Uniform number (American football): Difference between revisions
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==National Football League== |
==National Football League== |
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{{Main|National Football League uniform numbers}} |
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{{See also|List of National Football League retired numbers}} |
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Since the [[National Football League]] imposed its numbering system in 1973, only three major changes have been made. In 1984 {{citation needed|date=May 2014}}, the NFL allowed defensive linemen and linebackers to wear jersey numbers in the 90–99 range, since more teams were making use of the [[3–4 defense]] and thus were quickly exhausting numbers for linebackers, who previously were only allowed to wear numbers in the 50–59 range. (Before this change, the NFL had outlawed the 90–99 range for regular season use, since it was rarely issued before 1973, but did permit it for the preseason; [[Lawrence Taylor]] wore his college number 98 during his rookie training camp with the Giants in 1981 before switching to his more familiar 56 before the start of the season.) Another change occurred in 2004, when the NFL allowed wide receivers to wear numbers 10–19 in addition to the 80–89 range; this was due to several NFL teams retiring 80-range numbers, as well as teams employing more receivers and tight ends in their offense. Since 2010, defensive linemen are allowed to wear numbers 50-59; this is in part because of the interchangeability of linebackers and defensive ends (a defensive end in a [[4-3 defense]] would be an outside linebacker in a 3-4). In 2015, the NFL Competition Committee approved linebackers using numbers from 40 to 49.<ref>[http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/03/25/nfl-passes-brian-bosworth-rule-linebackers-can-now-wear-jerseys-numbered-40-49/ NFL passes “Brian Bosworth rule,” linebackers can now wear jerseys numbered 40-49] ''[[Profootballtalk.com]]'' (03/25/2015)</ref> |
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The [[National Football League]] numbering system dates from a large scale change of their rules in 1973, subsequently amended in various minor ways. Positions are allocated numbers as in the following table:<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://football.about.com/cs/football101/a/bl_numbersystem.htm Football 101 - Uniform Numbering System<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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The numbering system established by the NFL and in place since 1973:<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://football.about.com/cs/football101/a/bl_numbersystem.htm Football 101 - Uniform Numbering System<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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Exceptions to this system do exist, but must be approved by the NFL in advance. The numbers used relate to the player's primary position - unless it conflicts with the eligible receiver rule, players whose primary position changes during a season, do not need to change their number. |
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Numbers 0 and 00 are no longer used, though they were issued in the NFL before the number standardization in 1973. Running back [[Johnny Olszewski]], nicknamed "Johnny O," wore a single-0 jersey for much of his time in the NFL. Author [[George Plimpton]] famously wore 0 during a brief preseason stint at [[quarterback]] for the [[Detroit Lions]]. [[Jim Otto]] wore number "00" during most of his career with the [[Oakland Raiders]] as a play on his name, "aught-oh." Wide receiver [[Ken Burrough]] of the [[Houston Oilers]] also wore "00" during his NFL career in the 1970s. More recently, linebacker [[Bryan Cox]] wore 0 in the 2001 preseason with New England; for the regular season, he switched to 51. Numbers from 01 to 09, with a leading "0" digit, would theoretically be allowed (and be considered the same as numbers 1 to 9 for record-keeping purposes), but such a number has never been issued in professional football. |
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Although the NFL does allow teams to retire jersey numbers, the league officially discourages the practice for fear of teams running out of numbers. As a result, a few teams do not retire jersey numbers. |
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When the more rigid system went into effect in 1973, players who played in the league before then were given a [[grandfather clause]] to continue wearing newly prohibited numbers (i.e. Otto and Burrough were allowed to keep their 00 jerseys, many [[wide receiver]]s wore jersey numbers in the teens and 20s before the rule changes required receivers to wear numbers in the 80s, and many defensive linemen and linebackers wore numbers in the 80s). [[New England Patriots]] [[defensive end]] [[Julius Adams]] was the last player to be covered by the clause, wearing number 85 through the [[1985 New England Patriots season|1985 season]], but he had to wear number 69 when he briefly came out of retirement in 1987 during the [[1987 NFL strike|1987 strike]]. This was in stark contrast to when the league required linemen to wear jersey numbers in the 50–79 range in 1952 (for ''[[eligible receiver|ineligible receiver]]'' purposes), since [[Cleveland Browns]] [[quarterback]] [[Otto Graham]] wore number 60 prior to this change. Graham switched to number 14, which was retired by the Browns while his more familiar number 60 remains in circulation today, most recently worn by [[guard (American football)|guard]] [[Ryan Miller (American football)|Ryan Miller]] in 2012. |
