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[[File:Kokuchukai Headquaters.JPG|thumb|Kokuchūkai Headquarters]]
[[File:Kokuchukai Headquaters.JPG|thumb|Kokuchūkai Headquarters]]
The {{nihongo|'''Kokuchūkai'''|国柱会||extra="Pillar of the Nation Society"}} is a lay-oriented [[Nichirenism|Nichirenist]] organisation.<ref name=Britannica>''Britannica Kokusai Dai-hyakkajiten'' article "Kokuchūkai". 2007. Britannica Japan Co.</ref> It was founded by [[Tanaka Chigaku]] in 1880 as {{nihongo|'''Rengekai'''|蓮華会||extra="Lotus Blossom Society"}} and renamed {{nihongo|'''Risshō Ankokukai'''|立正安国会}} in 1884 before adopting its current name in 1914.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name=Montgomery>{{cite book|last1=Montgomery|first1=Daniel B.|title=Fire in the lotus : the dynamic Buddhism of Nichiren|date=1991|publisher=Mandala|location=London|isbn=978-1852740917|pages=217–8}}</ref><ref name="Otani 115">Eiichi Ōtani, [https://publications.nichibun.ac.jp/region/d/NSH/series/kosh/2012-03-16/s001/s016/pdf/article.pdf ''Ajia no Bukkyō-nashonarizumu no Hikaku-bunseki''] ("A Comparative Analysis of Buddhist Nationalism in Asia"). [[International Research Center for Japanese Studies]]. p 115</ref><ref name=Stone>{{cite book|authorlink1=By Imperial Edict and Shogunal Decree: politics and the issue of the ordination platform in modern lay Nichiren Buddhism|title=Buddhism in the modern world : adaptations of an ancient tradition|date=2003|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=978-0195146974|edition=[Reprint.].|url=http://www.princeton.edu/~jstone/Articles%20on%20the%20Lotus%20Sutra%20Tendai%20and%20Nichiren%20Buddhism/%27By%20Imperial%20Edict%20and%20Shogunal%20Decree%27%20-%20Politics%20and%20the%20Iss.pdf}}</ref>
The {{nihongo|'''Kokuchūkai'''|国柱会||extra="Pillar of the Nation Society"}} is a lay-oriented [[Nichirenism|Nichirenist]] organisation.<ref name=Britannica>''Britannica Kokusai Dai-hyakkajiten'' article "Kokuchūkai". 2007. Britannica Japan Co.</ref> It was founded by [[Tanaka Chigaku]] in 1880 as {{nihongo|'''Rengekai'''|蓮華会||extra="Lotus Blossom Society"}} and renamed {{nihongo|'''Risshō Ankokukai'''|立正安国会}} in 1884 before adopting its current name in 1914.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name="Otani 115">Eiichi Ōtani, [https://publications.nichibun.ac.jp/region/d/NSH/series/kosh/2012-03-16/s001/s016/pdf/article.pdf ''Ajia no Bukkyō-nashonarizumu no Hikaku-bunseki''] ("A Comparative Analysis of Buddhist Nationalism in Asia"). [[International Research Center for Japanese Studies]]. p 115</ref>


Originally based in [[Yokohama]], the group shifted its head office to [[Tokyo]], [[Kyoto]]-[[Osaka]], [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] and [[Miho no Matsubara|Miho]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] before finally moving back to Tokyo.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name=Stone />
Originally based in [[Yokohama]], the group shifted its head office to [[Tokyo]], [[Kyoto]]-[[Osaka]], [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] and [[Miho no Matsubara|Miho]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] before finally moving back to Tokyo.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name=Stone>Jacqueline I. Stone, [http://www.princeton.edu/~jstone/Articles%20on%20the%20Lotus%20Sutra%20Tendai%20and%20Nichiren%20Buddhism/%27By%20Imperial%20Edict%20and%20Shogunal%20Decree%27%20-%20Politics%20and%20the%20Iss.pdf "By Imperial Edict and Shogunal Decree: politics and the issue of the ordination platform in modern lay Nichiren Buddhism"]. IN: Steven Heine; Charles S. Prebish (ed.) ''Buddhism in the Modern World''. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0195146972. pp 197-198.</ref>


