Jump to content

Dogs in the United States: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
add, c.e.
Line 3: Line 3:
==History==
==History==


Some of the earliest traces of the existence of dogs in the United States can be dated back to 12,000 to 35,000 years ago. It is generally held that dogs came to America after crossing from Siberia to Alaska.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A57784-2004Sep2.html |title='A Dog's History of America' (washingtonpost.com)|work=[[The Washington Post]] |publisher=[[Washington Post Company|WPC]] |location=Washington DC|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> The sequence divergence in this clade proposes that dogs originated about 100,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Feldhamer|first1=George A.|last2=Thompson|first2=Bruce C.|last3=Chapman|first3=Joseph A.|title=Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-xQalfqP7BcC&pg=PA483|date=21 October 2003|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-7416-1|pages=483–}}</ref>
Some of the earliest archaeological traces of the existence of dogs in the United States can be dated back to 9,000<ref>{{cite book|title=Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=241|first=Ãdám|last=Miklósi}}</ref> to 35,000 years ago. It is generally held that dogs came to America after crossing from Siberia to Alaska. During this period, domestication of dogs started in America.<ref>{{cite book|title=This Tender Place: The Story of a Wetland Year|first=Laurie|last=Lawlor|page=31|publisher=Terrace}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A57784-2004Sep2.html |title='A Dog's History of America' (washingtonpost.com)|work=[[The Washington Post]] |publisher=[[Washington Post Company|WPC]] |location=Washington DC|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> The sequence divergence in this clade proposes that dogs originated about 100,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Feldhamer|first1=George A.|last2=Thompson|first2=Bruce C.|last3=Chapman|first3=Joseph A.|title=Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-xQalfqP7BcC|date=21 October 2003|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-7416-1|page=483}}</ref>


When humans first entered in [[North America]], the dire wolf (Canis dirus) continued to allocate the landscape with the smaller gray wolf (Canis lupus). The dire wolf's magnitude at 10,000 B.C.E. extended from southern Alberta to Peru. An estimate of at least 1,646 dire wolves died at the Rancho La Brea tar pits in southern California. These pits, centers of asphalt accumulation for 25,000 years, have decoyed thousands of animals, commonly dire wolves. This suggests that dire wolf populations were significant at 10,000 B.C.E, but after a few thousand years the dire wolf had disappeared. The most recent incidences of the departed [[canidae]] are from the western United States in 7500 B.C.E., much after humans crossed the Bering Strait.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schwartz|first=Marion|title=A History of Dogs in the Early Americas|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H_eBih4FPd8C|date=October 1998|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-07519-9|page=50}}</ref>
When humans first entered in [[North America]], the Dire wolf, Canis dirus continued to allocate the landscape with the smaller gray wolf, known as Canis lupus. Canis lupus can be traced back to 1 million year ago, appearing first in Eurasia during [[Pleistocene]] epoch. Dire wolf is considered as the descendant of Canis lupus, which entered to North America about 750,000 years ago. Dire wolf and Canis lupus co-existed for 400,000 years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation|page=480-485|year=2013|publisher=JHU press|author1=George A. Feldhamer|author2=Bruce C. Thompson|author3=Joseph A. Chapman}}</ref> The dire wolf's magnitude at 10,000 B.C.E. extended from southern Alberta to Peru. An estimate of at least 1,646 dire wolves died at the Rancho La Brea tar pits in southern California. These pits, centers of asphalt accumulation for 25,000 years, have decoyed thousands of animals, commonly dire wolves. This suggests that dire wolf populations were significant at 10,000 B.C.E, but after a few thousand years the dire wolf had disappeared about 8,500 years ago.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Great American Wolf|page=10|first=Bruce|last=Hampton|year=1997|publisher=MacMillan}}</ref> The most recent incidences of the departed [[canidae]] are from the western United States in 7500 B.C.E., much after humans crossed the Bering Strait.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schwartz|first=Marion|title=A History of Dogs in the Early Americas|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H_eBih4FPd8C|date=October 1998|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-07519-9|page=50}}</ref>