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It should be noted that this NFL numbering system is based on a player's ''primary'' position. Also, if a player changes primary positions during his career, he does not usually have to change his number unless he changes from an eligible receiver to ineligible or vice versa ([[Jason Peters]] is a notable example, having moved between tight end, where he wore number 86, to offensive tackle, where he currently wears 71). Any player wearing any number may play at almost any position on the field at any time, if the player reports to the official; players wearing numbers 50–79 must let the referee know that they are playing out of position by reporting as an "ineligible number in an eligible position," and likewise, those wearing any other number can report as an "eligible number in an ineligible position" (there are restrictions on the latter case as of the [[2015 NFL season|2015 season]], and eligible numbered players may never in any case line up in a formation position that is ineligible but appears to be eligible, such as a split tackle in a slot position). It is not uncommon for running backs to line up at wide receiver on certain plays, or to have a large lineman play at fullback or tight end in short yardage situations, or to have wide receivers fill in as extra defensive backs. Also, in preseason games, when teams have expanded rosters, players may wear numbers that are outside of the above rules. When the final 53-player roster is established, they are reissued numbers within the above guidelines. |
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The earliest numbering systems were significantly different from the modern variation. Until the 1920s, when the NFL limited its rosters to 22 players, it was rare to see player numbers much higher than 25 ([[Red Grange]] was a notable exception, wearing 77 with the [[Chicago Bears]] while playing [[Halfback (American football)|halfback]], which would not be allowed under current NFL rules), and numbers had little correlation with positions (in 1929, the [[Orange/Newark Tornadoes|Orange Tornadoes]] subverted the system even further, experimenting with using [[Latin alphabet|letters]] instead of numbers.<ref>http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~maxymuk/home/ongoing/orange.html</ref>) |
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The numbering system used today originated in football's past when all teams employed some variation of the [[single wing]] formation on offense. When teams switched to the [[T-formation]] in the 1930s and 1940s, the numbers were taken with them to whatever position evolved from the old single wing position. This numbering system originated in college football and was used only informally in the NFL until 1952; the backs were numbered 1–4 and the line 5–8. Tailbacks, left halfbacks or flankers (1-back), like [[Frank Gifford]], were given 10s. The blocking back (2-back), which evolved into the quarterback in the [[T formation]], had a number in the 20s (e.g. [[Bobby Layne]] and [[John Hadl]], and [[Doug Flutie]] during his [[Boston College Eagles football|college]] career). Fullbacks (or 3-backs) were given numbers in the 30s, and right halfbacks, what would become simply the halfback or running back (4-backs) in the 40s, centers in the 50s, guards in the 60s, tackles in the 70s, and ends in the 80s. Earlier, defensive players wore numbers that reflected their offensive position, as many players played both offense and defense. For example, quarterbacks and halfbacks usually played in the defensive back field and so had numbers in the 10s, 20s, and 40s. Fullbacks were linebackers and had numbers in the 30s; centers and guards were linebackers as well and has numbers in the 50s and 60s respectively. Guards and tackles played the defensive guard and tackle positions and had numbers in the 60s and 70s respectively. Ends had numbers in the 80s. Split ends (e.g. [[Emlen Tunnell]]) would be cornerbacks and tight ends (e.g. [[Fred Dryer]], [[Buck Buchanan]]) would be defensive ends but all would have numbers in the 80s. |
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The [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] had a different numbering system with the ends in the 70s, making wide receivers up until recent times having 70s numbers (CFL Receivers may still wear numbers in the 70s, but as most receivers are from the U.S., they will usually wear 80s if they choose to wear a higher number; CFL receivers may also wear numbers from 1–19). Likewise, centers were usually assigned numbers in the 40s; in modern times, the CFL has required offensive linemen to wear numbers between 50 and 69. |
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The [[All-America Football Conference|AAFC]] had a different numbering system with quarterback in the 60s ([[Otto Graham]]), fullbacks in the 70s ([[Marion Motley]]), halfbacks in the 80s, ends in the 50s ([[Mac Speedie]]), tackles in the 40s ([[Lou Groza]]), guards in the 30s, and centers in the 20s. When the AAFC merged with the NFL in 1950, the AAFC players kept their old uniform numbers which caused confusion and resulted in the NFL going to a standard numbering system in 1952. This resulted in many star players having to change their numbers in mid-career. Examples are [[Otto Graham]] going from 60 to 14, [[Norm Van Brocklin]] going from 25 to 11, and [[Tom Fears]] going from 55 to 80.{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} |
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Players have often asked or challenged the NFL for an exception to the numbering system rule. In 2006, [[New Orleans Saints]] running back [[Reggie Bush]] requested to keep the number 5 he wore in college. His request was declined, and he was assigned number 25 by the team.<ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2455586 ESPN - NFL won't change numbering system for Bush - NFL<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Former [[Seattle Seahawks]] linebacker [[Brian Bosworth]] wore number 44 in college for the [[University of Oklahoma]] and wore that number during the 1987 preseason with the Seahawks. He took the NFL to court for the right to wear #44, but he lost and had to switch to #55. |
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===Exceptions=== |
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Many exceptions to the rules have been granted. The most notable case may be former [[wide receiver]] [[Keyshawn Johnson]], who was allowed to wear number 19 despite available numbers in the 80s (though he had to pay "fines" for the privilege). This, combined with the fact that more NFL teams were retiring 80s numbers, led to the league to allow wide receivers to wear numbers 10–19 in addition to 80s numbers in 2004. |
