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|binomial_authority = [[Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer|E.Mey.]]
|binomial_authority = [[Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer|E.Mey.]]
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'''''Juncus patens''''' is a species of [[Juncus|rush]], known by the common names '''spreading rush''' and '''California grey rush'''. <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000165 Flora of North America: ''Juncus patens'']</ref>
'''''Juncus patens''''' is a species of [[Juncus|rush]] known by the common name '''spreading rush'''. It is native to the western United States from [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] to [[California]], and its range may extend into Mexico. It grows in [[marsh]]es and other wet areas. This is a perennial herb forming narrow, erect bunches of stems. The stems are thin, gray-green, often somewhat waxy, and grooved, and grow 30 to 90 centimeters in maximum height. The [[inflorescence]] sprouts from the side of the stem rather than its tip. It holds many flowers, each of which has short, narrow, pointed [[tepal]]s and six [[stamen]]s. The fruit is a spherical red or brown capsule which fills and bulges from the dried flower remnants when mature.

It is native to the [[West Coast of the United States]] from [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] to [[California]], and into [[Baja California]], Mexico.<ref>[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=JUPA2 USDA]</ref>

It grows at [[seep]]s, [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]s, and [[riparian zone]]s in stream beds and on river and pond banks, in [[marsh]]es, and in other moist [[habitat]]s. <ref name=eol>[http://www.eol.org/pages/631134 Encyclopedia of Life: ''Juncus patens'']; C.Michael Hogan ed. 2010.</ref>

==Description==
''Juncus patens'' is a perennial herb forming narrow, erect bunches of stems. It grows up to {{convert|3|ft|m}} in height by {{convert|1|-|2|ft|m}} in width. <ref name=eol/> <ref name=pilitas>[http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/juncus-patens Las Pilitas Database: ''Juncus patens'' (Common Rush)]</ref> It spreads by [[rhizome]]s, which can increase a colonies width substantially.

The stems are thin, gray-green, often somewhat waxy, and grooved, and grow {{convert|30|-|90|cm|in}} in height.

The [[inflorescence]] sprouts from the side of the stem, rather than its tip. It holds many flowers, each of which has short, narrow, pointed [[tepal]]s and six [[stamen]]s. It flowers in the summer.

The fruit is a spherical red or brown capsule which fills and bulges from the dried flower remnants when mature. The seeds attract birds.

==Cultivation==
''Juncus patens'' is cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]], for use in traditional and [[wildlife garden]]s, and in [[natural landscaping]] design, and in [[habitat restoration]] projects. <ref>[http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Juncus_patens California Natives Wiki: ''Juncus patens''] — Theodore Paune Foundation horticulture database.</ref> <ref>[http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=892 San Marcos Growers database: ''Juncus patens'' homepage]</ref> Its tall narrow form fits into narrow garden beds and planters adjacent to walkway walls, and in container planting. <ref>Harlow, Nora and Kristin Jakob; ''Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses: Gardening with California Monocots''; Berkely and Los Angeles, CA; University of California Press; 2003.</ref> Despite its moist habitat origins, it can be very [[xeriscaping|drought-tolerant]] when established. <ref name=pilitas/> <ref>Bornstein, Carol, David Fross, and Bart O'Brien; ''California Native Plants for the Garden''; Los Olivos, CA; Cachuma Press; 2005.</ref>

In [[sustainable gardening]] and [[sustainable landscaping]], ''Juncus patens'' is used in [[rain garden]]s and [[phytoremediation]] swales and intermittent ponds.

===Cultivars===
[[Cultivar]]s of ''Juncus patens'', selected for blue and/or gray foliage emphasis, include:
*''Juncus patens'' 'Carman's Grey' — Carmen's California Gray Rush, steely blue-gray. <ref>[http://www.boethingtreeland.com/juncus-patens-carmen-s-gray.html Boething Treeland Farms: ''Juncus patens'' 'Carmen's Gray']</ref>
*''Juncus patens'' 'Elk Blue' — Elk Blue California Gray Rush, blue-gray. <ref>[https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#safe=off&q=Juncus+patens+garden San Marcos Growers database: Juncus patens 'Elk Blue']</ref>
*''Juncus patens'' 'Occidental Blue' — Occidental Blue California Gray Rush, gray-green. <ref>[http://www.anniesannuals.com/plt_lst/lists/general/lst.gen.asp?prodid=3835 Annies Annuals database: ''Juncus patens'' 'Occidental Blue' (Blue Leaved Rush)]</ref> <ref>[http://www.reddingwatersmart.com/eplant.php?plantnum=194&return=b_aJ Redding Water Smart ''Juncus patens'' 'Occidental Blue']</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* C.Michael Hogan ed. 2010. [http://www.eol.org/pages/631134 ''Juncus patens''. Encyclopedia of Life]
⚫
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8238,8239,8296 Jepson Manual Treatment]
⚫
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=JUPA2 USDA Plants Profile]


