2,2007) [http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-case-studies-dec-2007.pdf "Integrative Medicine and the Role of Modified Citrus Pectin/Alginates in Heavy Metal Chelation and Detoxification--five case reports."] Forsch Komplementmed. 2007 Dec;14(6):358-64.</ref><ref> Eliaz I, Hotchkiss AT, Fishman ML, Rode D.[http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-chelation-phytoth-res-oct-06.pdf "The Effect of Modified Citrus Pectin on Urinary Excretion of Toxic Elements"]Phytother Res. 2006 Oct;20(10):859-64.</ref><ref>Zhao ZY, Liang L, Fan X, et al. [http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/pectasol-chinese-children-lead-study-athm-july-2008.pdf "The Role of Modified Citrus Pectin as an Effective Chelator of Lead in Children Hospitalized With Toxic Lead Levels."]Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Jul;14(4):34-8.</ref> It is some times used as a [[Chelation]] therapy, which is a chemical process where a substance is used to bind molecules and hold them tightly so that they can be removed from a system. Chelation can help rid the body of excess or toxic metals, but it is not known if this reduces artery disease risk. Chelation is commonly used to treat lead and mercury poisoning.<ref>Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, et al. "Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure". ''''Environ Health Perspect''''. 2007 Mar;115(3):463-71.</ref><ref>Brodkin E, Copes R, Mattman A, Kennedy J, Kling R, Yassi A. "Lead and Mercury Exposures: Interpretation and Action." ''''CMAJ''''. 2007 Jan 2;176(1):59-63.</ref> In most instances, chelation therapy involves the infusion of compounds via a [[catheter]] placed in an arm vein and usually in a clinical setting. In contrast, chelation therapy using MCP can be done anywhere via the use of oral supplements.<ref name="life1" />
=== Other Uses ===
=== Other Uses ===
Several animal studies found that MCP helped reduce the spread of [[prostate]], [[colon]], breast, and skin [[cancer]]. Scientists believe that MCP works by inhibiting two key processes involved in cancer progression: [[angiogenesis]] and [[metastasis]].<ref name="life1" /><ref name="glinskii"> Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Glinsky GV, et al. "Mechanical Entrapment is Insufficient and Intercellular Adhesion is Essential for Metastatic Cell Arrest in Distant Organs." ''''Neoplasia''''. 2005 May;7(5):522-7.</ref><ref name="johnson">Johnson KD, Glinskii OV, Mossine VV, et al. "Galectin-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Tumors Arising from Malignant Endothelia." ''''Neoplasia''''. 2007 Aug;9(8):662-70.</ref> Animals with these types of cancer that were fed MCP had a much lower risk of the tumor spreading to the lungs. For example, one study examined the effects of MCP on lung metastases from [[melanoma]] cells. Researchers injected mice with melanoma cells. In the mice that were also given MCP, significantly fewer tumors spread to the lungs than in the mice that did not receive the drug. When lung tumors did develop in the mice treated with MCP, the tumors tended to be smaller than those that formed in untreated animals.<ref name="cancer1" /><ref>Platt D, Raz A (1992)''''J Natl Cancer Inst'''' 84:438–42.</ref>
Several animal studies found that MCP helped reduce the spread of [[prostate]],<ref name="prostate" /> [[colon]],<ref>Hayashi A, Gillen AC, Lott JR.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11134977 "Effects of Daily Oral Administration of Quercetin Chalcone and Modified Citrus Pectin on Implanted Colon-25 Tumor Growth in Balb-c Mice."] Altern Med Rev. 2000 Dec;5(6):546-52.</ref> breast,<ref>Jedinak A, Jiang J, Sliva D, Wojnowski R.[http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/sliva-synergy-poster-april-2010.pdf "Modified Citrus Pectin Enhances the Effect of Novel Dietary Supplement Formulas Inhibition of Invasiveness of Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells by Down-Regulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator(uPA) Secretion"] Retrieved January 8, 2011.</ref> and skin<ref name="skin" /> [[cancer]]. Scientists believe that MCP works by inhibiting two key processes involved in cancer progression: [[angiogenesis]] and [[metastasis]].<ref name="life1" /><ref name="glinskii"> Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Glinsky GV, et al. "Mechanical Entrapment is Insufficient and Intercellular Adhesion is Essential for Metastatic Cell Arrest in Distant Organs." ''''Neoplasia''''. 2005 May;7(5):522-7.</ref><ref name="johnson">Johnson KD, Glinskii OV, Mossine VV, et al. "Galectin-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Tumors Arising from Malignant Endothelia." ''''Neoplasia''''. 2007 Aug;9(8):662-70.</ref> Animals with these types of cancer that were fed MCP had a much lower risk of the tumor spreading to the lungs. For example, one study examined the effects of MCP on lung metastasis from [[melanoma]] cells. Researchers injected mice with melanoma cells. In the mice that were also given MCP, significantly fewer tumors spread to the lungs than in the mice that did not receive the drug. When lung tumors did develop in the mice treated with MCP, the tumors tended to be smaller than those that formed in untreated animals.<ref name="cancer1" /><ref name="skin">Platt D, Raz A (1992)''''J Natl Cancer Inst'''' 84:438–42.</ref>