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Former [[New York Giants]] [[linebacker]] [[Brad Van Pelt]] was allowed to wear number 10 with the team despite not being covered in the grandfather clause, as the team drafted him in 1973, the year the newer jersey number system went into effect. This was because Van Pelt served as the team's backup [[placekicker|kicker]] his rookie season.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bostonherald.com/sports/football/other_nfl/view/2009_02_18_Former_Giants_linebacker_Brad_Van_Pelt_diesFormer |title= Giants linebacker Brad Van Pelt dies |work= Boston Herald |date= February 18, 2009 |accessdate= February 18, 2009}}</ref> Van Pelt did wear number 91 at the end of his career for the [[Oakland Raiders|Los Angeles Raiders]] and [[Cleveland Browns]]. |
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Another Giants player, defensive lineman [[Phil Tabor]], also skirted the numbering requirements by wearing number 80 during his four-year stint (1979–82) with the club. |
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Another former wide receiver, [[Dwight Stone (American football)|Dwight Stone]], was allowed to wear number 20 when he played for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], with whom he spent the majority of his career. Stone did wear 80s numbers after he left the Steelers. Another former Steeler, tight end [[Matt Cushing]], wore number 48, but he was listed as a "tight end/fullback", since he was also the team's backup fullback. Former Steeler and current [[San Diego Chargers|Charger]] [[David Johnson (tight end)|David Johnson]] wears number 88 as a fullback (85 in Pittsburgh) because he is listed as a tight end. |
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In his brief tenure with the [[New England Patriots]], quarterback-to-receiver convert [[Isaiah Stanback]] initially wore No. 9, before switching to 15. |
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A number of current players wear numbers outside the range for their primary position. Former [[Chicago Bears]] wide receiver/[[return specialist]] [[Devin Hester]] wore number 23, which represented the position the team originally drafted him for, [[cornerback]]. Hester was allowed to keep 23 after the team converted him to wide receiver. Hester would later switch to 17 when he signed with the [[Atlanta Falcons]] in 2014, since number 23 was already taken by [[Robert Alford (American football)|Robert Alford]].<ref>http://espn.go.com/blog/atlanta-falcons/post/_/id/4548/hester-will-wear-no-17</ref> |
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[[New England Patriots]] [[defensive end]] [[Rob Ninkovich]] wears number 50, which represents the position the team originally signed him for, [[linebacker]]. He switched to defensive end as the Patriots were switching from a [[3-4 defense]] to a [[4-3 defense]] in 2011. In 2010, the league began to allow defensive linemen to wear numbers in the 50s. |
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Former [[Jacksonville Jaguars]] linebacker [[Aaron Kampman]] wore number 74, which represented the position for which he was drafted, [[defensive end]] (or defensive tackle). Kampman moved to linebacker when his former team, the Green Bay Packers, switched from [[Defensive lineman|4]]–[[Linebacker|3]] defense to a [[Defensive lineman|3]]–[[Linebacker|4]] defense under [[Dom Capers|the new defensive coordinator]] before the 2009 season (see [[2009 Green Bay Packers season#Switch from 4–3 to 3–4 defense|Packers switch from 4–3 to 3–4 defense]]). Kampman's predicament was similar to that of [[A. J. Duhe]] of the [[Miami Dolphins]], who wore number 77 when he entered the league in 1977 as a defensive end. Duhe did not change numbers when he moved to inside linebacker in 1979 when Dolphins defensive coordinator [[Bill Arnsparger]] made the permanent switch to the 3–4 (the Dolphins used the 3–4 as its "53" package from 1971–78). |
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Former defensive end [[Chris Doleman]] was permitted to keep his number 56 after being moved from linebacker to defensive end, while former linebacker [[Simon Fletcher (American football)|Simon Fletcher]] made the opposite move, defensive end to linebacker, and was permitted to keep his number 73. Fletcher's teammate with the [[Denver Broncos]], [[Karl Mecklenburg]], wore number 77 despite playing inside linebacker throughout his career. Mecklenburg was originally listed as a defensive end and thus was issued #77; he was allowed to keep it when he moved to linebacker. |
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[[A.J. Duhe]] was drafted as a defensive tackle by the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1977 and was issued #77. He kept the number when he moved to inside linebacker in 1980 and wore it the rest of his career, which ended following the 1984 season. |
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Former [[Cleveland Browns]] [[wide receiver]] [[Mike Furrey]], wearing number 87, and [[San Francisco 49ers]] [[wide receiver]] [[Randy Moss]], wearing number 84, played [[Safety (American and Canadian football position)|safety]] and/or [[cornerback]] in some defensive packages. In 2004 and 2011, the [[New England Patriots]] occasionally used wide receivers [[Troy Brown]] and [[Julian Edelman]] at nickel cornerback; both kept their jersey numbers (80 and 11, respectively) when playing defense. Ex-[[Baltimore Ravens]] tight end [[Edgar Jones (tight end)|Edgar Jones]] wore number 84, but sometimes played defensive end or outside linebacker, his original position when he signed with Baltimore in 2007. |
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Former [[Seattle Seahawks]] player [[Jameson Konz]] wore number 43, but was listed as a [[defensive end]] on the team's roster. However, Konz played [[tight end]] in 2013 pre-season games, and was often used on defense at linebacker and defensive end, on offense as a tight end, and on special teams. |
