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{{DISPLAYTITLE: Lord of the Flies (''The X-Files'')}}
{{Infobox television episode
{{Infobox television episode
| Title = Lord of the Flies
| Title = Lord of the Flies
Line 17: Line 18:
| Production = 9ABX06
| Production = 9ABX06
| Airdate = December 16, 2001
| Airdate = December 16, 2001
| Length = 43 minutes
| Length = 44 minutes
| Guests =
| Guests =
* [[Aaron Paul]] as Winky
* [[Aaron Paul]] as Winky
Line 26: Line 27:
* [[Jane Lynch]] as Anne Lokensgard
* [[Jane Lynch]] as Anne Lokensgard
* Michael Wiseman as Dr. Rocky Bronzino
* Michael Wiseman as Dr. Rocky Bronzino
* [[Samaire Armstrong]] as Natalie Gordon<ref name="thecast">{{cite video |date=2002 |title=Lord of the Flies - Cast Credits |location=''[[The X-Files (season 9)|The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season]]''|medium= DVD |publisher=[[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]}}</ref>
* [[Samaire Armstrong]] as Natalie Gordon
| Season list =
| Season list =
| Prev = [[4-D (The X-Files)|4-D]]
| Prev = [[4-D (The X-Files)|4-D]]
Line 32: Line 33:
| Episode list = [[The X-Files (season 9)|List of season 9 episodes]]<br />[[List of The X-Files episodes|List of ''The X-Files'' episodes]]
| Episode list = [[The X-Files (season 9)|List of season 9 episodes]]<br />[[List of The X-Files episodes|List of ''The X-Files'' episodes]]
}}
}}
"'''Lord of the Flies'''" is the fifth episode of the [[The X-Files (season 9)|ninth season]] of the [[science fiction]] [[television series]] ''[[The X-Files]]'', and the show's 187th episode overall. It first premiered on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox network]] in the United States on December 16, 2001, and was and subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on [[Sky1]]. The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by [[Kim Manners]]. "Lord of the Files" earned a [[Nielsen ratings|Nielsen household rating]], and was watched by viewers.
"'''Lord of the Flies'''" is the fifth episode of the [[The X-Files (season 9)|ninth season]] of the [[science fiction]] [[television series]] ''[[The X-Files]]'', and the show's 187th episode overall. It first premiered on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] network in the United States on December 16, 2001, and was subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on [[BBC Two]]. The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by [[Kim Manners]]. The episode is a [[List of Monster-of-the-Week characters in The X-Files|Monster-of-the-Week]] episode, unconnected to the series' wider [[Mythology of The X-Files|mythology]]. "Lord of the Files" earned a [[Nielsen ratings|Nielsen household rating]] of 6.2, and was watched by 6.54 million households. The episode received mixed reviews from television critics, with many critical of the episode's reliance on humor.


The show centers on [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] special agents [[Fox Mulder]] ([[David Duchovny]]) and [[Dana Scully]] ([[Gillian Anderson]]) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called [[X-File]]s. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, an amateur stunt performer is killed while performing a daring act for a local cable reality show, Scully, Doggett and Reyes discover that the culprit was apparently a swarm of killer flies hidden in the victim's brain.
The show centers on [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] special agents [[John Doggett]] ([[Robert Patrick]]), [[Monica Reyes]] ([[Annabeth Gish]]), and [[Dana Scully]] ([[Gillian Anderson]]) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called [[X-File]]s. In this episode, an amateur stunt performer is killed while performing a daring act for a local cable reality show, Scully, Doggett and Reyes discover that the culprit was apparently a swarm of killer flies hidden in the victim's brain.

"Lord of the Flies" marked a return of comedic episodes to the series. Due to this, Patrick had issues with his acting because, initially, he felt the entry was too foolish. The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian [[Calliphoridae|blow flies]]. The episode's title, "Lord of the Flies", is an english translation for the name of the semitic demon [[Beelzebub]]. In addition, the episode makes several references to musician [[Syd Barrett]], the original singer and guitarist for [[Pink Floyd]].

==Plot==
A group of teenagers are filming one of their friends, nicknamed "Cap'n Dare", doing stunts for a local cable TV show called ''[[Jackass (TV series)|Dumbass]]''. After one particular stunt, Dare falls out of a shopping cart and is found dead after part of his skull collapses. The local coroner calls in FBI Special Agents [[John Doggett]] ([[Robert Patrick]]) and [[Monica Reyes]] ([[Annabeth Gish]]) to investigate the body. During the autopsy, flies erupt from the boy's eye sockets and the two immediately ask [[Dana Scully]] ([[Gillian Anderson]]) to examine the body. Scully finds that the insects had fed on boy's brain to such a degree that it simply collapsed and it was not the result of an impact injury.

