HMS Repulse (1892): Difference between revisions
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|Ship image=[[File: |
|Ship image=[[File:RepulsePostcardCropped.jpg|300px]] |
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|Ship caption= |
|Ship caption=A [[postcard]] of ''Repulse'' underway |
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{{Infobox ship career |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Ship country= |
|Ship country=United Kingdom |
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|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|naval}} |
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|naval}} |
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|Ship name= |
|Ship name=''Repulse'' |
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|Ship ordered=1889 Naval Programme |
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|Ship builder=[[Pembroke |
|Ship builder=[[Pembroke Dockyard]] |
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|Ship original cost= |
|Ship original cost=[[pound sterling|£]]915,302 |
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|Ship way number= |
|Ship way number=No. 1 |
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|Ship laid down=1 January 1890 |
|Ship laid down=1 January 1890 |
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|Ship launched=27 February 1892 |
|Ship launched=27 February 1892 |
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|Ship completed=April 1894 |
|Ship completed=21 April 1894 |
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|Ship commissioned=25 April 1894 |
|Ship commissioned=25 April 1894 |
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|Ship decommissioned=February 1911 |
|Ship decommissioned=February 1911 |
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|Ship nickname=The ''Royal Sovereign''-class battleships were called the "Rolling Ressies"<ref name="Burt, p. 66">Burt, p. 66</ref> |
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|Ship fate=Sold for [[ship breaking|scrap]], 11 July 1911 |
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|Ship fate=Sold for scrapping 11 July 1911 |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Header caption= |
|Header caption=(as built) |
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|Ship class= |
|Ship class={{sclass-|Royal Sovereign|battleship|0}} [[predreadnought battleship]] |
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|Ship displacement={{convert|14150|LT|t|lk=on}} |
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|Ship tonnage= |
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|Ship length=*{{convert|380|ft|abbr=on|1}} ([[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]) |
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|Ship displacement=14,190 t; 15,580 t full load |
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|Ship beam={{convert|75|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} |
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|Ship tons burthen= |
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|Ship |
|Ship draught={{convert|27|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on|1}} |
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|Ship |
|Ship power=*{{convert|11000|ihp|abbr=on|lk=in}} |
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*8 [[Scotch marine boiler|cylindrical boilers]] |
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|Ship height= |
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|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Triple-expansion steam engines]] |
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|Ship draught={{convert|27|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship speed={{convert|17.5|kn|lk=in}} |
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|Ship draft= |
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|Ship range={{convert|4720|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} @ {{convert|10|kn}} |
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|Ship depth= |
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|Ship |
|Ship complement=670 |
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|Ship armament=*2 × twin [[BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I - IV|BL {{convert|13.5|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} guns]] |
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|Ship decks= |
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*10 × single [[QF 6 inch Mk I - III naval gun|QF {{convert|6|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} guns]] |
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|Ship deck clearance= |
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*10 × single [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 6-pdr ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}})]] [[Hotchkiss gun]]s |
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|Ship ramps= |
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*12 × single [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 3-pdr ({{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}})]] Hotchkiss guns |
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|Ship ice class= |
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*7 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (450 mm) torpedo]] tubes |
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|Ship power= |
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|Ship propulsion=Twin coal-fired [[Humphreys & Tennant]] 3-cylinder [[Steam engine#Multiple expansion engines|triple-expansion steam engine]]s, two screws; 9000ihp |
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|Ship sail plan= |
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|Ship speed=15.7 kt max |
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|Ship range= |
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|Ship test depth= |
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|Ship troops= |
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|Ship complement=712 |
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|Ship time to activate= |
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|Ship sensors= |
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|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=*4 × [[BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I – IV|BL {{convert|13.5|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}} guns]] (2 × 2) |