Variety of dogs American dogs breeds are noted to have been mixed with Spanish and French dog breeds.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schwartz-dog.html |title=A History of Dogs in the Early Americas |work=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=[[New York Times Company|NYTC]] |location=New York |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Our Debt to the Dog: How the Domestic Dog Helped Shape Human Societies|page=85-86|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|year=2013|first=Bryan|last=D. Cummins}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties|publisher=Wiley|page=290|first=Liz|last=Palika}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|Hunting Dogs: Describes in a Practical Manner the Training, Handling, Treatment, Breeds, Etc., Best Adapted for Night Hunting as Well as Gun Dogs for Daylight Sport|page=34|first=Oliver|last=Hartley|publisher=Harding}}</ref> European idea of registering dog breeds and breed clubs led the foundation of Kennel Club in Great Britain in 1873. The United States was highly influenced by this concept and established American Kennel Club. Today, AKC is the largest purebred dog registry, registers more than 1 million dogs each year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biniok|first=Janice|title=The Poodle|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kyGh3CeNvNwC|date=January 2009|publisher=Eldorado Ink|isbn=978-1-932904-48-2|page=26}}</ref> The kennel club also organizes events for purebred dogs.
The range of dogs in Native American societies is limited. Variety of dogs were brought in the United States by the Spanish, they were different in character and they were breeding from the dogs that were presented in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schwartz-dog.html |title=A History of Dogs in the Early Americas |work=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=[[New York Times Company|NYTC]] |location=New York |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref>

European idea of registering dog breeds and breed clubs led the foundation of Kennel Club in Great Britain in 1873. The United States was highly influenced by this concept and established American Kennel Club. Today, AKC is the largest purbred dog registry, registers more than 1 million dogs each year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biniok|first=Janice|title=The Poodle|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kyGh3CeNvNwC|date=January 2009|publisher=Eldorado Ink|isbn=978-1-932904-48-2|page=26}}</ref> The kennel club also organizes events for purebred dogs.


==Status==
==Status==


Dog racing started in 1919 after the opening of a greyhound track in Emeryville, California. Albeit betting on dog races is reasonable under the law in eighteen states, today there are tracks in just fifteen states. In the vast majority of the cases wagering on races was not formally authorized by the law.<ref>{{cite book|author=William Norman Thompson|title=Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and Society|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-9eNVovFFMoC|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-159-5|page=93}}</ref>
Dog racing started in 1919 after the opening of a greyhound track in Emeryville, California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/167885/dog-racing|title=dog racing (sport) -- Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> Albeit betting on dog races is reasonable under the law in eighteen states, today there are tracks in just fifteen states. In the vast majority of the cases wagering on races was not formally authorized by the law.<ref>{{cite book|author=William Norman Thompson|title=Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and Society|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-9eNVovFFMoC|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-159-5|page=93}}</ref>


For big dogs, a few towns and urban areas don't permit occupants to have certain types of big-sized dogs. Furthermore, some insurance agencies have regulations about owning big dogs. At the point when considering a huge canine, a person is recommended to find out about the laws and regulations that apply on the purchase of dogs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pcxYAAAAYAAJ|date=December 1989|publisher=American Kennel Club|page=5}}</ref> Numerous states have chain or leash laws that oblige canines to be on leash when they are outside.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Joyce|title=Big Dogs|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9DQgzBPF0QcC|date=1 September 2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-2707-0|pages=15–38}}</ref>
Dog parks are now found in nearly every city of the country.<ref>{{cite book|title=Canine Sports & Games: Great Ways to Get Your Dog Fit and Have Fun Together!|page=40|first=Kristin|last=Mehus-Roe|publisher=Storey Publishing|year=2009}}</ref> A few towns and urban areas don't permit occupants to have certain types of big-sized dogs.<ref name="Cavendish">{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Joyce|title=Big Dogs|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9DQgzBPF0QcC|date=1 September 2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-2707-0|pages=15–38}}</ref> Furthermore, some insurance agencies have regulations about owning big dogs.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/cateyhill/2012/05/30/11-riskiest-dog-breeds-for-homeowners-and-renters/|title=11 Riskiest Dog Breeds for Homeowners and Renters|date=30 May, 2012}}</ref> At the point when considering a huge canine, a person is recommended to find out about the laws and regulations that apply on the purchase of dogs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pcxYAAAAYAAJ|date=December 1989|publisher=American Kennel Club|page=5}}</ref> Numerous states have chain or leash laws that oblige canines to be on leash when they are outside.<ref name="Cavendish"/>