At the local high school, Dare's friends film a memorial for their friend, much to the annoyance of Natalie, Dare's girlfriend. The group of kids spy Dylan Lokensgard, the son of the principal and social outcast, looking at Natalie and begin to harass him. Doggett and Reyes arrive at the school to talk to Dare's friend. During their interview, flies mysteriously attack him and bite "Dumbass" into his flesh. While watching the recordings of ''Dumbass'', Doggett notices that Lokensgard was at each of the stunts and decides to question him. While the two agents talk to Dylan, his mother appears and becomes furious. She maintains that they have no right to interrogate her son. During the proceedings, Dylan becomes covered in flies; subsequently, Reyes starts to believe that Dylan is behind the attack. Doggett and Reyes take a tissue soaked with Dylan's sweat back for Scully to analyze. The results show that Dylan's bodily fluids contains a high number of insect pheremones.

Late that night Natalie sneaks into Dylan's home where the two rekindle their long-lost friendship. They kiss, but she pulls away with something apparently cuts her mouth and she leaves in tears. Dare's friends, who believe Dylan had something to do with their friend's death, pull up moments later and abduct him. During the drive, an insect like protrusion comes out of Dylan's mouth and sprays webbing everywhere, causing the car to flip and crash. Doggett and Reyes find the crashed car, and the kids tell them that Dylan chewed his way out the back window while Scully and an bug specialist search Dylan's home. Scully leaves to help Reyes find the teenager while the specialist stays behind; the specialist is subsequently attacked by Dylan's mother. Reyes tracks down Natalie, but Reyes is attacked and cocooned by Dylan. Dylan's mother approaches him, and tells him that he is not like other kids and never will be. Doggett arrives at the girl's home and finds Reyes and Natalie alive. Dylan and his mother, however, are nowhere to be found. A subsequent search of the Lokensgard home reveals other bodies, including the bug specialist, cocooned but survived, and Dylan's father, who supposed ran off years earlier. After leaving with his mother, Dylan sends Natalie one last message in the form of fireflies: "I love you."<ref name=flies>{{cite web|title=Lord of the Flies|url=http://www.xfiles.com/episodes/season9/9x05.html|publisher=[[Fox Broadcasting Company]]|work=XFiles.com|accessdate=21 June 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20020409094137/http://www.xfiles.com/episodes/season9/9x05.html|archivedate=10 April 2002|date=16 December 2002}}</ref>


== Production ==
== Production ==
[[File:Chrysomya megacephala male.jpg|The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian [[Calliphoridae|blow flies]].|200px|thumb|right]]
The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by [[Kim Manners]]. It was Schnauz's first writing credit, and Manner's second directing credit on the series.
The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by [[Kim Manners]]. It was Schnauz's first writing credit, and Manner's second directing credit for the season.<ref name="DVD"/> The episode marked a return of "the comedy episode" for the series.<ref name="bb"/> According to Matt Hurwitz and Chris Knowles in their book ''The Complete X-Files'', the episode "revisit[s] [the] themes of genetic grafting experiments from '[[Travelers (The X-Files)|Travelers]]' in a humorous context."<ref name="bb"/> Series co-star [[Robert Patrick]] had a difficult time with the episode; he later explained, "I couldn't deal with some of the material. As an actor, I found some of it to be a little silly."<ref name="bb"/> Accordingly, Manners helped Roberts traverse the script, an action that helped him achieve the desired delivery for his lines.<ref name="bb">Hurwitz and Knowles, p. 201</ref>

The opening for the episode was filmed at Cheviot Hills Park in Los Angeles. The site had previously been used for various shots in the [[The X-Files (season 6)|sixth season]] episode "[[The Unnatural (The X-Files)|The Unnatural]]" and the [[The X-Files (season 8)|eighth season]] episode "[[Three Words (The X-Files)|Three Words]]". Garfield High School in [[Sherman Oaks, California]], stood in for Grant High School. During filming breaks, Robert Patrick spent his time listening to his brother [[Richard Patrick]]'s industrial rock band, [[Filter (band)|Filter]].<ref name="fraga">Fraga, p. 231</ref>