⚫
Although animal and cell studies are quite encouraging, very little information is available about whether MCP is effective in humans. In one published clinical trial, 10 men with prostate cancer were treated with MCP after standard treatment failed. In 7 of these men, blood tests found [[prostate-specific antigen]] (PSA, a marker of prostate cancer growth). Their PSA doubling time (a measure of how fast PSA goes up) improved in comparison with measurements done before taking MCP, indicating that MCP may have a slowing effect on the cancer's growth.<ref name="prostate">Strum S, Scholz M, McDermed J, McCulloch M, Eliaz I.[http://www.dreliaz.org/sites/default/files/Strum-Doubling-Time-Pilot-Trial.pdf "Modified Citrus Pectin Slows PSA Doubling Time: a pilot clinical trial."] Paper presented at: International Conference on Diet and Prevention of Cancer. May 1999. Tampere, Finland.</ref> But this study had no control group (in this case, a group of men who did not take MCP), which limits the strength of its conclusions on MCP's effectiveness. It also did not measure survival or other important endpoints. However, taken with the information gained from animal studies, it suggests that MCP may have a role in reducing the growth and spread of cancer, but not as a curative therapy of already established tumors. Randomized controlled trials looking at larger groups of people must be done before any firmer conclusions can be reached.<ref name="cancer1" /><ref name="uc">(November 4, 2008)[http://cancer.ucsd.edu/Outreach/PublicEducation/CAMs/modifiedcitrus.asp "Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Cancer Patients"] Retrieved February 8, 2011.</ref>
== Toxicity and Side Effects ==
No reports of adverse events have been published in the literature or found in a search of voluntary reports of adverse events to the [[USDA]] Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Although modified citrus pectin is more easily digested than natural citrus pectin, individuals with allergies or sensitivities to citrus may experience stomach discomfort when taking either type of citrus pectin.<ref name="mdanderson" />


⚫
Although animal and cell studies are quite encouraging, very little information is available about whether MCP is effective in humans. In one published clinical trial, 10 men with prostate cancer were treated with MCP after standard treatment failed. In 7 of these men, blood tests found prostate-specific antigen (PSA, a marker of prostate cancer growth). Their PSA doubling time (a measure of how fast PSA goes up) improved in comparison with measurements done before taking MCP, indicating that MCP may have a slowing effect on the cancer's growth. This study had no control group (in this case, a group of men who did not take MCP), which limits the strength of its conclusions on MCP's effectiveness. It also did not measure survival or other important endpoints. However, taken with the information gained from animal studies, it suggests that MCP may have a role in reducing the growth and spread of cancer. Randomized controlled trials looking at larger groups of people must be done before any firmer conclusions can be reached.
== References ==
== References ==
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com]
* [http://www.dreliaz.org www.DrEliaz.org]




Revision as of 20:48, 8 February 2011


Modified Citrus Pectin - also known as citrus pectin[1], Pecta-Sol®[1] and MCP[1] - is a form of pectin that has been altered so that it can be more easily absorbed by the digestive tract. Pectin is a carbohydrate that is made of hundreds or thousands of sugar molecules chemically linked together. It is found in most plants and is particularly plentiful in the peels of apples, citrus fruits, and plums. In modified citrus pectin, the pectin has been chemically altered sometimes by pH and temperature modifications to break its long, branched chains of polysaccharides into smaller, unbranched lengths of soluble fiber molecules. Pectin in its natural form cannot be absorbed by the body and is considered a type of soluble dietary fiber, whereas modified pectin is a substance that is rich in galactose residues, which are easily processed by the digestive system and absorbed into the bloodstream, MCP also dissolves easily in water.[1][2][3]

Uses

Heavy Metal Detoxification

Trials and studies revealed that orally administered MCP supplements significantly increase urinary excretion of toxic metals present in the body.[4][5][6] It is some times used as a Chelation therapy, which is a chemical process where a substance is used to bind molecules and hold them tightly so that they can be removed from a system. Chelation can help rid the body of excess or toxic metals, but it is not known if this reduces artery disease risk. Chelation is commonly used to treat lead and mercury poisoning.[7][8] In most instances, chelation therapy involves the infusion of compounds via a catheter placed in an arm vein and usually in a clinical setting. In contrast, chelation therapy using MCP can be done anywhere via the use of oral supplements.[2]