After a rash of maulings within the mid-1980s, some leading to the death of toddlers, several American cities have severely restricted possession of Pitbulls, or illegal them entirely, called "breed-specific legislation," these laws are often and successfully challenged within the courts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Idowu|first=Arike|title=Soul Reflections: My Poetic Journey|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A3kPq77L3cUC&pg=PA6|date=August 2009|publisher=Tenisha Idowu|isbn=978-1-4486-5218-1|pages=6–}}</ref> A minimum of 2 states - Minnesota and Oklahoma - don't enable their municipalities to control possession of dogs in line with breed. On the opposite hand, the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to review two state supreme court choices - in Kansas and Ohio - upholding ordinances that ban people from keeping pitbulls.<ref name="Curnutt2001">{{cite book|last=Curnutt|first=Jordan|title=Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p2p0MptGeBkC|date=1 January 2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-147-2|pages=285–286}}</ref> [[British Veterinary Association]], [[The Kennel Club]] of London and others have opposed the breed specific legislation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Jacky|title=Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YdYm1zsNkFQC&pg=PT137|date=12 August 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-54187-2|pages=137}}</ref>
After a rash of maulings within the mid-1980s, some leading to the death of toddlers, several American cities have severely restricted possession of Pitbulls, or illegal them entirely, called "breed-specific legislation," these laws are often and successfully challenged within the courts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Idowu|first=Arike|title=Soul Reflections: My Poetic Journey|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A3kPq77L3cUC&pg=PA6|date=August 2009|publisher=Tenisha Idowu|isbn=978-1-4486-5218-1|pages=6–}}</ref> A minimum of 2 states - Minnesota and Oklahoma - don't enable their municipalities to control possession of dogs in line with breed. On the opposite hand, the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to review two state supreme court choices - in Kansas and Ohio - upholding ordinances that ban people from keeping pitbulls.<ref name="Curnutt2001">{{cite book|last=Curnutt|first=Jordan|title=Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p2p0MptGeBkC|date=1 January 2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-147-2|pages=285–286}}</ref> [[British Veterinary Association]], [[The Kennel Club]] of London and others have opposed the breed specific legislation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Jacky|title=Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YdYm1zsNkFQC&pg=PT137|date=12 August 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-54187-2|pages=137}}</ref>
Line 48: Line 46:
Notably, many dogs in the country have safely received [[Vaccination of dogs|vaccination]] on annual basis.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guidelines for the Treatment, Investigation, and Control of Animal Bites|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BzinS_HHo1cC&pg=PA62|date=1 September 1993|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-0-7881-0135-9|page=62}}</ref> Since 1950s, the measures of preventing rabies and vaccination of both domestic and wild dogs has eliminated the strains of rabies from United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat|page=190-196|first=Craig|last=E. Greene|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control|author1=Alfred S. Evans|author=2Richard A. Kaslow|page=667|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media}}</ref>
Notably, many dogs in the country have safely received [[Vaccination of dogs|vaccination]] on annual basis.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guidelines for the Treatment, Investigation, and Control of Animal Bites|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BzinS_HHo1cC&pg=PA62|date=1 September 1993|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-0-7881-0135-9|page=62}}</ref> Since 1950s, the measures of preventing rabies and vaccination of both domestic and wild dogs has eliminated the strains of rabies from United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat|page=190-196|first=Craig|last=E. Greene|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control|author1=Alfred S. Evans|author=2Richard A. Kaslow|page=667|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media}}</ref>


Dog upon their entry to the country can be subjected to inspection, it inlcudes the dogs that are imported from the country where rabies is present. Although the dogs that are imported from the country which is considered to be "rabies free" by the WHO wouldn't be inspected.<ref>{{cite book|title=Public Health Parts 1 to 399|publisher=Government Printing Office, Office of the Federal Register (U S )|page=477}}</ref>
Dogs upon their entry to the country can be subjected to inspection, it includes the dogs that are imported from the country where rabies is present. Although the dogs that are imported from the country which is considered to be "rabies free" by the World Health Organisation (WHO) wouldn't be inspected.<ref>{{cite book|title=Public Health Parts 1 to 399|publisher=Government Printing Office, Office of the Federal Register (U S )|page=477}}</ref>