The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian [[Calliphoridae|blow flies]]. The episode's title, "Lord of the Flies", is an english translation for the name of the semitic demon [[Beelzebub]].<ref name=fliesresearch/> The name was also used as the title for 1954 novel [[Lord of the Flies|of the same name]] by British author [[William Golding]]. The episode makes several references to [[Syd Barrett]]. Barrett was the original singer, songwriter, and lead guitarist for British band [[Pink Floyd]]. Two of his songs, "No Good Trying" and "Terrapin", are featured in the episode.<ref name=fliesresearch>{{cite web|title=Lord of the Flies - Research|url=http://www.xfiles.com/episodes/season9/9x05_research.html|publisher=[[Fox Broadcasting Company]]|work=XFiles.com|accessdate=21 June 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20020410144448/http://www.xfiles.com/episodes/season9/9x05_research.html|archivedate=10 April 2002|date=16 December 2002}}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
"Lord of the Files" first premiered on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] network in the United States on December 16, 2001.<ref name="DVD">{{cite DVD-notes |title=The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season |titlelink=The X-Files (season 9) |titleyear=2001-02 |director=[[Kim Manners]], et al |format=booklet |publisher=[[Fox Broadcasting Corporation|Fox]]}}</ref> "Lord of the Files" earned a [[Nielsen ratings|Nielsen household rating]] of 6.2, meaning that it was seen by 6.2% of the nation's estimated households and was viewed by 6.54 million households.<ref name=ratinggood>{{cite news|last=The Associated Press|title=Nielsen Ratings|url=http://docs.newsbank.com.www2.lib.ku.edu:2048/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0F08BD928C3ED16D/0F8479522BD09CA1?s_lang=en-US|accessdate=27 June 2012|newspaper=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]|date=20 December 2001}} {{subscription needed}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|At the time of airing, the estimated number of households was 105.5 million.<ref name=ratinggood/> Thus, 6.2 percent of 105.5 million is 6.54 million households.|group="nb"}} "Lord of the Flies" was the 51st most watched episode of television that aired during the week ending December 16.<ref name=ratinggood/> The episode eventually aired on [[BBC Two]] in the United Kingdom on December 1, 2002.<ref name="DVD"/>
"Lord of the Files" first premiered on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox network]] in the United States on December 16, 2001. "Lord of the Files" earned a [[Nielsen ratings|Nielsen household rating]], and was watched by viewers. It was subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on [[Sky1]].


The episode received mixed reviews from television critics. Jessica Morgan of [[Television Without Pity]] gave the episode a "C" grade rating. She derided the show's need to place ''The X-Files'' logo in the teaser, but ultimately concluded that the episode was a "decent [one] to recap".<ref name=twop>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Jessica|title=Lord of the Flies|url=http://www.televisionwithoutpity.com/show/the-xfiles/lord-of-the-flies.php|publisher=[[Television Without Pity]]|accessdate=27 June 2012}}</ref> John Keegan from Critical Myth wrote that the episode "ranks right in the mediocre range" and awarded it a 5 out of 10.<ref name=cm/> He noted, "Overall, this episode did very little for me. I’m sure that the writing staff could have come up with something better than a bad sixth season plot when the idea of a humorous ninth season episode came to the table. Is there any hope that there might be a truly memorable episode where Doggett is allowed to be amused?"<ref name=cm>{{cite web|last=Keegan|first=John|title=Lord of the Flies|url=http://www.entil2001.com/series/x-files/reviews/season9/9-5.html|publisher=Critical Myth|accessdate=7 July 2012}}</ref> [[Robert Shearman]] and [[Lars Pearson]], in their book ''Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen'', rated the episode one-and-a-half stars out of five. The two argued that the entry was trying to "be a '[[The Rain King|Rain King]]' or a '[[Terms of Endearment (The X-Files)|Terms of Endearment]]' and would like to recapture the sweet and charming feel of those early Season Six experiments."<ref name="shear"/> However, they noted that because the show was in a different stage—Mulder and Scully were no longer the focus of the show's attention—that "the same style falls flat on its face".<ref name="shear"/> Furthermore, Shearman and Pearson complained that "[''The X-Files'']] is draining the trough of teenage angst again".<ref name="shear">Shearman and Pearson, pp. 263–264</ref>
Television Without Pity gave the episode a "C" grade rating, and claimed that the reviewer was "swamped".<ref>http://www.televisionwithoutpity.com/show/the-xfiles/lord-of-the-flies.php</ref>

