Timeline of the Napoleonic era: Difference between revisions

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Undid revision 629797573 by ShadowNinja1080 (talk). I don't link reverting such a large good faith edit as this,but I think it needs discussing on the talk page before such a change
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*November 3: Stationed in Valence
*November 3: Stationed in Valence


;1793
==Prelude==
*December 22: For his brilliant tactical command (although a subordinate officer, he was widely credited for the victory) at an internal French [[Siege of Toulon|battle at Toulon]], Napoleon receives the new rank of brigadier general
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dates !! Events !!
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| April 20, 1792
| France declares war on Austria, Prussia and Piedmont: Beginning of the [[War of the First Coalition]].'''
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| April 29, 1792
| [[Battle of Baisieux]], ended in a humiliating defeat for the armies of revolutionary France.'''
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 14, 1792
| Russian troops cross the border Poland fight to defend the constitution. [[Confederation of Targowica]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| July 14, 1792
| National Holiday in France: the Marseillaise, initially composed for the French Rhine Army, spreads throughout France and becomes the National Anthem.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 20, 1792
| [[Siege of Longwy]] begins.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 23, 1792
| Capitulation of the fortification of Longwy.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 29 - 2 September, 1792
| [[Siege of Verdun]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 5–7, 1792
| First phase of the „terreur“ (so called september
murders).
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 20, 1792
| [[Battle of Valmy]] (France versus Prussia/Austria) French Victory.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 21, 1792
| Establishment of the first French Republic.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 23, 1792
| The Austrians encircle Lille.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 1, 1792
| The convention splits his forces in eight armies: North, Ardennes, Moselle, Rhine, Vosges, Alps, Pyrénées, Interior.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 3, 1792
| Revolutionary troops occupy Basel.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 4, 1792
| Revolutionary troops occupy Worms.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 27, 1792
| Revolutionary troops enter Belgium.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| November 6, 1792
| The revolutionary troops occupy Jemappes (part of the Austrian part of the Netherlands).
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| November 9, 1792
| Revolutionary troops occupy the Palatinate.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| January 21, 1793
| [[Louis XVI]] guillotined.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| January 23, 1793
| Russia and Prussia signed the [[Second Partition of Poland]] with parts of Mazovia to Prussia; Podolia, Volhynia, and Lithuanian to Russia.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| January 24, 1793
| Because of the [[Execution of Louis XVI]], Great Britain breaks off its diplomatic relations with France.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| February 1, 1793
| France declares war on United Kingdom, Holland, and Belgium.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| February 7, 1793
| France declares war on Spain.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| March 1, 1793
| The Convention declares the reunion of Brussels to France; the following cities and regions are reunited to France in the next days: Le Hainaut, Stavelot, Franchimont, Logne, Salm, Gent, Brügge, Tournai, Louvain, Namur and 32 communities on the bank of the river Rhine.
Battle of Aldenhoven.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| March 15, 1793
| Upheavals in the region Loire-Atlantique (south east of the Bretagne).
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| March 18, 1793
| [[Battle of Neerwinden.]]
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| March 22, 1793
| Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Naples and the Roman Empire declare war on France, not at least in reaction to the murder of the French king.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| March 25, 1793
| Alliance between Russia and Great Britain.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| April 8 - 24 July
| [[Siege of Condé]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| April 14, 1793
| The Coalition wins the [[Siege of Mainz]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| April 22, 1793
| The United States declare themselves neutral in the European War.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 8, 1793
| [[Battle of Raismes]]; Allied cictory.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 23, 1793
| [[Battle of Famars]] ends with Coalition victory.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 23 - June 24, 1793
| [[Siege of Bellegarde]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 25, 1793
| [[Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| May 25 - 27 July, 1793
| [[Siege of Valenciennes]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| June 9, 1793