==Statistics==
==Statistics==


From 1987 to 1996, the dog population was stable, later on it has increased at a rate of 3-4% every year.<ref name="Gompper2013">{{cite book|last=Gompper|first=Matthew E.|title=Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MdPDAQAAQBAJ|date=17 October 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-164011-7|page=26}}</ref> In 2000, there were 68 million dogs in the country.<ref>[http://www.statista.com/statistics/198100/dogs-in-the-united-states-since-2000/ • Number of dogs in the U.S., 2014 | Statistic<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 2010, estimate was 75 million, about 40% of the American households had a dog.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morey|first=Darcy|title=Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ne7l6RooN2QC&pg=PR16|date=12 April 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76006-5|page=16}}</ref>
From 1987 to 1996, the dog population was stable, later on it has increased at the rate of 3-4% every year.<ref name="Gompper2013">{{cite book|last=Gompper|first=Matthew E.|title=Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MdPDAQAAQBAJ|date=17 October 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-164011-7|page=26}}</ref> In 2000, there were 68 million dogs in the country.<ref>[http://www.statista.com/statistics/198100/dogs-in-the-united-states-since-2000/ • Number of dogs in the U.S., 2014 | Statistic<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 2010, estimate was 75 million, about 40% of the American households had a dog.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morey|first=Darcy|title=Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ne7l6RooN2QC&pg=PR16|date=12 April 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76006-5|page=16}}</ref>


In 2012, there were 83.3 million dogs and about 47% of households had a dog. 70% of the owners had a dog,<ref name="humane">{{cite web |url= http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/pet_overpopulation/facts/pet_ownership_statistics.html |title=U.S. Pet Ownership and Shelter Population Estimates : The Humane Society of the United States |work=Humane society |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> 20% of the owners had 2 dogs, and 10% of the owners had 3 or more dogs.<ref name="humane"/>
In 2012, there were 83.3 million dogs and about 47% of households had a dog. 70% of the owners had a dog,<ref name="humane">{{cite web |url= http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/pet_overpopulation/facts/pet_ownership_statistics.html |title=U.S. Pet Ownership and Shelter Population Estimates : The Humane Society of the United States |work=Humane society |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> 20% of the owners had 2 dogs, and 10% of the owners had 3 or more dogs.<ref name="humane"/>

Revision as of 03:06, 23 August 2014

Status of dogs in the United States has been widely acknowledged by the number of observers. Dogs are usually regarded as family members and they are highly cherished.[1] The American Kennel Club remains the largest registry of pure breed dogs across the world.[2]

History

Some of the earliest archaeological traces of the existence of dogs in the United States can be dated back to 9,000[3] to 35,000 years ago. It is generally held that dogs came to America after crossing from Siberia to Alaska. During this period, domestication of dogs started in America.[4][5] The sequence divergence in this clade proposes that dogs originated about 100,000 years ago.[6]

When humans first entered in North America, the Dire wolf, Canis dirus continued to allocate the landscape with the smaller gray wolf, known as Canis lupus. Canis lupus can be traced back to 1 million year ago, appearing first in Eurasia during Pleistocene epoch. Dire wolf is considered as the descendant of Canis lupus, which entered to North America about 750,000 years ago. Dire wolf and Canis lupus co-existed for 400,000 years.[7] The dire wolf's magnitude at 10,000 B.C.E. extended from southern Alberta to Peru. An estimate of at least 1,646 dire wolves died at the Rancho La Brea tar pits in southern California. These pits, centers of asphalt accumulation for 25,000 years, have decoyed thousands of animals, commonly dire wolves. This suggests that dire wolf populations were significant at 10,000 B.C.E, but after a few thousand years the dire wolf had disappeared about 8,500 years ago.[8] The most recent incidences of the departed canidae are from the western United States in 7500 B.C.E., much after humans crossed the Bering Strait.[9]

Variety of dogs American dogs breeds are noted to have been mixed with Spanish and French dog breeds.[10][11][12][13] European idea of registering dog breeds and breed clubs led the foundation of Kennel Club in Great Britain in 1873. The United States was highly influenced by this concept and established American Kennel Club. Today, AKC is the largest purebred dog registry, registers more than 1 million dogs each year.[14] The kennel club also organizes events for purebred dogs.