== Notes ==
<references group="nb" />


== References ==
== References ==
;Footnotes
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}
;Bibliography
*{{cite book | year=2010 | first1=Erica |last1=Fraga | title=LAX-Files: Behind the Scenes with the Los Angeles Cast and Crew|publisher=CreateSpace|isbn=9781451503418}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Complete X-Files |first1=Matt |last1=Hurwitz |first2=Chris |last2=Knowles |publisher=Insight Editions |year=2008 |isbn=1933784806 }}
*{{cite book | year=2009 | first1=Robert |last1=Shearman |first2=Lars |last2=Pearson | title=Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen|publisher=Mad Norwegian Press|isbn=097594469X}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20020409094137/http://www.xfiles.com/episodes/season9/9x05.html "Lord of the Files"] at TheXFiles.com
* {{wikia|X-Files|The X-Files Wiki|Lord of the Files|"Lord of the Files"}}
* {{wikia|X-Files|The X-Files Wiki|Lord of the Files|"Lord of the Files"}}
* {{imdb episode|0751155}}
* {{imdb episode|0751155|Lord of the Flies}}
* {{tv.com episode|the-xfiles/lord-of-the-flies-81598/|Lord of the Files}}
* {{tv.com episode|the-xfiles/lord-of-the-flies-81598/|Lord of the Files}}


{{TXF episodes|9}}
{{TXF episodes|9}}

[[Category:The X-Files (season 9) episodes]]
[[Category:2001 television episodes]]

Revision as of 17:40, 7 July 2012

"Lord of the Flies (The X-Files)"

"Lord of the Flies" is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files, and the show's 187th episode overall. It first premiered on the Fox network in the United States on December 16, 2001, and was subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two. The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by Kim Manners. The episode is a Monster-of-the-Week episode, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Lord of the Files" earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2, and was watched by 6.54 million households. The episode received mixed reviews from television critics, with many critical of the episode's reliance on humor.

The show centers on FBI special agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick), Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, an amateur stunt performer is killed while performing a daring act for a local cable reality show, Scully, Doggett and Reyes discover that the culprit was apparently a swarm of killer flies hidden in the victim's brain.

"Lord of the Flies" marked a return of comedic episodes to the series. Due to this, Patrick had issues with his acting because, initially, he felt the entry was too foolish. The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian blow flies. The episode's title, "Lord of the Flies", is an english translation for the name of the semitic demon Beelzebub. In addition, the episode makes several references to musician Syd Barrett, the original singer and guitarist for Pink Floyd.

Plot

A group of teenagers are filming one of their friends, nicknamed "Cap'n Dare", doing stunts for a local cable TV show called Dumbass. After one particular stunt, Dare falls out of a shopping cart and is found dead after part of his skull collapses. The local coroner calls in FBI Special Agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) to investigate the body. During the autopsy, flies erupt from the boy's eye sockets and the two immediately ask Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) to examine the body. Scully finds that the insects had fed on boy's brain to such a degree that it simply collapsed and it was not the result of an impact injury.

At the local high school, Dare's friends film a memorial for their friend, much to the annoyance of Natalie, Dare's girlfriend. The group of kids spy Dylan Lokensgard, the son of the principal and social outcast, looking at Natalie and begin to harass him. Doggett and Reyes arrive at the school to talk to Dare's friend. During their interview, flies mysteriously attack him and bite "Dumbass" into his flesh. While watching the recordings of Dumbass, Doggett notices that Lokensgard was at each of the stunts and decides to question him. While the two agents talk to Dylan, his mother appears and becomes furious. She maintains that they have no right to interrogate her son. During the proceedings, Dylan becomes covered in flies; subsequently, Reyes starts to believe that Dylan is behind the attack. Doggett and Reyes take a tissue soaked with Dylan's sweat back for Scully to analyze. The results show that Dylan's bodily fluids contains a high number of insect pheremones.

Late that night Natalie sneaks into Dylan's home where the two rekindle their long-lost friendship. They kiss, but she pulls away with something apparently cuts her mouth and she leaves in tears. Dare's friends, who believe Dylan had something to do with their friend's death, pull up moments later and abduct him. During the drive, an insect like protrusion comes out of Dylan's mouth and sprays webbing everywhere, causing the car to flip and crash. Doggett and Reyes find the crashed car, and the kids tell them that Dylan chewed his way out the back window while Scully and an bug specialist search Dylan's home. Scully leaves to help Reyes find the teenager while the specialist stays behind; the specialist is subsequently attacked by Dylan's mother. Reyes tracks down Natalie, but Reyes is attacked and cocooned by Dylan. Dylan's mother approaches him, and tells him that he is not like other kids and never will be. Doggett arrives at the girl's home and finds Reyes and Natalie alive. Dylan and his mother, however, are nowhere to be found. A subsequent search of the Lokensgard home reveals other bodies, including the bug specialist, cocooned but survived, and Dylan's father, who supposed ran off years earlier. After leaving with his mother, Dylan sends Natalie one last message in the form of fireflies: "I love you."[2]

Production

The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian blow flies.