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8238,8239,8296 Jepson Manual Treatment of '''Juncus patens'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000165 Flora of North America]
⚫
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=JUPA2 USDA Plants Profile for '''Juncus patens'' (spreading rush)]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Juncus+patens Photo gallery]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Juncus+patens ''Juncus patens'' — U.C. Photo gallery]

{{commonscat|position=left}}


[[Category:Juncus|patens]]
[[Category:Juncus|patens]]
[[Category:Flora of California]]
[[Category:Flora of California]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Baja California]]
[[Category:Flora of Oregon]]
[[Category:Flora of Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands]]
[[Category:Flora of the Klamath Mountains]]
[[Category:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]]
[[Category:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Channel Islands of California]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges]]
[[Category:Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Transverse Ranges]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1823]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1823]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant plants]]




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Revision as of 02:48, 2 December 2014

Juncus patens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
(unranked):
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Juncaceae
Genus:
Juncus
Species:
J. patens
Binomial name
Juncus patens

Juncus patens is a species of rush, known by the common names spreading rush and California grey rush. [1]

It is native to the West Coast of the United States from Washington to California, and into Baja California, Mexico.[2]

It grows at seeps, springs, and riparian zones in stream beds and on river and pond banks, in marshes, and in other moist habitats. [3]

Description

Juncus patens is a perennial herb forming narrow, erect bunches of stems. It grows up to 3 feet (0.91 m) in height by 1–2 feet (0.30–0.61 m) in width. [3] [4] It spreads by rhizomes, which can increase a colonies width substantially.

The stems are thin, gray-green, often somewhat waxy, and grooved, and grow 30–90 centimetres (12–35 in) in height.

The inflorescence sprouts from the side of the stem, rather than its tip. It holds many flowers, each of which has short, narrow, pointed tepals and six stamens. It flowers in the summer.

The fruit is a spherical red or brown capsule which fills and bulges from the dried flower remnants when mature. The seeds attract birds.

Cultivation

Juncus patens is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for use in traditional and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping design, and in habitat restoration projects. [5] [6] Its tall narrow form fits into narrow garden beds and planters adjacent to walkway walls, and in container planting. [7] Despite its moist habitat origins, it can be very drought-tolerant when established. [4] [8]

In sustainable gardening and sustainable landscaping, Juncus patens is used in rain gardens and phytoremediation swales and intermittent ponds.

Cultivars

Cultivars of Juncus patens, selected for blue and/or gray foliage emphasis, include:

  • Juncus patens 'Carman's Grey' — Carmen's California Gray Rush, steely blue-gray. [9]
  • Juncus patens 'Elk Blue' — Elk Blue California Gray Rush, blue-gray. [10]
  • Juncus patens 'Occidental Blue' — Occidental Blue California Gray Rush, gray-green. [11] [12]

References

  1. ^ Flora of North America: Juncus patens
  2. ^ USDA
  3. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Life: Juncus patens; C.Michael Hogan ed. 2010.
  4. ^ a b Las Pilitas Database: Juncus patens (Common Rush)
  5. ^ California Natives Wiki: Juncus patens — Theodore Paune Foundation horticulture database.
  6. ^ San Marcos Growers database: Juncus patens homepage
  7. ^ Harlow, Nora and Kristin Jakob; Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses: Gardening with California Monocots; Berkely and Los Angeles, CA; University of California Press; 2003.
  8. ^ Bornstein, Carol, David Fross, and Bart O'Brien; California Native Plants for the Garden; Los Olivos, CA; Cachuma Press; 2005.
  9. ^ Boething Treeland Farms: Juncus patens 'Carmen's Gray'
  10. ^ San Marcos Growers database: Juncus patens 'Elk Blue'
  11. ^ Annies Annuals database: Juncus patens 'Occidental Blue' (Blue Leaved Rush)
  12. ^ Redding Water Smart Juncus patens 'Occidental Blue'
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