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Hallvard Bakke pointing out the impartiality of the judge who rejected the 2015 petition without opinions from the other commission members
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On 20 June 2015 the leader of the [[Criminal Cases Review Commission (Norway)|''KGS'']], Helen Sæter said that the commission "will handle the petition from Torgersen as planned, even though Torgersen now is dead".<ref>[http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/verden-vil-takke-ham-1.368158 – Verden vil takke ham]</ref>
On 20 June 2015 the leader of the [[Criminal Cases Review Commission (Norway)|''KGS'']], Helen Sæter said that the commission "will handle the petition from Torgersen as planned, even though Torgersen now is dead".<ref>[http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/verden-vil-takke-ham-1.368158 – Verden vil takke ham]</ref>

====Rejection of petition====
"In the last decision, the chief of the commission [[Helen Sæter]] writes that no issues have been raised that make it doubtful that the verdict from 1958 is correct. Sæter is so sure about this, that she as chief has made the decision on her own, as the penal code allows when it is "obvious" that a petition for resumption of proceedings, can not succeed. Sæter has as a member of the commission, previously participated in a previous petition from Torgersen. She was therefore not impartial - according to all usual rules - to make the decision this time. Not surprisingly, she agreed with herself", said [[Hallvard Bakke]], a former Cabinet member. <ref>{{cite news|author1=[[Hallvard Bakke]]|title=Har vi en rettsstat?|publisher=Klassekampen|date=2015-09-25|page=3}}</ref>


==Reactions to the Torgersen Case==
==Reactions to the Torgersen Case==

Revision as of 07:37, 25 September 2015

Fredrik Fasting Torgersen in the centre of a police lineup

Fredrik Ludvig Fasting Torgersen (1 October 1934 – 18 June 2015) was a Norwegian man who was convicted of murder in 1958.[1]

In 2013 Bjørg Njaa, a magister and daughter of a judge in the 1958 trial (at which Bjørg was a spectator), said that her father was prejudiced against Torgersen even before being assigned to the trial.[2][3]

In 2014 he was denied access to official recordings of then leader of the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine, Bjørnar Olaisen, answering to Criminal Cases Review Commission, or KGS.[4][5]

The results of a poll by Verdens Gang [while he was alive], said that 80% of the population of Norway wanted a retrial for him.[6]

He became a Norwegian Champion of weightlifting.[6]

Early life

He grew up at Lille Tøyen in Oslo.[7]

He was selected for the youth national team in football.[8] In 1957 he was eliminated from the Norwegian boxing championship one day before the finals.[9]

Arrest as a murder suspect

On 7 December 1957,[10] 16-year-old girl Rigmor Johnsen was raped and murdered in Oslo, in building "Skippergaten 6 b".[6] (A half hour earlier, 600 meters away at Railway Square (Jernbanetorget), Torgersen was wrongfully[6] arrested for bicycle theft.[10]) With several prior convictions for misdemeanors,[citation needed] Torgersen was re-arrested and charged with the crime.

Three days after the murder, Torgersen's photo was in newspapers.[11]

Pre-trial investigation

Conifer needle leaves.

During a [police] search of Torgersen's home, "the so-called Conifer Needle Leaves Evidence (...) [was found in a suit and consisted of] five conifer needle leaves (from a fir tree) in the left trouser cuff, one in the right trouser cuff and one in the inner pocket", Dagsavisen said.[12]

The 1958 trial

The "expert witness in 1958 said that the bite mark [found on one of the breasts of the victim] with full certainty pointed to Torgersen as the murderer. - The other evidence in the case dealt with conifer needle leaves, excrement" and a police lineup, Aftenposten said in 2013.[13]

During the trial, expert witnesses claimed that the conifer needles on the [discarded] christmas tree at the crime scene, were of a rather particular type, and that they matched the finds in Torgersen's suit", Dagsavisen said.[14]

"One man followed after Johnsen [the victim] on the evening of the murder. The only witness who had seen the face of this man, was completely sure that it was not Torgersen".[15]

Torgersen claimed in his 2014 book that the psychiatrist expert witness [of the prosecution] used against him, that Torgersen writes poetry: The expert witness said that "He writes [what is] closest [to] prose poetry, without meaning and rhyme".[8]

On 16 June 1958, Torgersen was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Torgersen went on to serve 16 years before being released from prison in 1974.