The episode was written by Thomas Schnauz, and was directed by Kim Manners. It was Schnauz's first writing credit, and Manner's second directing credit for the season.[3] The episode marked a return of "the comedy episode" for the series.[4] According to Matt Hurwitz and Chris Knowles in their book The Complete X-Files, the episode "revisit[s] [the] themes of genetic grafting experiments from 'Travelers' in a humorous context."[4] Series co-star Robert Patrick had a difficult time with the episode; he later explained, "I couldn't deal with some of the material. As an actor, I found some of it to be a little silly."[4] Accordingly, Manners helped Roberts traverse the script, an action that helped him achieve the desired delivery for his lines.[4]

The opening for the episode was filmed at Cheviot Hills Park in Los Angeles. The site had previously been used for various shots in the sixth season episode "The Unnatural" and the eighth season episode "Three Words". Garfield High School in Sherman Oaks, California, stood in for Grant High School. During filming breaks, Robert Patrick spent his time listening to his brother Richard Patrick's industrial rock band, Filter.[5]

The aggressiveness of flies in the episode was inspired by the actual habits of Australian blow flies. The episode's title, "Lord of the Flies", is an english translation for the name of the semitic demon Beelzebub.[6] The name was also used as the title for 1954 novel of the same name by British author William Golding. The episode makes several references to Syd Barrett. Barrett was the original singer, songwriter, and lead guitarist for British band Pink Floyd. Two of his songs, "No Good Trying" and "Terrapin", are featured in the episode.[6]

Reception

"Lord of the Files" first premiered on the Fox network in the United States on December 16, 2001.[3] "Lord of the Files" earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2, meaning that it was seen by 6.2% of the nation's estimated households and was viewed by 6.54 million households.[7][nb 1] "Lord of the Flies" was the 51st most watched episode of television that aired during the week ending December 16.[7] The episode eventually aired on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on December 1, 2002.[3]

The episode received mixed reviews from television critics. Jessica Morgan of Television Without Pity gave the episode a "C" grade rating. She derided the show's need to place The X-Files logo in the teaser, but ultimately concluded that the episode was a "decent [one] to recap".[8] John Keegan from Critical Myth wrote that the episode "ranks right in the mediocre range" and awarded it a 5 out of 10.[9] He noted, "Overall, this episode did very little for me. I’m sure that the writing staff could have come up with something better than a bad sixth season plot when the idea of a humorous ninth season episode came to the table. Is there any hope that there might be a truly memorable episode where Doggett is allowed to be amused?"[9] Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, rated the episode one-and-a-half stars out of five. The two argued that the entry was trying to "be a 'Rain King' or a 'Terms of Endearment' and would like to recapture the sweet and charming feel of those early Season Six experiments."[10] However, they noted that because the show was in a different stage—Mulder and Scully were no longer the focus of the show's attention—that "the same style falls flat on its face".[10] Furthermore, Shearman and Pearson complained that "[The X-Files]] is draining the trough of teenage angst again".[10]

Notes

  1. ^ At the time of airing, the estimated number of households was 105.5 million.[7] Thus, 6.2 percent of 105.5 million is 6.54 million households.

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ Lord of the Flies - Cast Credits (DVD). The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. 2002.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. ^ "Lord of the Flies". XFiles.com. Fox Broadcasting Company. 16 December 2002. Archived from the original on 10 April 2002. Retrieved 21 June 2012. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 9 April 2002 suggested (help)
  3. ^ a b c The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season (Media notes). Fox. {{cite AV media notes}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |director= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |titleyear= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Hurwitz and Knowles, p. 201
  5. ^ Fraga, p. 231
  6. ^ a b "Lord of the Flies - Research". XFiles.com. Fox Broadcasting Company. 16 December 2002. Archived from the original on 10 April 2002. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  7. ^ a b c The Associated Press (20 December 2001). "Nielsen Ratings". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Retrieved 27 June 2012. (subscription required)
  8. ^ Morgan, Jessica. "Lord of the Flies". Television Without Pity. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
  9. ^ a b Keegan, John. "Lord of the Flies". Critical Myth. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  10. ^ a b c Shearman and Pearson, pp. 263–264
Bibliography
  • Fraga, Erica (2010). LAX-Files: Behind the Scenes with the Los Angeles Cast and Crew. CreateSpace. ISBN 9781451503418.
  • Hurwitz, Matt; Knowles, Chris (2008). The Complete X-Files. Insight Editions. ISBN 1933784806.
  • Shearman, Robert; Pearson, Lars (2009). Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen. Mad Norwegian Press. ISBN 097594469X.