==Teachings==
==Teachings==

Revision as of 11:26, 31 July 2015

Kokuchūkai Headquarters

The Kokuchūkai (国柱会, "Pillar of the Nation Society") is a lay-oriented Nichirenist organisation.[1] It was founded by Tanaka Chigaku in 1880 as Rengekai (蓮華会, "Lotus Blossom Society") and renamed Risshō Ankokukai (立正安国会) in 1884 before adopting its current name in 1914.[1][2]

Originally based in Yokohama, the group shifted its head office to Tokyo, Kyoto-Osaka, Kamakura and Miho, Shizuoka Prefecture before finally moving back to Tokyo.[1][3]

Teachings

Among the group's principal teachings are to return to the teachings of the founder of Nichiren Buddhism, the 13th-century monk Nichiren and unite the various sects of Nichiren Buddhism.[1]

The organisation is mentioned as an example of how Nichiren's teachings were interpreted in a nationalistic fashion, also referred to as Nichirenism, and is said to have influenced Nichiren-based Japanese new religions in terms of propagation."His style of lay organization appears to have influenced modern Nichiren Buddhist new religions. He made innovative use of print media to disseminate his message."[3][4][5][6]

The group's teachings are characterized by strong Nichirenism and the essentialist notion of Kokutai.[1][7]

"At that time [when the kaidan is established] – being exhaustively interpreted in concern with our holy founder Nichiren, who in his own person manifested the original Buddha Sākaymuni and the original Dharma of the Lotus Sūtra – the sacred plan of the divine ancestors of great Japan, her wondrous and unsurpassed national essence [kokutai] and her imperial house."[3]

The group's sacred text is the Lotus Sutra[1] and their main object of reverence is the Sado Shigen Myō Mandara (佐渡始原妙曼荼羅), a mandala supposedly made by Nichiren on Sado, Niigata.[1][8]

Membership

At its height in 1924, the group's membership was estimated at over 7000.[3] The literary figures Takayama Chogyū and Kenji Miyazawa[9] were members of the Kokuchūkai for a time. The group's official website continues to claim them,[10][11] but are said to have ultimately rejected Tanaka's nationalistic views.[3]

Publications

The group's publications include the monthly magazines Nichiren-shugi (日蓮主義, "Nichirenism") and Shin-sekai (真世界, "True World").[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica Kokusai Dai-hyakkajiten article "Kokuchūkai". 2007. Britannica Japan Co.
  2. ^ Eiichi Ōtani, Ajia no Bukkyō-nashonarizumu no Hikaku-bunseki ("A Comparative Analysis of Buddhist Nationalism in Asia"). International Research Center for Japanese Studies. p 115
  3. ^ a b c d e Jacqueline I. Stone, "By Imperial Edict and Shogunal Decree: politics and the issue of the ordination platform in modern lay Nichiren Buddhism". IN: Steven Heine; Charles S. Prebish (ed.) Buddhism in the Modern World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0195146972. pp 197-198.
  4. ^ Catherine Wessinger, Millennialism, Persecution, and Violence: Historical Cases (Religion and Politics), 2000, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0815605997, page 269 [1]
  5. ^ Jun'ichi Isomae, Religious Discourse in Modern Japan Religion, State, and Shint (Dynamics in the History of Religions), Brill Academic Pub, June 2014, ISBN 978-9004272613, Page 189 [2]
  6. ^ Steven M. Emmanuel, A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy), John Wiley & Sons, March 2013, ISBN 978-0470658772 [3]
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Montgomery was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Risshō Ankoku no jitsugen e on the Kokuchūkai's official website.
  9. ^ Keene, Donald (1999), A History of Japanese Literature: Volume 4: Dawn to the West &mdash Japanese Literature of the Modern Era (Poetry, Drama, Criticism), New York: Columbia University Press, p. 285, ISBN 978-0-2311-1439-4.
  10. ^ "Takayama Chogyū" on the Kokuchūkai's official website.
  11. ^ "Kenji Miyazawa" on the Kokuchūkai's official website.


Further reading

  • Marchand Louis. Mystique du panjaponisme. Un " Mein Kampf " nippon. In:Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 1e année, N. 3, 1946. pp. 235–246. (French) [4]
  • Tanaka Chigaku: What is Nippon Kokutai? Introduction to Nipponese National Principles. Shishio Bunka, Tokyo 1935-36
  • Jacqueline I. Stone: By Imperial Edict and Shogunal Decree: politics and the issue of the ordination platform in modern lay Nichiren Buddhism, Steven Heine; Charles S. Prebish (ed.); Buddhism in the Modern World, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0195146972, [5]
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