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Before the NFL allowed linebackers to wear numbers in the 40s, former [[Green Bay Packers]] linebacker [[Robert Francois]] wore number 49 because all the numbers in the 50s and 90s were taken when he signed with the team. For the same reason, former [[New England Patriots]] linebacker [[Tully Banta-Cain]] wore No. 48 during his first stint with the team; he later wore No. 95. [[Julian Stanford]] of the [[Detroit Lions]] is another No. 49, but he wore the number before the rule was changed prior to the 2015 season. |
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As a member of the [[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Demarcus Dobbs]] was originally a tight end; after switching positions to defensive end, he kept his uniform number 83. When he was claimed on waivers by the [[Seattle Seahawks]], he was given a traditional number for a defensive lineman, number 95. |
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After the [[Jacksonville Jaguars]] drafted quarterback/wide receiver [[Denard Robinson]] in the 2013 draft, the team converted him to running back and initially assigned him the jersey number 29. However, they later listed him on their roster as an "offensive weapon," allowing him to wear his collegiate No. 16; he has since officially been listed as a running back, but still wears 16. Similarly, [[De'Anthony Thomas]] of the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] and [[Dri Archer]] of the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], both college running backs who have retained that position in the pros, are listed by their teams as WR/RB and are able to wear a number in the teens (both wear 13). |
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[[Mark Barron]] was drafted as a strong safety and continued to play that position after his trade to the [[St. Louis Rams]], but after being converted to outside linebacker he kept his number 26. [[Deone Bucannon]] of the [[Arizona Cardinals]] made a similar switch to inside linebacker, and also still wears a defensive back's number (20). |
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==NCAA== |
==NCAA== |
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Although previous editions of the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]] rule book indicated a recommended numbering system nearly identical to the NCAA's, later editions from approximately 2000 onward only indicate the bare minimum requirements: offensive linemen must be numbered from 50 to 79, while backs and ends must wear numbers either from 1 to 49 or 80 to 99. |
Although previous editions of the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]] rule book indicated a recommended numbering system nearly identical to the NCAA's, later editions from approximately 2000 onward only indicate the bare minimum requirements: offensive linemen must be numbered from 50 to 79, while backs and ends must wear numbers either from 1 to 49 or 80 to 99. |
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==Retired numbers== |
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{{main|List of National Football League retired numbers}} |
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Most NFL teams have retired some numbers in honor of the team's best players. Generally when a number is retired, future players for the team may not wear it. However, exceptions have been made when a player with a retired number allows an active player to wear his number. However, very rarely does the new player accept the offer. When the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] acquired [[Joe Montana]] in 1993, [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Len Dawson]] gave Montana permission to wear his old #16, Montana's number in [[San Francisco 49ers|San Francisco]], but Montana declined it and wore 19 instead, which was both his old number in high school and the sum of his numbers at [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame]] (3) and the 49ers (16). |
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One exception offer that was accepted was made in 2004, when [[Steve Largent]], whose #80 was retired by the [[Seattle Seahawks]], allowed [[Jerry Rice]] to wear #80 when he briefly played for the team. Rice, a star who mostly played with the [[San Francisco 49ers|49ers]] and [[Oakland Raiders|Raiders]], had also worn #80 throughout his career. Rice made the same gesture when the 49ers signed longtime [[St. Louis Rams]] [[wide receiver]] [[Isaac Bruce]] in 2008. Rice offered Bruce the number, since Bruce had worn 80 during his 14-year stay with the Rams. (Though the number was not officially retired until 2010, the 49ers had not issued #80 since Rice left the team in 2001.) However, both Bruce and the 49ers agreed on not wearing 80 as a 49er, and wore number 88 during his two-year stint with the 49ers before retiring. |
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Another accepted offer was made in 2012, when [[Peyton Manning]], who had worn #18 with the [[Indianapolis Colts]] for 13 seasons, signed with the [[Denver Broncos]]. Denver had previously retired #18 for [[Frank Tripucka]], who offered the jersey number to the four-time MVP. |
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The 49ers made another exception for quarterback [[Trent Dilfer]] to wear number 12, which had been retired in honor of [[John Brodie]]. Dilfer, a close friend of Brodie, wore the number in tribute to him and to garner attention for Brodie's potential election to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} |
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Similarly, [[Detroit Lions]] linebacker [[Joe Schmidt]] allowed [[Pat Swilling]] to wear his retired number 56 when Swilling was acquired in 1993.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=AUZyxLK85iIC&pg=PT283&lpg=PT283|title=The Great Book of Detroit Sports Lists|page=283|year=2008|isbn=0-7624-3354-X|publisher=Running Press|first=Mike|last=Stone|first2=Art|last2=Regner}}</ref> |
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The [[Chicago Bears]] have retired the most numbers (14), followed by the [[San Francisco 49ers]] (12). Some newer teams have yet to retire any. |