Reactions

There were reactions to the trial. In 1999, a book by Camilla Juell Eide and Erling Moss said that the authorities withheld documents from Torgersen - including police documentation of interrogations of co-workers of Torgersen's alibi-witness Gerd, that states that Gerd had met Torgersen on the evening of the murder, in the manner that Torgersen stated [to the police].[16][17]

Mode Steinkjer, Culture Editor of Dagsavisen, said "That the police put two and two together when Rigmor Johnsen was found, no longer gives the obvious answer that [was given by] the detectives and the prosecuting authority thru Lauritz Dorenfeldt" (...) The once crucial testimony of Ørnulf Bergersen, a habitual criminal [that was] declared [as] "imbecile neurotic", «debil psykopat» and "drug-addicted alcoholic", is a responsibility that should be assigned to the domineering [by] Dorenfeldt. On a human level it is easy to understand Torgersen's "tiger leap" in the courtroom, towards the crown witness, that resulted in [Torgersen being put in] handcuffs and leg irons [for the rest of the trial].[6]

On 20 June 2015 Fredrik Heffermehl, a jurist, said "The case is very simple: There is no evidence pointing to him, but a lot that points away from him - in [a] decisive manner.[10]

Public figures have claimed that Torgersen is innocent including Ebba Haslund,[18] professor of jurisprudence Ståle Eskeland and professor of medicine Per Brandtzæg.[19]

Calls for resumption of proceedings

In 1958 he petitioned for resumption of proceedings, in connection with his appeal to the Supreme Court; the petition was laid to rest, without being realitetsbehandlet.[20]

His calls for resumption of proceedings were denied by the Supreme Court of Norway in 1976[21] and 2001.[21] Erling Staff represented Torgersen for the petition that was rejected [in 1976].[22]

After the 2001 rejection by the supreme court

"In 2006 new expert witnesses concluded that both the conifer needle leaves on the Christmas tree [at the crime scene] and the needle leaves on Torgersen's suit were of a quite common type, that could have originated from nearly any" fir tree in Norway, Dagsavisen said.[23]

On 8 December 2006 his petition for resumption of proceedings was denied by KGS, as represented[24] by Janne Kristiansen, Helen Sæter, Vidar Stensland, Svein Magnussen, Øystein Mæland.[21][25][26]

After the 2006 rejection by KGS

The leader of KGS, Janne Kristiansen, said to TV2 that "Science can say whatever it wants". [27]

An article was written by Johan Dragvoll, a researcher at Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies at University of Bergen, about the 2006 rejection of petition: Dragvoll says that the verdict by KGS "is in practice a rhetorical magic book, full of linguistic magic formulas and hocus pocus terms. Amongst the magic formulas in this magic book is also the art of appearing objective , when one actually is subjective (...) The decision is a failure as a novel, but successful as melodramatic piece".[28] Furthermore, the verdict employs circular reasoning, maiora ex minoribus,[29] amplificatio,[30] euphemisms.[31] Furthermore, "The three central signs of the Torgersen Case (...) should be placed in (...) category, semeion (...)".[32] Furthermore, the conclusion of KGS "is Contradictio in adjecto to the premises".[33] Furthermore, the text of the verdict is arranged in ordo artificialis.[34] Furthermore, part of the verdict, to paraphrase Jacques Derrida, is "deconstruction in practice".[35] Furthermore, "The analogy to a safety valve is false".[36] Furthermore, in the real-life drama of the case, peripeteia has occurred.[37]

On 17 July 2007 a renewed call for resumption of proceedings was sent [to the authorities] by Erling Moss, while claiming that the members of the KGS had a conflict of interest - necessitating that all members be recused.[38] The question of conflict of interest was based on KGS having "admitted mistakes in the first rejection of 2006".[21]

In the spring of 2008, in a letter to Minister of Justice Knut Storberget, 279[39] experts within medicine, odontology, physics, chemistry and other sciences, questioned the evaluation of evidence in courts and requested a review of the use of science in courts to avoid miscarriage of justice.[40]

In December 2008, on the basis of claims of grave errors in fact and judgment by KGS, media said that KGS would start a new review of the case in 2009.[21]

After the 2010 rejection by KGS

In 2010 KGS decided to reject the petition.[41] In 2013 Torgersen's lawyer (Jan Tennøe) said that "The commission's rejection in 2010 is not an improvement since this commission consisting of five different members, has referred and used the reasoning from [the review of] 2006 as the foundation for its decision."[41]

The conclusions of KGS (including the one of 2010) says that "the technical evidence still speaks heavily for the guilt of Fredrik Fasting Torgersen. This led to a letter-of-worry to the minister of justice—from 270 researchers within [the fields of] natural sciences and medicine", according to Professor Kristian Gundersen.[42]