Other Uses

Several animal studies found that MCP helped reduce the spread of prostate,[9] colon,[10] breast,[11] and skin[12] cancer. Scientists believe that MCP works by inhibiting two key processes involved in cancer progression: angiogenesis and metastasis.[2][13][14] Animals with these types of cancer that were fed MCP had a much lower risk of the tumor spreading to the lungs. For example, one study examined the effects of MCP on lung metastasis from melanoma cells. Researchers injected mice with melanoma cells. In the mice that were also given MCP, significantly fewer tumors spread to the lungs than in the mice that did not receive the drug. When lung tumors did develop in the mice treated with MCP, the tumors tended to be smaller than those that formed in untreated animals.[1][12]

Although animal and cell studies are quite encouraging, very little information is available about whether MCP is effective in humans. In one published clinical trial, 10 men with prostate cancer were treated with MCP after standard treatment failed. In 7 of these men, blood tests found prostate-specific antigen (PSA, a marker of prostate cancer growth). Their PSA doubling time (a measure of how fast PSA goes up) improved in comparison with measurements done before taking MCP, indicating that MCP may have a slowing effect on the cancer's growth.[9] But this study had no control group (in this case, a group of men who did not take MCP), which limits the strength of its conclusions on MCP's effectiveness. It also did not measure survival or other important endpoints. However, taken with the information gained from animal studies, it suggests that MCP may have a role in reducing the growth and spread of cancer, but not as a curative therapy of already established tumors. Randomized controlled trials looking at larger groups of people must be done before any firmer conclusions can be reached.[1][15]

Toxicity and Side Effects

No reports of adverse events have been published in the literature or found in a search of voluntary reports of adverse events to the USDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Although modified citrus pectin is more easily digested than natural citrus pectin, individuals with allergies or sensitivities to citrus may experience stomach discomfort when taking either type of citrus pectin.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Modified Citrus Pectin",American Cancer Society. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c Nicholas, Joanne (March 2009)"Fighting Cancer Metastasis and Heavy Metal Toxicities With Modified Citrus Pectin"Life Extension Magazine. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Modified Citrus Pectin Detailed Scientific ReviewThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved January 8, 2011.
  4. ^ Eliaz I, Weil E, Wilk B. (November 2,2007) "Integrative Medicine and the Role of Modified Citrus Pectin/Alginates in Heavy Metal Chelation and Detoxification--five case reports." Forsch Komplementmed. 2007 Dec;14(6):358-64.
  5. ^ Eliaz I, Hotchkiss AT, Fishman ML, Rode D."The Effect of Modified Citrus Pectin on Urinary Excretion of Toxic Elements"Phytother Res. 2006 Oct;20(10):859-64.
  6. ^ Zhao ZY, Liang L, Fan X, et al. "The Role of Modified Citrus Pectin as an Effective Chelator of Lead in Children Hospitalized With Toxic Lead Levels."Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Jul;14(4):34-8.
  7. ^ Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, et al. "Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure". 'Environ Health Perspect'. 2007 Mar;115(3):463-71.
  8. ^ Brodkin E, Copes R, Mattman A, Kennedy J, Kling R, Yassi A. "Lead and Mercury Exposures: Interpretation and Action." 'CMAJ'. 2007 Jan 2;176(1):59-63.
  9. ^ a b Strum S, Scholz M, McDermed J, McCulloch M, Eliaz I."Modified Citrus Pectin Slows PSA Doubling Time: a pilot clinical trial." Paper presented at: International Conference on Diet and Prevention of Cancer. May 1999. Tampere, Finland.
  10. ^ Hayashi A, Gillen AC, Lott JR."Effects of Daily Oral Administration of Quercetin Chalcone and Modified Citrus Pectin on Implanted Colon-25 Tumor Growth in Balb-c Mice." Altern Med Rev. 2000 Dec;5(6):546-52.
  11. ^ Jedinak A, Jiang J, Sliva D, Wojnowski R."Modified Citrus Pectin Enhances the Effect of Novel Dietary Supplement Formulas Inhibition of Invasiveness of Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells by Down-Regulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator(uPA) Secretion" Retrieved January 8, 2011.
  12. ^ a b Platt D, Raz A (1992)'J Natl Cancer Inst' 84:438–42.
  13. ^ Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Glinsky GV, et al. "Mechanical Entrapment is Insufficient and Intercellular Adhesion is Essential for Metastatic Cell Arrest in Distant Organs." 'Neoplasia'. 2005 May;7(5):522-7.
  14. ^ Johnson KD, Glinskii OV, Mossine VV, et al. "Galectin-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Tumors Arising from Malignant Endothelia." 'Neoplasia'. 2007 Aug;9(8):662-70.
  15. ^ (November 4, 2008)"Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Cancer Patients" Retrieved February 8, 2011.
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