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The [[New Orleans Saints]] have retired the numbers 31 and 81 in honor of [[Jim Taylor (American football)|Jim Taylor]] and [[Doug Atkins]], who played on the first Saints franchise in 1967. Strangely enough, neither Taylor nor Atkins has had their uniform numbers retired by the teams for which they played the vast majority of their careers before coming to the expansion Saints, Taylor with the [[Green Bay Packers]] and Atkins with the Bears. (Current [[cornerback]] [[Davon House]], in fact currently wears 31 for the Packers.) Taylor played only one year with the Saints before retiring, while Atkins' last three seasons were in New Orleans. |
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The numbers 7, 12, 40, and 70 have each been retired by five teams, more than any other numbers. |
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One of the most notable retired numbers is number 12 for the [[Seattle Seahawks]], who retired the number in [[1984 NFL season|1984]] in honor of the "[[12th man (football)|12th man]]", or the Seahawks fans, as opposed to a particular player. Since then, the team sells number 12 jerseys with the word "Fan" where the player's last name would be. |
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The [[Indianapolis Colts]] have chosen to retain the retired status of numbers retired when the club was in Baltimore, a point which irritated former Hall of Fame quarterback [[Johnny Unitas]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Incensed at the way former owner [[Robert Irsay]] moved the Colts out of town late at night on March 29, 1984, Unitas severed all ties to the Colts franchise and insisted he only be listed as a member of the "Baltimore Colts". Unitas was soon joined by teammates [[Lenny Moore]], [[Art Donovan]], [[Raymond Berry]], and [[Gino Marchetti]], all of whom also had their numbers retired by the club in Baltimore. (Many of these players would later support the [[Baltimore Ravens]].) The Colts recently retired number 18 for quarterback [[Peyton Manning]] although he continues to play in the NFL for the [[Denver Broncos]], the club however has not retired any further numbers of former Baltimore Colts. |
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The [[Dallas Cowboys]] have not retired any numbers despite a long list of Hall Of Fame players. Instead, the Cowboys do not issue the number, as is the case with number 12 for [[Roger Staubach]] and number 8 for [[Troy Aikman]], or the number is used as a sign of legacy; an equivalent to the number retirement ceremony, the "[[Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor|Ring of Honor]]" ceremony where the player's name and number is permanently displayed on the ring of [[AT&T Stadium]]'s fourth balcony fascia, is utilized instead to honor those players, which other teams also have emulated, sometimes with the addition of a number retirement. The number 22 was used by Hall Of Fame players [[Bob Hayes]] and [[Emmitt Smith]]. The number 88 is used as a lineage for the top WR brought in by the team. It was first made famous by [[Drew Pearson (American football)|Drew Pearson]] in the 1970s, before [[Michael Irvin]] used it in the 1990s. The number now belongs to [[Dez Bryant]]. Number 94 was worn by [[Charles Haley]] and later all-time team sack leader [[DeMarcus Ware]], and currently belongs to Randy Gregory. |
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For many years, the [[Buffalo Bills]] never officially retired uniform numbers. This changed when [[Jim Kelly]]'s number 12 was officially retired by the Bills in the early 2000s (although [[Joe Ferguson]] also prominently wore the number, and the team also honors the [[12th Man (American football)|12th man]]); the team has not formally retired any numbers since then. [[O. J. Simpson]] (32), [[Bruce Smith (defensive end)|Bruce Smith]] (78), [[Cookie Gilchrist]] and [[Thurman Thomas]] (both 34) have not had their numbers issued since those players' retirements. [[Jack Kemp]] (15), [[Elbert Dubenion]] (44), [[Billy Shaw]] (66), and [[Andre Reed]] (83) have seen their numbers used only in limited situations; wide receiver [[Lee Evans (American football)|Lee Evans]] (full name Lee Evans III) sought explicit permission to use the 83 number, as it was the only way to preserve the number 3 somewhere in his jersey number (the league had not opened up the 10–19 numbers at the time of his debut).<ref>{{cite web |last= Brown |first= Chris |date= June 17, 2011 |url= http://www.buffalobills.com/news/article-2/The-untouchable-numbers/d99eac04-f960-4a5d-b9e8-f67b1b1c971f |title= The untouchable numbers |publisher= Buffalo Bills |accessdate= June 17, 2011}}</ref> Like Dallas, Buffalo has a "Wall of Fame" honoring some of their great players and contributors. One number that was unofficially retired for most of the team's history was 31, which was reserved as a generic number for promotions and to represent the "spirit of the franchise". This policy was reversed in 1990 when the number was awarded to [[James Williams (football player)|James "J.D." Williams]]; it has since been re-released to all players (in part due to the withdrawal of 32) but is not, as of 2015, not in regular use. |
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Only Four players have worn the #14 jersey for the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] are, in order, Sam Wyche (QB), Ken Anderson (QB), Maurice Purify (WR), and Andy Dalton (QB). Wyche played from 1968 to 1970 and later coached the team to its second Super Bowl in 1988. Ken Anderson, for whom the number is known by Bengals fans, wore the number from 1973 until 1986. No player had worn it until [[Andy Dalton (American football)|Andy Dalton]] took the number upon being drafted in 2011, Ken Anderson gave his support to Dalton being issued with the number. Offensive Tackle [[Anthony Muñoz]] wore #78 for the Bengals, which has not been worn since he left Cincinnati. The only number to be retired by the Bengals is the number 54 worn by Bob Johnson, their first ever draft pick. |
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Although the [[Green Bay Packers]] have retired the numbers 3 ([[Tony Canadeo]]), 14 ([[Don Hutson]]), 15 ([[Bart Starr]]), 66 ([[Ray Nitschke]]), 92 ([[Reggie White]]), and 4 ([[Brett Favre]])they are reluctant to officially retire numbers due to the high number of Hall of Famers who've played for the team. Even White's number 92 was simply taken out of circulation after his retirement and wasn't officially retired until after his death in 2004. |