After the 2014 decision allowing a retrial relating to the appellate court verdict of 1958

In 2014 Verdens Gang reported that Borgarting appellate court unanimously voided a verdict of the Oslo District Court, after Torgersen sued the government and the KGS.[43] The decision by the appellate court says that Torgersen and his lawyer can retry the 16 June 1958 verdict of the appellate court; the [Criminal Cases Review] Commission's declining—in 2006 and 2010—has been declared invalid (by the appellate court)", according to Dagsavisen.[43] (Mode Steinkjer, Culture Editor of Dagsavisen, says that "The report from former førstelagmann Niels Erik Lie at Borgarting Court of Appeals, the analysis by lawyer Jan Tennøe that led to the setting aside of the verdict of the lower court - makes way for resumption of proceedings; and decades of work put in by professor Ståle Eskeland and others, has crushed the evidence, the trial and the verdict from 1958".[6])

2015 petiton for resumption of proceedings

In the week prior to 20 June 2015, calls for resumption of proceedings were presented - for the sixth time.[38][44] Cato Schiøtz and Pål W. Lorentzen (from separate [law] firms)[10] "say that they have new analyses and new evidence".[38][44]

On 20 June 2015 the leader of the KGS, Helen Sæter said that the commission "will handle the petition from Torgersen as planned, even though Torgersen now is dead".[45]

Rejection of petition

"In the last decision, the chief of the commission Helen Sæter writes that no issues have been raised that make it doubtful that the verdict from 1958 is correct. Sæter is so sure about this, that she as chief has made the decision on her own, as the penal code allows when it is "obvious" that a petition for resumption of proceedings, can not succeed. Sæter has as a member of the commission, previously participated in a previous petition from Torgersen. She was therefore not impartial - according to all usual rules - to make the decision this time. Not surprisingly, she agreed with herself", said Hallvard Bakke, a former Cabinet member. [46]

Reactions to the Torgersen Case

In 1971, members of theatre pedagogy group "Musidra" read a newspaper report about a prisoner who was accused of using a knife to slash a prison officer in the face and tying him with rope.[47] Members of the group went to see the court proceedings.[48] Torgersen represented himself in court, while unable to stand straight because of restraints linking his wrists to his ankles.[49] A police man in a "war outfit" was in charge of a police dog in the court room, according to group member Helge Reistad.[50] The visit to court led to the formation of the so-called Torgersen Committee which sent a letter to each MP, leading to the Torgersen Case being discussed in hearings in Norway's parliament.[51] (The Torgersen Committee consisted of Peder Furubotten, Erna Nystein, Jens Bjørneboe, Sverre Wold and Helge Reistad.[52] The drama group "Musidra" had previously contacted Jens Bjørneboe to improve their play about Torgersen.[53] A synopsis for the play was accepted by Opplysningsavdelingen at NRK, but the Legal Affairs Section at NRK later stopped NRK's involvement.[54])

Jens Bjørneboe and Michael Grundt Spang locked horns over the case.[55]

In 1992 Camilla Juell Eide became acquainted with the Torgersen Case; she published an article about the case in Stud. jur [a periodical published by law students at the University of Oslo].[56] Lawyers Magne Jetne and Holm Carlsen read the article and worked towards having the case retried.[57]

Eide and Erling Moss later published a book about the case.[58]

On 20 June 2015 a former [judge,] førstelagmann Niels Erik Lie at Borgarting Court of Appeal, says that "the case ought to lead to more faglig debate (or debate within occupational disciplines) and reflection regarding mistakes made in the justice system" [in general].[59] "But it is unfortunate that when mistakes are made, then the prosecuting authority tend to move into the trenches. I hope that this case contributes to reflections about meeting new objections with more of an open mind, and that more [people] will open up to [the possibility] that they [or one] might have made mistake[s], says Lie".[60]

Three [incumbent] justice ministers came to Torgersen's prison cell saying that they wanted him to accept an offer of clemency; Torgersen did not go along, since he claimed - that would be an admission of guilt, said an article in Dagens Næringsliv.