| [[Battle of Arlon]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| July 17, 1793
| [[Battle of Perpignan]]; first significant Spanish failure campaign at the eastern end of the Pyrenees.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| July 27, 1793
| Robespierre becomes the leader of the French Revolution.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 7, 1793
| [[Battle of Caesar's Camp]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 17, 1793
| [[Battle of Lincelles]]; the French retreat to Lille.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 19 - 11 September, 1793
| [[Siege of Quesnoy]]; last of a series of successful Allied sieges on the northern border of France in the summer of 1793 that saw the French lose control of a number of key border fortifications, but at the same time gave them the time to raise new mass armies, and which did little to advance the Allied cause.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 20 - 23 December, 1793
| [[Siege of Landau]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 24 - 8 September, 1793
| [[Siege of Dunkirk]]; British failure that demonstrated the poor condition of the British army at the start of the War of the First Coalition, and marked the beginning of a period of French success in Belgium and northern France.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 27, 1793
| Toulon welcomes in the British navy.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| August 28 - 13 September, 1793
| [[Siege of Le Quesnoy]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 6 - 8, 1793
| [[Battle of Hondschoote]]; victory for the new mass armies of the French Republic, and forced an Allied army under the Duke of York to abandon the [[Siege of Dunkirk]].
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 12, 1793
| [[Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec]]; French infantry column virtually destroyed by an Austrian cavalry attack, and demonstrated that the new conscripted French infantry could still be vulnerable.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 12 - 13, 1793
| [[Battle of Menin]]; second victory in five days for the French army of General Houchard, and saw the French defeat the Dutch army under William V, prince of Orange, briefly knocking them out of the war.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 15, 1793
| [[Battle of Menin]]; an Austrian victory over the French army of General Houchard that helped to restore the Allied position in Belgium after the French victories at Hondschoote and and two days earlier over the same ground at Menin.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 17, 1793
| [[Battle of Peyrestortes]]; French victory that ended a short-lived blockade of Perpignan in the early phases of the War of the Convention.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 18 - December 18, 1793
| [[Siege of Toulon]] begins.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 22, 1793
| [[Battle of Truillas]] major Spanish victory in the eastern Pyrenees that saw them defeat a French attempt to drive them away from Perpignan and back towards the mountains.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| September 30 - 17 October, 1793
| [[Siege of Maubeuge]] ended a series of Allied successes against the French border fortifications, and was raised by the great French victory at Wattignies on 15-16 October which demonstrated that the new revolutionary armies were becoming increasingly capable.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 13, 1793
| [[First Battle of Wissembourg]]; an Allied victory on the Rhine front that briefly threatened the entire French position in Alsace.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 15-16, 1793
| [[Battle of Wattignies]]; French victory that forced the Allies to lift the [[Siege of Maubeuge]], and removed the threat of an immediate Allied invasion of France.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 16, 1793
| Marie Antoinette guillotined.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 22 - 29, 1793
| [[Siege of Nieuport]]; an unsuccessful French attempt to capture the channel ports being used by the British Army in Belgium.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| October 27, 1793
| Combat of Espolla; a Spanish victory that ended a poorly conceived French attempt to capture the port of Roses.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| November 26, 1793
| Combat of the Bridge of Ceret; a Spanish victory on the Eastern Pyrenees front during the War of the Convention that prevented the French from taking advantage of a winter storm that had swept away all but one bridge across the River Tech.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| November 28 - 30, 1793
| [[Battle of Kaiserslautern]]; a poorly handled French attack on the Prussian army of the Duke of Brunswick that was an inauspicious start to the career of Lazare Hoche as commander of the French Army of the Moselle.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| December 12, 1793
| Decree introducing compulsory education in France.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| December 18 - 22, 1793
| [[Battle of Froeschwiller]]; first victory by General Lazare Hoche in his role as Commander of the Army of the Moselle in the autumn of 1793.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| December 26 - 29, 1793
| Second Battle of Wissembourg.
|- style="background:lightgrey"
| December 29, 1793
| France retakes Toulon, aided by one Captain Napoleon Bonaparte.
|- style="background:lightgrey"



