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The one-electron universe postulate, proposed by John Wheeler in a telephone call to Richard Feynman in the spring of 1940, states that all electrons and protons are quanta of a single quadridimensional field, with protons being electrons moving backwards in time:

As a by-product of this same view, I received a telephone call one day at the graduate college at Princeton from Professor Wheeler, in which he said, "Feynman, I know why all electrons have the same charge and the same mass" "Why?" "Because, they are all the same electron!" And, then he explained on the telephone, "suppose that the world lines which we were ordinarily considering before in time and space—instead of only going up in time were a tremendous knot, and then, when we cut through the knot, by the plane corresponding to a fixed time, we would see many, many world lines and that would represent many electrons, except for one thing. If in one section this is an ordinary electron world line, in the section in which it reversed itself and is coming back from the future we have the wrong sign to the proper time—to the proper four velocities—and that's equivalent to changing the sign of the charge, and, therefore, that part of a path would act like a positron." "But, Professor", I said, "there aren't as many positrons as electrons." "Well, maybe they are hidden in the protons or something", he said.

—Feynman, Richard ♦ Nobel Lecture 11 December 1965

The postulate is the basis of modern quantum field theory:

All electrons, for example, are identical, being quanta of a single electron field filling all of spacetime. To each distinct species of particle corresponds a field, and vice versa. This, in a word, is the essence of quantum field theory: the natural framework for a description of relativistic quantum point-particles, explaining their corpuscular properties when detected in energy-momentum eigenstates and their wave behaviour when considering their spacetime propagation.

—Govaerts, Jan ♦ On the Road Towards the Quantum Geometer's Universe: An Introduction to Four-Dimensional Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theory in "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Contemporary Problems in Mathematical Physics: Cotonou, Republic of Benin, 1–7 November 2003" ♦ World Scientific, 2004, p. 98