Status

Dog racing started in 1919 after the opening of a greyhound track in Emeryville, California.[15] Albeit betting on dog races is reasonable under the law in eighteen states, today there are tracks in just fifteen states. In the vast majority of the cases wagering on races was not formally authorized by the law.[16]

Dog parks are now found in nearly every city of the country.[17] A few towns and urban areas don't permit occupants to have certain types of big-sized dogs.[18] Furthermore, some insurance agencies have regulations about owning big dogs.[19] At the point when considering a huge canine, a person is recommended to find out about the laws and regulations that apply on the purchase of dogs.[20] Numerous states have chain or leash laws that oblige canines to be on leash when they are outside.[18]

After a rash of maulings within the mid-1980s, some leading to the death of toddlers, several American cities have severely restricted possession of Pitbulls, or illegal them entirely, called "breed-specific legislation," these laws are often and successfully challenged within the courts.[21] A minimum of 2 states - Minnesota and Oklahoma - don't enable their municipalities to control possession of dogs in line with breed. On the opposite hand, the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to review two state supreme court choices - in Kansas and Ohio - upholding ordinances that ban people from keeping pitbulls.[22] British Veterinary Association, The Kennel Club of London and others have opposed the breed specific legislation.[23]

The exact amount of dogmen(involved in dogfighting) remains unknown in America, so the overall range of gamedogs. Estimates vary from 10,000 to 50,000 people who either fight dogs for a living or as a hobby. All fifty states have criminalized managing, sponsoring, promoting or operative a dogfighting enterprise or inflicting dogs to fight. Dogfighting is felony in 48 states.[24] Several of those laws specifically exempt the employment of dogs for managing livestock and for hunting.[25]

As recently as 1975, no state provided a crime conviction for any side of dogfighting. In 2000 participation in an exceedingly dogfighting business is illegal in forty-five states, punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 and the maximum amount as 5 years in jail.[26] In 1998, during the police raid, about 55 dogs were found in the home of Cesar Cerda. Cerda used them for dogfighting.[27] Cerda was sentenced to 6-7 years in California after he was convicted of 63 cases concerning the animal cruelty.[28]

Under Animal Welfare Act rules, a dog stock breeder should be licensed with the USDA, and is classified a "class A" dealer.[29] This can be outlined partially someone "whose business involving animals consists solely of animals that are bred and raised on the premises in a closed and stable colony and those animals acquired for the only purpose of maintaining or enhancing the breeding colony .. [,and] any individual who, in commerce for compensation or profit... sells ... any dog... to be used as a pet." In 1971 breeders became subject to standards issued by the USDA for humane handling and care of dogs. Similarly, "class B" dealers should even be licensed and accommodate AWA laws.[30][31][32] These are primarily animal brokers or distributor who don't breed dogs or(usually) hold them in facilities however instead negotiate their sale to pet ships. Retail stores that sell dogs are not quoted by any federal law, though there's some state regulation here.[31][25] Those who are involved in the business of displaying animals are classified under C class and they are provided Class C license.[31] According to an estimate provided by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), in 2009 there were about 9,530 facilities provided or licensed under AWA :-

Type Estimate
A 3,898
B 1,031
C 2,732

Remaining 1,257 included the researchers and others.[33]

AWA laws for dogs starts with general housing standards.[34] The facilities during which dogs live are to be made and frequently maintained, often cleaned and sanitised and effectively forestall escape, access by different animals or injury. Cooling, Heating ventilation, lighting and running potable water are all compulsory similarly as "disposable and drainage systems that are made and operated in order that animal wastes are eliminated and therefore the animals stay dry," per section 3.10.[35] Temperatures in indoor housing should not fall below forty five degrees °F or rise higher than eighty five degrees °F for over four consecutive hours and dogs should be provided with daily lighting cycle. Furthermore, different kind of animals should not be housed along with other animals unless they are compatible.[36]

Starting 2000, just three states ordered pound seizure (permitting felines and canines to be taken from shelters for research labs for experimentation). More than twelve states now forbid this practice in many regions and dropped the activity because of public outcry.[37]

