Finland–Germany relations: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Finland–Germany|Finland|Germany|map=}} |
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'''Bilateral relations between [[Finland]] and [[Germany]]''' began after the [[German Empire]] recognised the newly independent Finnish state on January 4, 1918. In the ensuing [[Finnish Civil War]], Germany played a prominent role siding with the [[Whites (Finland)|White Army]] and training [[Jäger Movement|Finnish Jägers]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Companion to World War I|editor=John Horne|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|date=2011|pages=561|isbn=9781118275801|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=gg-DkqIBaKAC&pg=PA561}}</ref> In one of the decisive battles of the war, German troops took [[Helsinki]] in April 1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-capture-helsinki-finland|title=Apr 13, 1918: Germans capture Helsinki, Finland|publisher=[[History (TV channel)|History.com]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref> |
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During World War II, the secret protocol in [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]] enabled the [[Winter War]] (1939–40), a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] attack on Finland. Finland and [[Nazi Germany]] were "co-belligerents" against Soviet Union during [[Continuation War]] (1941–44), but a separate peace with Soviet Union led to the Finnish-German [[Lapland War]] (1944–45). |
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Finland recognised both the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] and the [[German Democratic Republic]] (West and East Germany) in 1972 and it established diplomatic relations with East Germany in July 1972 and with West Germany in January 1973.<ref>{{cite book|last=Leatherman|first=Janie |title=From Cold War to Democratic Peace: Third Parties, Peaceful Change, and the OSCE|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|date=2003|pages=97–102|isbn=9780815630326|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=1TuR0-oJr3gC&pg=PA100}}</ref> |
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Germany currently has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].<ref>[http://www.helsinki.diplo.de/Vertretung/helsinki/de/Startseite.html German Embassy in Helsinki (in German and Finnish)]</ref> Finland has an embassy in Berlin, a consulate general in [[Hamburg]], two honorary consulates general in [[Düsseldorf]] and [[Munich]] and other honorary consulates in [[Bremen]], [[Dresden]], [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Hanover]], [[Kiel]], [[Lübeck]], [[Rostock]], [[Stuttgart]], and [[Wilhelmshaven]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=15994&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|title=Finnish missions abroad by country > Germany |publisher=[[Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes_Uebersichtsseiten/Finnland_node.html German Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Germany: relations with Finland] |
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* [http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17253&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs: relations with Germany] |
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[[Category:Finland–Germany relations| ]] |
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of Finland|Germany]] |
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of Germany|Finland]] |
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Revision as of 19:08, 30 November 2012
 Finland |
 Germany |
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Bilateral relations between Finland and Germany began after the German Empire recognised the newly independent Finnish state on January 4, 1918. In the ensuing Finnish Civil War, Germany played a prominent role siding with the White Army and training Finnish Jägers.[1] In one of the decisive battles of the war, German troops took Helsinki in April 1918.[2]
During World War II, the secret protocol in Molotov-Ribbentrop pact enabled the Winter War (1939–40), a Soviet attack on Finland. Finland and Nazi Germany were "co-belligerents" against Soviet Union during Continuation War (1941–44), but a separate peace with Soviet Union led to the Finnish-German Lapland War (1944–45).
Finland recognised both the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic (West and East Germany) in 1972 and it established diplomatic relations with East Germany in July 1972 and with West Germany in January 1973.[3]
Germany currently has an embassy in Helsinki.[4] Finland has an embassy in Berlin, a consulate general in Hamburg, two honorary consulates general in Düsseldorf and Munich and other honorary consulates in Bremen, Dresden, Frankfurt am Main, Hanover, Kiel, Lübeck, Rostock, Stuttgart, and Wilhelmshaven.[5]
References
- ^ John Horne, ed. (2011). A Companion to World War I. John Wiley & Sons. p. 561. ISBN 9781118275801.
- ^ "Apr 13, 1918: Germans capture Helsinki, Finland". History.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ Leatherman, Janie (2003). From Cold War to Democratic Peace: Third Parties, Peaceful Change, and the OSCE. Syracuse University Press. pp. 97–102. ISBN 9780815630326.
- ^ German Embassy in Helsinki (in German and Finnish)
- ^ "Finnish missions abroad by country > Germany". Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland). Retrieved 30 November 2012.