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Other Green Bay players whose numbers are "unofficially" retired and kept out of circulation include [[Paul Hornung]]'s number 5 (issued only once, for one year, since his retirement), and team founder [[Curly Lambeau]], whose number 1 has not been re-issued since he last wore it in 1925 and 1926 (the first two years the team wore jersey numbers). |
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Because of the Packers reluctance to retire numbers, a few numbers have been worn by more than one all-time Packer great and would likely have to be retired for multiple men. Number 30, for example, was worn by [[Clarke Hinkle]] and [[Ahman Green]], both of whom retired as the Packers all-time leading rusher. Similarly, number 80 has been worn by [[James Lofton]] and [[Donald Driver]], who both left Green Bay as the Packers all-time leading receiver. Green Bay has also assigned numbers to rookie players based on the number of the player that they are ostensibly replacing on the team. [[Ha Ha Clinton-Dix]] was issued number 21 last worn by [[Charles Woodson]]. [[Davon House]] was issued number 31 last worn by [[Al Harris (cornerback)|Al Harris]]. [[Morgan Burnett]] wears number 42 last worn by [[Darren Sharper]] |
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The [[New England Patriots]] have retired seven jersey numbers: 20 ([[Gino Cappelletti]]), 40 ([[Mike Haynes (cornerback)|Mike Haynes]]), 57 ([[Steve Nelson (American football)|Steve Nelson]]), 73 ([[John Hannah (American football)|John Hannah]]), 78 ([[Bruce Armstrong]]), 79 ([[Jim Lee Hunt]]), and 89 ([[Bob Dee]]). Although they have not officially retired [[Andre Tippett]]'s No. 56, they have not issued it since Tippett's retirement in 1993. |
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==Non-retirement policies== |
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While the NFL does allow teams to retire jersey numbers, the league officially discourages retiring numbers, for fear of teams running out of numbers. As a result, a few NFL teams do not retire jersey numbers. |
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===Oakland=== |
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The [[Oakland Raiders]], along with the [[Houston Texans]] (who have not accumulated enough of a history to warrant retiring numbers {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}), are the only teams in the NFL that have not retired any numbers, officially or unofficially.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Only [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] [[center (American football)|center]] [[Jim Otto]]'s number, 00, has not been reissued by the Raiders, and in Otto's case only because the league forced the Raiders to stop issuing the number; the NFL banned the numbers 0 and 00 in 1973 under the new numbering system. As a result of the Raiders' policy, the numbers worn by Hall of Fame inductees have been used by other players who followed, including [[Willie Brown (American football)|Willie Brown]]'s number 24 (currently worn by [[Charles Woodson]]), [[George Blanda]]'s number 16 (worn by [[Andrew Walter]]), [[Kenny Stabler]]'s number 12 (worn by [[Rich Gannon]], [[Josh McCown]], and [[Jacoby Ford]]), [[Fred Biletnikoff]]'s number 25 (worn by [[D.J. Hayden]]), [[Ray Guy]]'s number 8 (worn by [[Matt Schaub]]) and [[Gene Upshaw]]'s number 63 (worn by [[Mark Wilson (American football)|Mark Wilson]]). |
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It has been speculated that number 2 was briefly withdrawn from circulation, not to honor a player, but out of stigma: [[JaMarcus Russell]], the last player to wear it (he left the NFL in 2009), was a notorious [[draft bust]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Williamson |first=Bill |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/afcwest/post/_/id/31205/pryor-doesnt-follow-russells-footsteps |title=Pryor doesn't follow Russell's footsteps |publisher=Espn.go.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McHugh |first=Patrick |url=http://www.nesn.com/2011/08/raiders-dont-allow-terrelle-pryor-to-wear-no-2-last-worn-by-draft-bust-jamarcus-russell.html |title=Raiders Don't Allow Terrelle Pryor to Wear No. 2, Last Worn by Draft Bust JaMarcus Russell |publisher=Nesn.com |date=2011-08-28 |accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> [[Terrelle Pryor]], who was originally assigned number 6, was eventually allowed to wear the number 2 beginning in 2013, thus putting the number back in circulation. |
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===Dallas=== |
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Like Oakland, Dallas' official policy is to not retire uniform numbers, although there are a few numbers that have been unofficially retired and have not been used since the retirement of prominent players wearing them. [[Emmitt Smith]] and former [[Olympic games|Olympic]] athlete [[Bob Hayes]] wore number 22 with the Cowboys, but the number has not been reissued since Smith left for [[Arizona Cardinals|Arizona]] in 2004. |
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Perhaps most notably, [[Drew Pearson (American football)|Drew Pearson]] and [[Michael Irvin]] both wore number 88 with the Cowboys, and it is currently worn by [[Dez Bryant]]. The Cowboys will be treating number 88 similar to that of number 12 with the [[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Crimson Tide]] and, until 2005, number 44 for the [[Syracuse Orange football|Syracuse Orange]] (who have since retired number 44) by reserving number 88 for only the best receivers.<ref>http://sports.espn.go.com/dallas/news/story?id=5129192</ref> |
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Instead of retiring numbers, the Cowboys induct prominent players into a [[Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor|Ring of Honor]], which rings [[Cowboys Stadium]], and originally ringed their previous home, [[Texas Stadium]]. Since their induction into the Ring of Honor, numbers 8 ([[Troy Aikman]]), 12 ([[Roger Staubach]]), 20 ([[Mel Renfro]]), 22 (Hayes and Smith), 43 ([[Cliff Harris]]), 54 ([[Chuck Howley]] and [[Randy White (American football)|Randy White]]), 55 ([[Lee Roy Jordan]]), 70 ([[Rayfield Wright]]), 72 ([[Too Tall Jones]]), and 74 ([[Bob Lilly]]) have not been reissued or are rarely used. |