The intentional mutilation of specific types of dogs' ears and tails routinely carried out in the United States for cosmetic purposes is prohibited in England and few other nations.[37] American Animal Hospital Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association are formally opposed to the ear cropping and tail docking of dogs.[38]

Vaccination

Notably, many dogs in the country have safely received vaccination on annual basis.[39] Since 1950s, the measures of preventing rabies and vaccination of both domestic and wild dogs has eliminated the strains of rabies from United States.[40][41]

Dogs upon their entry to the country can be subjected to inspection, it includes the dogs that are imported from the country where rabies is present. Although the dogs that are imported from the country which is considered to be "rabies free" by the World Health Organisation (WHO) wouldn't be inspected.[42]

Statistics

From 1987 to 1996, the dog population was stable, later on it has increased at the rate of 3-4% every year.[43] In 2000, there were 68 million dogs in the country.[44] In 2010, estimate was 75 million, about 40% of the American households had a dog.[45]

In 2012, there were 83.3 million dogs and about 47% of households had a dog. 70% of the owners had a dog,[46] 20% of the owners had 2 dogs, and 10% of the owners had 3 or more dogs.[46]

Dog breeds

There are a number of dog breeds that originated in the United States.

  1. Alaskan Husky
  2. Alaskan Klee Kai
  3. Alaskan Malamute
  4. American Bulldog
  5. American Cocker Spaniel
  6. American English Coonhound
  7. American Foxhound
  8. American Hairless Terrier
  9. American Pit Bull Terrier
  10. American Staffordshire Terrier
  11. American Water Spaniel
  12. Australian Shepherd
  13. Black and Tan Coonhound
  14. Black and Tan Virginia Foxhound
  15. Black Mouth Cur
  16. Blue Lacy
  17. Bluetick coonhound
  18. Boston Terrier
  19. Boykin Spaniel
  20. Carolina Dog
  21. Catahoula Bulldog
  22. Catahoula Cur
  23. Chesapeake Bay Retriever
  24. Chinook (dog)
  25. Cur
  26. English Shepherd
  27. Feist (dog)
  28. Hare Indian Dog
  29. Hawaiian Poi Dog
  30. King Shepherd
  31. Kyi-Leo
  32. Leavitt Bulldog
  33. Longhaired Whippet
  34. Majestic Tree Hound
  35. McNab dog
  36. Miniature American Shepherd
  37. Miniature Australian Shepherd
  38. Mountain Cur
  39. Old Time Farm Shepherd
  40. Olde English Bulldogge
  41. Pit bull
  42. Plott Hound
  43. Rat Terrier
  44. Redbone Coonhound
  45. Salish Wool Dog
  46. Shiloh Shepherd Dog
  47. Silken Windhound
  48. Stephens Cur
  49. Swinford Bandog
  50. Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
  51. Toy Fox Terrier
  52. Toy Manchester Terrier
  53. Treeing Cur
  54. Treeing Tennessee Brindle
  55. Treeing Walker Coonhound
  56. Trigg Hound
  57. White Shepherd