References

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 All electrons, for example, are identical, being quanta of a single electron field filling all of spacetime. To each distinct species of particle corresponds a field, and ''vice versa''. This, in a word, is the essence of quantum field theory: the natural framework for a description of relativistic quantum point-particles, explaining their corpuscular properties when detected in energy-momentum eigenstates and their wave behaviour when considering their spacetime propagation.
 :—Govaerts, Jan ♦ [https://books.google.com/books?id=t9Zlx7r6ORgC&pg=PA98&dq=%22All+electrons,+for+example,+are+identical,+being+quanta+of+a+single+electron+field+filling+all+of+spacetime%22 On the Road Towards the Quantum Geometer's Universe: An Introduction to Four-Dimensional Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theory] in "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Contemporary Problems in Mathematical Physics: Cotonou, Republic of Benin, 1–7 November 2003" ♦ World Scientific, 2004, p.&nbsp;98
-</blockquote>
-==Coyne's view of the universe as a dendritic mass-drainage system==
-Donald G. Coyne<ref>Williams, David A. ♦ [http://news.ucsc.edu/2008/11/2532.html In Memoriam: Donald Coyne, adjunct professor emeritus of physics] 3&nbsp;November 2008</ref> proposed a flaw in Wheeler's concept. According to him, any proton in our spacetime continuum is a [[Wave–particle duality|particle-like]] black hole,<ref name="Zyga">Zyga, Lisa ♦  [http://www.physorg.com/news161857121.html Is Everything Made of Mini Black Holes?] ''PhysOrg.com'', 18 May 2009</ref> being the entry mouth of a [[Wave–particle duality|wave-like]] wormhole whose exit mouth is an electron in a perfectly identical smaller-scale continuum, which is the central proton of our continuum.<ref name="Coyne">Coyne, D. G. ♦ [http://arxiv.org/ftp/hep-th/papers/0602/0602183.pdf#page=29&view=FitV A Scenario for Strong Gravity without Extra Dimensions] 2006, pp. 29–31</ref>
-In Coyne's model, the gravitoelectric (''i.e.'', irrotational, [[wiktionary:potential#Adjective|potential]], [[Wave–particle duality|wave-like]]) vacuum between gravitomagnetic (''i.e.'', rotational, actual, [[Wave–particle duality|particle-like]]) protons is regarded as their collective [[Wave function|wavefunction]]—a network of unidimensional wormholes (channels of quantum entanglement), representing the gravitational [[synergy]] ([[Dark matter|dark mass]]) of protons:
-<blockquote>
-Let’s postulate a "pseudo-singularity" (henceforth termed psingularity) within the horizon—a normal singularity but with the fluctuations expected from quantum gravity. ... This gives us a strange picture of a universe that presumably began at a psingularity containing a host of elementary particles, each of which contains a psingularity—an ugly situation at best. But an immensely simpler universe results if all of these are the ''same'' psingularity; everything in the universe is intimately connected through the interiors of the horizons of the particles. Fig. 10a attempts to illustrate this conjectured metric. This discussion has relied mainly on intuition, but the picture presented seems to fit well, and extend, the information-conserving model of Horowitz and Maldacena [34]. In that calculation, specification of the quantum state at the singularity was purported to allow teleportation of information across the horizon. In addition, that model suggested a relation to a possible wormhole nature of the singularity; the extension I suggest is that the wormhole (p)singularities all connect to one another, providing a physical interpretation of the real meaning of teleportation of particle properties. What better way to specify the wavefunction at the singularity—those authors even suggest that the boundary condition at the singularity is the wave function of the universe, which would follow naturally for the hypergravity "universal" psingularity. ... In any case, the peculiarities of the quantum mechanics of highly entangled particle pairs seem much less mysterious in this picture, once one swallows the very large pill of the odd metric, essentially a one-dimensional universal wormhole.<ref name="Coyne"/>
-</blockquote>
-This view of the vacuum is shared by other physicists too:
-<blockquote>
-The vacuum is really an expression of the continuous or noncountable nature of mass-energy ("mass", as the source of gravity). Continuity, as we will see, automatically makes mass-energy unidimensional and unipolar. ... It is also responsible for quantum-mechanical nonlocality and the instantaneous transmission of the static gravitational force—though not the acceleration-dependent inertial or GTR component, or the inertial reaction force that we actually measure in systems with localised mass (and with which gravity is often confused).
-:—Rowlands, Peter ♦ [http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0301071v1#page=10&view=FitV The Nilpotent Dirac Equation and its Applications in Particle Physics] 2003, p. 10
-</blockquote>
-[[File:Large-scale_structure_formation.gif|thumb|right|The continuum is undergoing a 13.7-billion-year-long exponentially accelerated [[electrical treeing|gravitoelectrical treeing]], during which protons [[Spaghettification#A_simple_example|spaghettify]] (become [[Blueshift#Gravitational_blueshift|gravitationally blueshifted]] to the [[Planck length|Planck wavelength]] and translationally accelerated to the speed of light) in the direction of the central proton.]]