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===Pittsburgh=== |
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The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] also do not officially retire uniform numbers (the exception being [[Ernie Stautner]], who played before the dynasty years of the 1970s). However, [[Terry Bradshaw]]'s number 12, [[Franco Harris]]' number 32, [[Jerome Bettis]]' number 36, [[Mike Webster]]'s number 52, [[Jack Lambert (American football)|Jack Lambert]]'s number 58, [[Dermontti Dawson]]'s number 63, and [[Joe Greene (American football)|Joe Greene]]'s number 75 have not been issued since those respective players retired, while [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]]'s number 1, [[Donnie Shell]]'s number 31, [[Mel Blount]]'s number 47, and [[Jack Ham]]'s number 59 have had minimal usage since. Number 35 was worn by two Hall of Famers ([[Bill Dudley]] and [[John Henry Johnson]]) and was most recently worn by former [[Fullback (American football)|fullback]] [[Dan Kreider]] in [[2007 Pittsburgh Steelers season|2007]]. The Steelers officially retired Greene's number 75 on November 2, 2014, during a halftime ceremony of the Ravens/Steelers game at Heinz Field.<ref name="Greene">[http://www.steelers.com/news/article-1/Pittsburgh-Steelers-to-Retire-Joe-Greenes-Number-75/0a9e49b0-97db-4c90-9a5d-a486ed8f7889 Pittsburgh Steelers to Retire Joe Greene's Number '75'] ''[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]'' (07/30/2014)</ref> |
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[[John Stallworth]]'s number 82 has been reissued several times as has [[Lynn Swann]]'s number 88; this is mainly because of the limited number of numbers available for wide receivers and tight ends (until 2004, those positions could only wear numbers in the 80s). However, the NFL has since relaxed the rule and started allowing receivers to wear jersey numbers 10–19 in addition to 80s numbers. |
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===Washington=== |
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The [[Washington Redskins]] have only retired one number, [[Sammy Baugh]]'s number 33. Numbers 7 ([[Joe Theismann]]), 9 ([[Sonny Jurgensen]]), 28 ([[Darrell Green]]), 42 ([[Charley Taylor]]), 43 ([[Larry Brown (running back)|Larry Brown]]), 44 ([[John Riggins]]), 49 ([[Bobby Mitchell]]), 51 ([[Monte Coleman]]), 65 ([[Dave Butz]]), 70 ([[Sam Huff]]), and 81 ([[Art Monk]]) are considered unofficially retired. It is generally assumed that 21 ([[Sean Taylor]]) is also considered unofficially retired, which is supported by the fact that [[Oshiomogho Atogwe]] switched to 20 upon joining the Redskins despite always wearing 21 with the [[St. Louis Rams]] previously. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Revision as of 19:09, 12 January 2016
The uniform numbers in American football are unusual compared to those in other sports. They are displayed in more locations on the uniform; they are universally worn on both the front and back of the jersey; and in many cases "TV numbers" are displayed on the shoulder pad or occasionally on the helmets. The numbers on the front and back of the jersey also are very large, covering most of the jersey. More important, certain numbers may only be worn by players playing specific positions; thus, the jersey numbers assist the officials in determining possible rules infractions by players.
Under current rules in all three of the most prominent levels of American football (high school football, college football and professional football), all players must wear a number between 1 and 99, and no two players may wear the same number on the field at the same time. In the past, players have used the numbers 0, 00 and in two special cases 100. (0 and 00 are still allowed and used in Canadian football.) Those who wear numbers between 50 and 79 are, by rule, prohibited from catching or touching forward passes if their team is in possession of the ball, unless explicitly indicated to the referee during a Tackle-eligible play. Other than this, the correspondence between jersey numbers and player positions is largely an issue of semantics.
National Football League
The National Football League numbering system dates from a large scale change of their rules in 1973, subsequently amended in various minor ways. Positions are allocated numbers as in the following table:[1]
| Number Range | QB | RB | WR | TE / H | OL | DL | LB | DB | K | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-9 | Yes | No | Preseason[a] | No | No | No | No | Preseason[b] | Yes | Yes |
| 10–19 | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| 20–29 | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| 30–39 | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| 40–49 | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| 50–59 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| 60–69 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| 70–79 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| 80–89 | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| 90–99 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Exceptions to this system do exist, but must be approved by the NFL in advance. The numbers used relate to the player's primary position - unless it conflicts with the eligible receiver rule, players whose primary position changes during a season, do not need to change their number.
Although the NFL does allow teams to retire jersey numbers, the league officially discourages the practice for fear of teams running out of numbers. As a result, a few teams do not retire jersey numbers.
NCAA
According to NCAA rule book, Rule 1 Section 4 Article 1 recommends numbering as follows for offensive players;
Otherwise all players must be numbered 1–99, the NCAA makes no stipulation on defensive players. Two players may also share the same number though they may not play during the same down.