See also

References

  1. ^ Ballantine, Jeanne H.; Spade, Joan Z. (4 April 2011). Schools and Society: A Sociological Approach to Education. Pine Forge Press. pp. 80–. ISBN 978-1-4129-7924-5.
  2. ^ Jennifer P. Terrell. Pet Health Care Insurance. Clinton Gilkie. p. 2. GGKEY:ZYKP1E98AXG.
  3. ^ Miklósi, Ãdám. Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford University Press. p. 241.
  4. ^ Lawlor, Laurie. This Tender Place: The Story of a Wetland Year. Terrace. p. 31.
  5. ^ "'A Dog's History of America' (washingtonpost.com)". The Washington Post. Washington DC: WPC. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  6. ^ Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (21 October 2003). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. JHU Press. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-8018-7416-1.
  7. ^ George A. Feldhamer; Bruce C. Thompson; Joseph A. Chapman (2013). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. JHU press. p. 480-485.
  8. ^ Hampton, Bruce (1997). The Great American Wolf. MacMillan. p. 10.
  9. ^ Schwartz, Marion (October 1998). A History of Dogs in the Early Americas. Yale University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-300-07519-9.
  10. ^ "A History of Dogs in the Early Americas". The New York Times. New York: NYTC. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  11. ^ D. Cummins, Bryan (2013). Our Debt to the Dog: How the Domestic Dog Helped Shape Human Societies. Carolina Academic Press. p. 85-86.
  12. ^ Palika, Liz. The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties. Wiley. p. 290.
  13. ^ Hartley, Oliver. Harding. p. 34. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Hunting Dogs: Describes in a Practical Manner the Training, Handling, Treatment, Breeds, Etc., Best Adapted for Night Hunting as Well as Gun Dogs for Daylight Sport" ignored (help)
  14. ^ Biniok, Janice (January 2009). The Poodle. Eldorado Ink. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-932904-48-2.
  15. ^ "dog racing (sport) -- Encyclopedia Britannica". Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  16. ^ William Norman Thompson (2001). Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and Society. ABC-CLIO. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-57607-159-5.
  17. ^ Mehus-Roe, Kristin (2009). Canine Sports & Games: Great Ways to Get Your Dog Fit and Have Fun Together!. Storey Publishing. p. 40.
  18. ^ a b Hart, Joyce (1 September 2007). Big Dogs. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 15–38. ISBN 978-0-7614-2707-0.
  19. ^ 11 Riskiest Dog Breeds for Homeowners and Renters. 30 May, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette. American Kennel Club. December 1989. p. 5.
  21. ^ Idowu, Arike (August 2009). Soul Reflections: My Poetic Journey. Tenisha Idowu. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-4486-5218-1.
  22. ^ Curnutt, Jordan (1 January 2001). Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 285–286. ISBN 978-1-57607-147-2.
  23. ^ Turner, Jacky (12 August 2010). Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society. Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-136-54187-2.
  24. ^ Abigail Perdue; Randall Lockwood. Animal Cruelty and Freedom of Speech: When Worlds Collide. Purdue University Press. p. 203.
  25. ^ a b Curnutt, Jordan (1 January 2001). Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 120–290. ISBN 978-1-57607-147-2.
  26. ^ RANKING OF STATE DOGFIGHTING LAWS
  27. ^ "Sentence criticized". 5 July, 2002. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Group, Vibe Media (November 2000). Vibe. Vibe Media Group. p. 64. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  29. ^ Licensing and Registration Under the Animal Welfare Act
  30. ^ "Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research". Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  31. ^ a b c Shames, Lisa (January 2011). Animal Welfare: USDA¿s Oversight of Dealers of Random Source Dogs and Cats Would Benefit from Additional Management Information and Analysis. DIANE Publishing. p. 4–. ISBN 978-1-4379-4027-5.
  32. ^ Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook
  33. ^ "GAO-10-945, Animal Welfare USDA's Oversight of Dealers of Random Source Dogs and Cats Would Benefit from Additional Management Information and Analysis". Retrieved 21 August, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ "Laws and Regulations - Animal Use in Research". Retrieved 20 August, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  35. ^ "Final Rules: Animal Welfare; 9 CFR Part 3 - Animal Welfare Information Center". Retrieved 20 August, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  36. ^ USDA Compliance Inspections
  37. ^ a b Fox, Dr. Michael W. Dog Body, Dog Mind: Exploring Canine Consciousness and Total Well-Being. Globe Pequot. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-59921-661-4.
  38. ^ Rugh, Karla S. (2009). Miniature Schnauzers: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, and Behavior. Barron's Educational Series. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7641-4245-1.
  39. ^ Guidelines for the Treatment, Investigation, and Control of Animal Bites. DIANE Publishing. 1 September 1993. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7881-0135-9.
  40. ^ E. Greene, Craig (2013). Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 190-196.
  41. ^ 2Richard A. Kaslow. Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 667. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author1= and |author= specified (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ Public Health Parts 1 to 399. Government Printing Office, Office of the Federal Register (U S ). p. 477.
  43. ^ Gompper, Matthew E. (17 October 2013). Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation. OUP Oxford. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-19-164011-7.
  44. ^ • Number of dogs in the U.S., 2014 | Statistic
  45. ^ Morey, Darcy (12 April 2010). Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-76006-5.
  46. ^ a b "U.S. Pet Ownership and Shelter Population Estimates : The Humane Society of the United States". Humane society. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogs_in_the_United_States&oldid=622421406"