-[[File:Dendritic Drainage pattern.jpg|thumb|175 px|right|By the end of the continuum's 13.7-billion-year-long exponentially accelerated [[electrical treeing|gravitoelectrical treeing]], its protons become [[Spaghettification#A_simple_example|spaghettified]] into a gravitationally [[Synergy|synergetic]] [[Drainage_system_(geomorphology)#Dendritic_drainage_pattern|dendritic mass-drainage system]].<br>In the immediate vicinity of the central proton, the universe's wavefunction has the highest [[Complexity#Disorganized_complexity_vs._organized_complexity|organized complexity]] and takes the form of the Earth's biosphere.]]
-The [[gravitational potential]] is analogous to the [[electric potential]] with [[mass]] playing the role of [[charge (physics)|charge]] and with the uniformity of protons' spatial distribution playing the role of [[Dielectric|dielectricity]] (because the [[Gravitational potential|gravitoelectric potentials]] of uniformly distributed protons cancel each other). Therefore, the world is a 13.7-billion-year-long process of exponentially accelerated [[electrical treeing|gravitoelectrical treeing]], during which protons [[Spaghettification#A_simple_example|spaghettify]] (become [[Blueshift#Gravitational_blueshift|gravitationally blueshifted]] to the [[Planck length|Planck wavelength]] and translationally accelerated to the speed of light) in the direction of the central proton. Having become spaghettified into a gravitationally [[Synergy|synergetic]] [[Drainage_system_(geomorphology)#Dendritic_drainage_pattern|dendritic mass-drainage system]], protons undergo a [[Electrical breakdown|gravitoelectrical breakdown]] by tunneling into the central proton, where they reemerge as gravitationally nonsynergetic uniformly distributed protons, which begin a 13.7-billion-year-long process of exponentially accelerated gravitoelectrical treeing and eventually tunnel into the central proton. And so ''ad infinitum''.
-In the course of the continuum's 13.7-billion-year-long exponentially accelerated [[electrical treeing|gravitoelectrical treeing]], its protons' rest mass (gravitational "[[voltage]]", proportional to the radius or the [[Compton wavelength]] of a proton) becomes drained into the growing network of wormholes between them and converted into the wormholes' gravitational "[[Electric current|amperage]]" (traversability, proportional to a unidimensional wormhole's radius—the [[Planck length]]). Said otherwise, as the radii of protons shrink relatively to the ambient vacuum, the radii of the ambient vacuum's wormholes expand relatively to protons, so that the wormholes eventually become traversable by protons. The last 50 percent of protons' initial rest mass (gravitational "voltage") become drained instantaneously—protons undergo a [[Electrical breakdown|gravitoelectrical breakdown]] by tunneling into the central proton:
-<blockquote>
-Clearly with ''G''(''t'') ''α'' ''t'' the quantity known as the Planck Length in (9) will itself be a function of time such that ''L<sub>P</sub>'' (''t'') ''α'' √''t''. It is interesting to note that at a time ''n'' = ''N'' the Planck Length will have grown to a size such that ''L<sub>P</sub>'' = ''λp''. (Or conversely, in the cosmological frame, the proton wavelength will have shrunk below the Planck Length). ...<br>In Section 3 we saw that at a time ''n = N'' (where ''n'' is the time in atomic time units, and ''N'' is the baryon number of the Universe), the evolution of the Universe reaches a state at which the Planck length is equal to the Compton wavelength of the proton. ... At this point the Universe effectively comes to an end as all protons simultaneously collapse ... .
-:—Booth, Robin ♦ [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0106/0106007v2.pdf#page=16&view=FitV Machian General Relativity: a possible solution to the Dark Energy problem and an alternative to Big Bang cosmology] 2008, pp. 12, 16
-</blockquote>
-The radius of the proton, experimentally determined by [[Robert Hofstadter]], is 7 × '''10<sup>−16</sup>''' metres.<ref>Hofstadter, Robert ♦ [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1961/hofstadter-lecture.pdf#page=12&view=FitV The electron-scattering method and its application to the structure of nuclei and nucleons] Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1961, p. 12</ref>
-The [[Planck length]], inferred by [[Craig Hogan]] from the results of his Fermilab experiments, is approximately equal to the radius of the proton:
-<blockquote>
-So while the Planck length is too small for experiments to detect, the holographic "projection" of that graininess could be much, much larger, at around '''10<sup>−16</sup>''' metres.
-:—Chown, Marcus ♦ [http://www.scribd.com/doc/15765052/Our-World-May-Be-a-Giant-Hologram Our world may be a giant hologram] ''New Scientist'', 15 January 2009
-</blockquote>
-According to Coyne:
-<blockquote>
-I've proposed a leaky pseudohorizon through which hypergravity transmogrifies into GR, but it is plausible that other aspects of hypergravity "leak out" and generate the other forces and charges of elementary particle theory. In the simplest conjecture, there is one grand unified force and it is hypergravity.<ref name="Coyne"/>
 </blockquote>