Developments not pertaining to calls for resumption of proceedings

On 1 October 2014, on his 80th birthday, the festschrift Festskrift til Fredrik Fasting Torgersen was scheduled to be released, with articles by Karsten Alnæs, Rune Ottosen, Jan Erik Vold, Per Brandtzæg, Gunnar Nerdrum, Camilla Juell Eide, Nils Erik Lie, Ståle Eskeland, Peter Normann Waage, Jan Tennøe, Thorvald Steen, and older articles by Jens Bjørneboe and André Bjerke.[61]

In November 2014 media said that the prosecuting authority kept evidence for nine years, and the "National Archives had to nag [the office of] Statsadvokaten two times, in an effort to have the original evidence returned ".[62]

Books that he wrote

He wrote a collection of poetry in 1972.[63]

  • Hvis himmelen; the book has poems and photographs from the skyggeside ["shadow side"] of Oslo.[25][63]
  • His last book was published in April 2014.[63]

He was a member of Forfatterforeininga.[55]

Personal life

In 1974 he was released from prison,[10] (after serving 16 years in prison before being released; he has continuously claimed his innocence).[25] He owned and operated a gym for five years. [64]

He worked as a journalist for Aktuell Rapport.

After release from prison he continued with sports - as a member of Lyn. [65]

He was often seen at [the public house] "Galgeberg Corner - with crossword- and chess puzzles,[6] or when he fed pigeons".[55]

During his last years he lived at Galgeberg near Kværnerdalen - in Oslo.[66]

Death

Torgersen died on 18 June 2015, a week after his sixth call for a resumption of his case.[67] At the time of his death, he was hospitalized with cancer.[68] On 2 July 2015 a memorial service was held at Vålerenga Church, before he was cremated.[69][70] Attendees at the service included Arne Treholt.[71] Fredrik S. Heffermehl held a speech in the church on behalf of the Torgersen Group; the speech was published in Dagsavisen.[72] The casket bearers included [former] judge[73] Nils Erik Lie.

Reactions

There were reactions to his death. A Dagsavisen article said "That more and more [people] are sure that he was innocent [when] convicted, contributes to making visible marekatten [, the "mare creature" of] of Norwegian justice history: The Torgersen case is a likely travesty of justice that can shock the Norwegian justice system and throw the names of honorable justice officials into disrepute".[6]

Nils Erik Lie, a former førstelagmann at Borgarting Court of Appeal, "has been responsible for the work on important investigations - first and foremost of technical evidence", said "Torgersen will now not experience what must become the result of this last call for resumption of proceedings, namely resumption" (...) It's about a destroyed life. He sat a long time in prison, at first under tough conditions - two years and seven months in solitary confinement (...) What is also an important relevant perspective, is that he has not been only concerned about himself, but about rettssikkerhet (or "justice safety") in a wider context.[38]

Mode Steinkjer (editor) says that "The poet, painter, animal- and bird lover stood as a contrast to the man who, in the press and by word of mouth, was scandalized".[6]

Torgersens nephew, Frode Fasting Torgersen said [about the verdict] "The wrong that was committed, shall be rectified. All prestige must be set aside, rettssikkerhet (or "justice safety") - will prevail.[38]

On 26 June 2015 Dagsavisen published a poem by Jan Erik Vold, titled "three verses in memory of Fredrik Fasting Torgersen (1934-2015)".[74]

On 3 July 2015 Aftenposten's editorial board published its name at the top of a eulogy, signed by four members of and on behalf of the Torgersen [support] Group: Ståle Eskeland, Per Brandtzæg, Fredrik S. Heffermehl, Thorvald Steen.[75]

In popular culture

The case was the subject of a play by author Jens Bjørneboe (Tilfellet Torgersen, 'The Torgersen Case').[76]

Literature

  • "Rettssikkerhet og fordommer"[77] by Per Brandtzæg (Newspaper article)
  • Tennøe, Jan (2014-03-12). "Dreier seg om vår rettssikkerhet". Aftenposten. p. 7. [It is about our rule of law]