The lowest numbers are often considered the most prestigious, and they are frequently worn not just by specialists and quarterbacks but also by running backs, defensive backs, and linebackers. Kickers and punters are frequently numbered in the 40s or 90s, which are the least in-demand numbers on a college roster. The increased flexibility in numbering of NCAA rosters is needed since NCAA rules allow larger rosters than the NFL; thus teams would frequently exhaust the available numbers for a position under the NFL rules. It is not uncommon for NCAA teams to have duplicate numbers, with an offensive player having the same number as a defensive one—this is allowed as long as both players are not on the field at the same time. Usually, one of the players will be a reserve who rarely plays, but this is not always the case: for example, the 2005 Texas Longhorns team had two key players who both wore #4: wide receiver Limas Sweed and linebacker Drew Kelson. The 2007 USC Trojans team had two key players who both wore #10: quarterback John David Booty and linebacker Brian Cushing. The 2008 Missouri Tigers both had key players wearing #1: safety William Moore and running back Jimmy Jackson. In the same season, the Alabama Crimson Tide had four numbers shared by two players each. In the 2009 season, the Ohio State Buckeyes roster also had numerous duplicate numbers: quarterback Terrelle Pryor and cornerback Malcolm Jenkins both wore #2, and running back Daniel Herron and linebacker Marcus Freeman both wore #1,[2] while USC had both running back C. J. Gable and safety Taylor Mays wearing #2. At Texas, both safety Earl Thomas and quarterback Colt McCoy both wore #12. In 2010 at the University of Illinois, both quarterback Nathan Scheelhaase and linebacker Martez Wilson wore #2. In 2012, Notre Dame starting linebacker and team captain Manti Te'o and starting quarterback Everett Golson both wore #5. In 2013, Virginia Tech running back JC Coleman and defensive end Ken Ekanem both wore #4.
Perhaps the most interesting use of duplicate numbers was at South Carolina. Both cornerback Stephon Gilmore and quarterback Stephen Garcia wore #5. However, Gilmore also played quarterback for the Gamecocks, usually in the wildcat formation. During the annual end of season derby, Head Coach Steve Spurrier effectively rotated Garcia and Gilmore at the quarterback position, confusing the Clemson defense (and many fans). Because Garcia and Gilmore were never on the field at the same time, it was perfectly legal.
Individual schools often have superstitions or traditions involving certain numbers. It may be a great honor to be given the number 1 uniform, for example, such as at the University of Michigan. The top performing walk-on at Texas A&M University will often be issued number 12, in reference to their 12th Man tradition. Syracuse University historically reserved number 44 for its best running backs, including Jim Brown, Ernie Davis, and Floyd Little,[3] finally retiring the number permanently in 2005.[4] The number 12 is also prestigious at the University of Alabama. It is usually reserved for top quarterbacks, although it was worn by 1930s lineman Bear Bryant, who became a coaching legend at Alabama. Since Bryant's era, it has been worn by Kenny Stabler, Joe Namath, Brodie Croyle, and Greg McElroy. At Ole Miss, the #38 worn by defensive back Chucky Mullins, who suffered a paralyzing injury in a 1989 game that ultimately led to his death in 1991, was given each season as an award to a defensive player who was seen as epitomizing Mullins' spirit. The number was retired in Mullins' memory in 2006, but it was an unpopular move, and the number as award was restored in 2010 with both offensive and defensive players eligible to win the award now.
Another notable exception was, during the 1963 season at West Virginia University, the college was able to successfully lobby the NCAA to allow a player, namely kicker Chuck Kinder, to wear the jersey Number 100 for the state's 100th anniversary. Kinder continued to wear this jersey until the 1966 season, when he was asked to stop wearing it by the new coaching staff due to all the questions they were receiving about the odd number. Similarly, University of Kansas kicker, Bill Bell, wore jersey number 100 in 1969 as part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of college football.[5]
In 2013, Michigan quarterback Devin Gardner was given jersey number 98 to wear as part of the Michigan Football Legends program. Before 2011, the number had been retired in honor of Tom Harmon, a Michigan legend and father of actor Mark Harmon. Although it is unusual for a quarterback to wear a number higher than the 20s even at the collegiate level, Gardner, a redshirt junior at Michigan, will wear the number for the remainder of his career at Michigan. He wore number 12 (a more standard number for a quarterback) before being honored.[6]
High school
On high school and other lower youth teams, jerseys with different number ranges are different sizes, and since many of these teams do not reorder jerseys every year, players are often assigned numbers based more on jerseys that fit them rather than specific position.[citation needed]
Although previous editions of the National Federation of State High School Associations rule book indicated a recommended numbering system nearly identical to the NCAA's, later editions from approximately 2000 onward only indicate the bare minimum requirements: offensive linemen must be numbered from 50 to 79, while backs and ends must wear numbers either from 1 to 49 or 80 to 99.
Notes
- ^ Receivers are permitted to wear these numbers during the preseason when there are no numbers in the 10s or 80s available. For example, Victor Cruz of the New York Giants wore number 3 in the 2010 preseason but changed to 80 before the start of the regular season.
- ^ Defensive backs are permitted to wear these numbers during the preseason when there are no numbers from 20-49 available. For example, Tarell Brown of the New England Patriots wore number 9 in the 2015 preseason before switching to 31 after Justin Green's retirement. (He would wear 25 for the regular season.)
References
- ^ Football 101 - Uniform Numbering System
- ^ "What's the deal with duplicate numbers?". Birmingham News. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
- ^ Syracuse University
- ^ "The Legend of #44". Syracuse University Athletics. Retrieved February 19, 2007.
- ^ Stallard, Mark (2004). Tales from the Jayhawk Gridiron. Sports Publishing. The anecdote featuring Bell's number 100, with a picture of Bell's number 100 jersey, can be found on pages 94–96.
- ^ Hinnen, Jerry (September 7, 2013). "Devin Gardner to wear No. 98 in honor of Tom Harmon". CBS Sports.