;1794
;1794

Revision as of 21:25, 16 October 2014

Timeline of the Napoleonic era (1799–1815). The Napoleonic era began in 1799 with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état, that overthrew the Directory and established the French Consulate. It ended in 1815 during the Hundred Days with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo or a few days later when he abdicated for the second time.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Main article: Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt], Italian: Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.

Early years

1769
  • August 15: Napoleon Bonaparte born in Ajaccio, Corsica
1785
  • October 28: Graduates from Ecole Militaire with the rank of second lieutenant in the artillery.
  • November 3: Stationed in Valence
1793
  • December 22: For his brilliant tactical command (although a subordinate officer, he was widely credited for the victory) at an internal French battle at Toulon, Napoleon receives the new rank of brigadier general
1794
  • August 9–20: Napoleon is imprisoned under suspicion of being a Jacobin and a supporter of Robespierre.
1795
  • October: Royalist 13 Vendémiaire rising put down by Napoleon. Barras helps Napoleon win promotion to Commander of the Interior.
  • October 15: At the home of Paul François Barras, a Directory member, Napoleon meets Rose de Beauharnais (Josephine)
  • 2 November: Directory established
1796
  • March 2: Napoleon is given command of the French army in Italy
  • March 11: Italian campaign against Austria begins
  • May 10: Napoleon wins the Battle of Lodi
  • November 17: Napoleon wins the Battle of Arcole
1797
  • January 14: Napoleon wins the Battle of Rivoli
  • October 17: Treaty of Campo-Formio with Austria.
  • December 5: Napoleon returns to Paris as a hero
1798
  • May 19: Napoleon begins his Egyptian campaign with an army of 38,000
  • July 21: Wins Battle of the Pyramids against Mamelukes in Egypt
  • July 24: Fall of Cairo
  • August 2: Under the command of Admiral Nelson, the British fleet destroys the French navy in the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon's army is cut off from supplies and communication.

Napoleonic era

1799
  • August 23: Receiving news of turmoil in France, Napoleon relinquishes command in Egypt and returns to Paris, a so-called Coup d’état
  • November 9–10: Coup of Brumaire Napoleon overthrows the Directory.
  • December 12: Napoleon elected First Consul of the Consulate.
1800
1801
1802
  • March 25: Treaty of Amiens.
  • May 1: Napoleon restructures French educational system
  • May 19: Legion of Honour established
  • August 2: New constitution adopted, plebiscite confirms Napoleon as First Consul for life
1804
  • March 21: Introduction of the Civil Code (also known as Code Napoleon)
  • May: Napoleon proclaimed Emperor by the Senate.
  • December 2: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor, in the company of the Pope.
1805
Admiral Lord Nelson Killed.
1806
  • March 30: Napoleon names his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, king of Naples, and appoints other family members to various other posts
  • July 12: Confederation of the Rhine, Napoleon as ‘protector’. Initially had 16 member states, later others added, including kingdoms of Saxony and Westphalia
  • Holy Roman Empire abolished
  • September 15: Prussia joins Britain and Russia against Napoleon
  • October 14: Battle of Jena
  • October 14: Battle of Auerstadt.
  • November 21: The Berlin Decree (1806), which initiated the Continental System was issued.
1807
1808
  • March 17: Imperial University established
  • May 2: Spanish people rise up against France. Often referred to as Dos de Mayo Uprising.
  • July 7: Joseph crowned King of Spain, after Portugal revolts against the Continental System/Blockade Napoleon had put in place. Napoleon collected 5 armies to advance into Portugal and 'bullied' the Spanish royal family into resigning.
  • Peninsular War
1809
1811
  • March 20: Napoleon's son born, referred to as the "King of Rome"
1812
  • July 22: Battle of Salamanca
  • August 4–6: Battle of Smolensk.
  • September 1: Moscow evacuated.
  • September 7, 1812: Battle of Borodino.
  • September 14: Napoleon arrives in Moscow to find the city abandoned and set alight by the inhabitants; retreating in the midst of a frigid winter, the army suffers great losses.
  • October 19: Beginning of the Great Retreat.
  • October 24: Battle of Maloyaroslavets.
  • November: Crossing of the River Berezina.
  • December: Grande Armée expelled from Russia.
1813
1814
  • February 10–14: Six Days Campaign.
  • March 30–31: Battle of Paris.
  • April 4: Napoleon abdicates his rule and Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, is restored to the French throne
  • April 11: Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) Napoleon agrees to exile in Elba, the allies agree to pay his family a pension.
  • May 4: Napoleon is exiled to Elba; his wife and son take refuge in Vienna
1815
Main: Hundred Days: Timeline
see also:Diplomatic timeline for 1815
  • February 20: Napoleon escapes from Elba.
  • March 20: Napoleon arrives in Paris.
Beginning of the Hundred Days
1821
  • May 5: Napoleon dies

References

  • Jack Allen Meyer (1987). An Annotated Bibliography of the Napoleonic Era: Recent Publications, 1945-1985 ISBN 0-313-24901-6

Further reading

  • William Leonard Langer & Peter N. Stearns. The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically, Edition: 6, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001 ISBN 0-395-65237-5, ISBN 978-0-395-65237-4 Chapter "The Napoleonic Period, 1799-1815", pp. 435–441
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