See also

External links

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torgersen-saken.
  1. ^ Fredrik S. Heffermehl. "Opinion: Torgersen Has Died, but His Case Won't Lie Down". Inter Press Service. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  2. ^ En dag i retten, et avhør hos Gjenopptakelseskommisjonen
  3. ^ Torgersens testamente
  4. ^ Fasting får ikke utlevert lydbånd [Fasting will not receive audio tape]
  5. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fredrik Fasting Torgersen – 1934-2015
  7. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  8. ^ a b Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død. Før han døde ga han ut en bok med dikt og egne fotografier.
  9. ^ Torgersens tro
  10. ^ a b c d e "Et liv i kamp er over". Klassekampen. 2015-06-20. p. ?.
  11. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  12. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  13. ^ "Rettsprosessen gjennom 55 år: Kampen for Torgersen fortsetter. "Les dette og bli overbevist om at Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er utsatt for justismord", skriver hans prosessfullmektig i denne omfattende gjennomgangen av saken. [The court process thru 55 years: The fight for Torgersen continues. " Read this and become convinced that Fredrik Fasting Torgersen is a victim of a travesty of justice", his lawyer writes in this omfattende gjennomgang of the case]". Aftenposten. 2013-07-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  14. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  15. ^ Hallvard Bakke (2015-09-25). "Har vi en rettsstat?". Klassekampen. p. 3.
  16. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.5
  17. ^ Camilla Juell Eide and Erling Moss, ”…aldri mer slippes løs…”, 1999, Oslo: Pax, s. 285-302.
  18. ^ Steinkjer, Mode (13 July 2009). "Et hjertens engasjement". Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  19. ^ Matre, Jostein (8 December 2006). "Vitenskapsmenn raser mot kommisjonen". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  20. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  21. ^ a b c d e "Ny vurdering av Torgersen-saken". NRK. 7 December 2008.
  22. ^ Vernet mot justismord
  23. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  24. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata
  25. ^ a b c Berg, Jon Knut (2007). "Torgersen-saken". In Henriksen, Petter (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  26. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata
  27. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  28. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata
  29. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.19
  30. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.13
  31. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.13
  32. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.10
  33. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.8
  34. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.17
  35. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, pp.18-9
  36. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, p.8
  37. ^ Aktstykker fra Teatergata, pp.21
  38. ^ a b c d e Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  39. ^ Skal vurdere Torgersen-saken på nytt
  40. ^ "Brev til justisministeren".
  41. ^ a b Tennøe, Jan (2013-07-04). "Rettsprosessen gjennom 55 år: Kampen for Torgersen fortsetter. "Les dette og bli overbevist om at Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er utsatt for justismord", skriver hans prosessfullmektig i denne omfattende gjennomgangen av saken. [The court process thru 55 years: The fight for Torgersen continues. " Read this and become convinced that Fredrik Fasting Torgersen is a victim of a travesty of justice", his lawyer writes in this comprehensive review of the case]". Aftenposten. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  42. ^ Synsing i retten - denne uken vant Fredrik Fasting Torgersen en første, liten seier. Saken har avslørt en rettstilstand som ikke er til å leve med. [Opining in court - This week Fredrik Fasting Torgersen won a first, small victory. The case has uncovered a state of justice that is unacceptable]
  43. ^ a b Østkantgutter blir også 80 "Nylig meldte VG at Borgarting lagmannsrett enstemmig opphevet en dom fra Oslo tingrett etter at Torgersen gikk til søksmål mot staten og Kommisjonen for gjenopptagelse av straffesaker. Opphevelsen gir Torgersen og hans advokat medhold i at lagmannsrettens fellende dom fra 16. juni 1958 kan prøves på nytt og at kommisjonens avslag fra 2006 og 2010 om ikke å gjenoppta saken kan erklæres som ugyldig."
  44. ^ a b "Fortsetter også etter hans død". Aftenposten. 2015-06-20. p. 14.
  45. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  46. ^ Hallvard Bakke (2015-09-25). "Har vi en rettsstat?". Klassekampen. p. 3.
  47. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  48. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  49. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  50. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  51. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  52. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  53. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  54. ^ Helge Reistad (2015-07-08). "På sitt beste kan politisk teater reise debatt og snu opinionen. Helge Reistad arbeidet med Tilfellet Torgersen. Et skjellsettende teaterstykke". Klassekampen. p. 13.
  55. ^ a b c Alf Skjeseth (2015-06-20). "Kampen er over". Klassekampen.
  56. ^ Vernet mot justismord
  57. ^ Vernet mot justismord
  58. ^ Vernet mot justismord
  59. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  60. ^ – Verden vil takke ham
  61. ^ Østkantgutter blir også 80 [Eastend Boys also turn 80]
  62. ^ Statsadvokaten beholdt Torgersen-bevis i ni år
  63. ^ a b c Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  64. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  65. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  66. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død
  67. ^ "Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 19 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  68. ^ Johansen, Anders Holth (19 June 2015). "Fredrik Fasting Torgersen er død". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  69. ^ Treholt om Torgersen: - Det står stor respekt av hans pågangsmot
  70. ^ – Det er noen som ikke burde komme i begravelsen
  71. ^ Treholt om Torgersen: - Det står stor respekt av hans pågangsmot
  72. ^ «Vi vil kjempe videre»
  73. ^ Vernet mot justismord
  74. ^ Fredrik Fasting Torgersen (1934-2015)
  75. ^ Nekrolog: Fredrik Fasting Torgersen
  76. ^ Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Jens Bjørneboe". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  77. ^ Aftenposten, 2010-12-03,page 5 by Per Brandtzæg).

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