Parliamentary visitation of the University of Oxford: Difference between revisions
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|John Saunders<ref name="VCHOriel"/> |
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|Seven fellows were expelled, and replacements brought in from Cambridge.<ref name="VCHOriel"/> |
|Seven fellows were expelled, and replacements brought in from Cambridge.<ref name="VCHOriel"/> |
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|Queen's (Provost) |
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|[[Gerard Langbaine the elder|Gerard Langbaine]]<ref name="VCHQueens">{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63877 |title=The Queen's College |author=H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1954 |work=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford |accessdate=21 November 2013}}</ref> |
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|Gerard Langbaine<ref name="VCHQueens"/> |
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|Langbaine was active against the visitation, by legalistic means, with the support of [[Richard Zouche]]. He also cultivated supporters in parliament, [[John Selden]] and [[Francis Mills]], and enlisted the help of [[John Owen (theologian)|John Owen]]. Accepting [[Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke]] as Chancellor, and not making religious difficulties, he survived as Provost.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=16006|title=Langbaine, Gerard|first=A. J.|last=Hegarty}}</ref> |
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|University (Master) |
|University (Master) |
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The parliamentary visitation of the University of Oxford was a political and religious purge taking place from 1647, for a number of years. Many Masters and Fellows of Colleges lost their positions.
Background
The Siege of Oxford from 1644 to 1646 was one of the major military actions of the First English Civil War, given that the Royalist forces had their headquarters in Oxford city. The University of Oxford, broadly speaking, supported the Royalist side in the war, in particular in financial terms. The city surrendered to the parliamentary forces on 24 June 1646, and by 2 July parliament blocked new appointments in the university. By October a visitation was proposed, and an Oxford delegation made representations against it.[1] The visitation began on 15 May 1647, and all the members of the university Convocation were required to submit to it, on 7 April 1648. Only one of the Heads of Houses, Paul Hood, did so.[2]
Heads of Houses
| College (title) | Head before visitation | Head after visitation | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balliol (Master) | Thomas Lawrence[3] | George Bradshaw[3] | |
| Exeter (Rector) | George Hakewill[4] | John Conant from 1649 | Hakewill was an absentee Rector, and chronicly ill; he died in 1649, having been left in position through the intervention of MPs.[4] Henry Tozer was running the college, and was a defiant opponent of the visitation. He was expelled as fellow in May 1648; and later was removed by soldiers from his pulpit at Carfax, and placed in the Bocardo for a time.[5] |
| Lincoln () | Paul Hood[2] | Paul Hood | |
| Merton (Warden) | Nathaniel Brent[6] | Nathaniel Brent[6] | Brent, a parliamentarian, had been displaced by William Harvey during the siege, returning as soon as it ended.[7] |
| Oriel (Provost) | John Saunders[8] | John Saunders[8] | Seven fellows were expelled, and replacements brought in from Cambridge.[8] |
| Queen's (Provost) | Gerard Langbaine[9] | Gerard Langbaine[9] | Langbaine was active against the visitation, by legalistic means, with the support of Richard Zouche. He also cultivated supporters in parliament, John Selden and Francis Mills, and enlisted the help of John Owen. Accepting Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke as Chancellor, and not making religious difficulties, he survived as Provost.[10] |
| University (Master) | Thomas Walker[11] | Joshua Hoyle[11] | Obadiah Walker and four other fellows ejected.[11] |
Notes
- ^ Quehen, Hugh de. "Hammond, Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12157. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) (1954). "Lincoln College". A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) (1954). "Balliol College". A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b McCullough, P. E. "Hakewill, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11885.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - ^ Larminie, Vivienne. "Tozer, Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27649. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) (1954). "Merton College". A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ a b c H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) (1954). "Oriel College and St Mary hall". A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b {cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63877 |title=The Queen's College |author=H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1954 |work=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford |accessdate=21 November 2013}}
- ^ Hegarty, A. J. "Langbaine, Gerard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16006. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) (1954). "University College". A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help)