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*10 × [[QF 6 inch /40 naval gun|QF {{convert|6|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}} guns]] (10 × 1) |
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*10 × 6-pounder (57 mm) guns (10 × 1) |
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*12 × [[QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder (47 mm) guns]] (12 × 1) |
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*6 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (450 mm) torpedo]] tubes (4 above water, 2 underwater) |
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| Ship armour =* Main [[Belt armor|belt]]: {{convert|14|-|18|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
| Ship armour =* Main [[Belt armor|belt]]: {{convert|14|-|18|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* |
* [[Bulkhead (partition)|bulkheads]]: {{convert|14|-|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* Forward [[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkheads]]: {{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* After bulkhead: {{convert|14|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* [[Barbette]]s: {{convert|11|-|17|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
* [[Barbette]]s: {{convert|11|-|17|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* [[Casemate#Naval|Casemates]]: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
* [[Casemate#Naval|Casemates]]: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* [[Conning tower |
* [[Conning tower]]: {{convert|14|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|2.5|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|2.5|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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|Ship aircraft= |
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|Ship aircraft facilities= |
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|Ship notes= |
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'''HMS ''Repulse''''' was |
'''HMS ''Repulse''''' was one of seven [[Royal Sovereign-class battleship|''Royal Sovereign''-class]] [[pre-dreadnought battleship]]s built for the [[Royal Navy]] in the 1890s. Assigned to the [[Channel Fleet]] after [[Ship commissioning|commissioning]] in 1894, she participated in a series of annual manoeuvres, and the [[Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee]] [[Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)|Fleet Review]], before redeploying in 1902 to the [[Mediterranean Fleet]]. She served there until December 1903, when she returned home for an extensive refit. After its completion in 1905, ''Repulse'' was assigned to the [[Reserve Fleet]] until she was sold for [[ship breaking|scrap]] in 1911. |
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==Design and description== |
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Attached to the [[Channel Squadron]], she completed a series of annual manueovres, and the [[Fleet review]] during Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, before redeploying in 1902 to the [[Mediterranean Fleet]]. She served there until December 1904, when she returned to Plymouth for an extensive refit. From then until sold for scrap in 1911, ''Repulse'' formed part of the [[Royal Navy Reserve]], having been made obsolete almost overnight by the launch of [[HMS Dreadnought (1906)|HMS ''Dreadnought'']] in 1906. |
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[[File:Royal Sovereign class diagrams Brasseys 1906.jpg|thumb|left|Right elevation, plan and cross-section of the Royal Sovereigns from [[Brassey's Naval Annual]], 1906]] |
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The design of the ''Royal Sovereign''-class ships was derived from that of the {{sclass2-|Admiral|ironclad}} battleships, greatly enlarged to improve [[seakeeping]] and to provide space for a [[Battleship secondary armament|secondary armament]] as in the preceding {{sclass-|Trafalgar|ironclad|2}} battleships.<ref>Gardiner, p. 116; Parkes, pp. 359</ref> The ships [[Displacement (ship)|displaced]] {{convert|14150|LT|t|lk=on}} at normal load and {{convert|15580|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. They had a [[length between perpendiculars]] of {{convert|380|ft|m|1}} and were {{convert|410|ft|6|in|m|1}} [[length overall|long overall]], a beam of {{convert|75|ft|m|1}}, and a draught of {{convert|27|ft|6|in|m|1}}.<ref name=ck0>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 32</ref> As a flagship, ''Repulse''{{'}}s crew consisted of 670 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]] in 1903.<ref name="Burt, p. 66">Burt, p. 73</ref> |
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''Repulse'' was powered by a pair of three-cylinder, vertical [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s, each driving one shaft. Her [[Humphrys, Tennant and Dykes|Humphrys & Tennant]] engines<ref name=ck0/> were designed to produce a total of {{convert|11000|ihp|lk=in}} and a maximum speed of {{convert|17.5|kn|lk=in}} using steam provided by eight [[Scotch marine boiler|cylindrical boilers]] with [[forced draught]]. The ship reached a speed of {{convert|17.8|kn}} during her [[sea trials]]. The ''Royal Sovereign''-class ships carried a maximum of {{convert|1420|LT|t|0}} of coal which gave them a range of {{convert|4720|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref>Burt, pp. 73, 85</ref> |
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==Technical Characteristics== |
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HMS ''Repulse'' was ordered under the Naval Defence Act Program of 1889. Laid down at [[Pembroke Dock|Pembroke]] on 1 January 1890 and launched on 27 February 1892, she was completed in April 1894. |
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''Repulse'' was 410 feet long and had a maximum cruising speed of 17 knots. Her armament included four 67-ton 13.5-inch (343-mm) guns and several smaller-calibre guns. |
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[[File:HMS Repulse (1892).jpg|300px|left|thumb|HMS ''Repulse'']] |
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[[File:HMS Repulse (1892) barbette interior.jpg|300px|left|thumb|An interior view of the [[starboard]] side of ''Repulse''{{'}}s after {{convert|13.5|in|mm|0|adj=on}} [[barbette]]. The [[breech-loading weapon|breech]] of the barbette{{'}}s starboard {{convert|13.5|in|mm|0|adj=on}} gun, its [[breech block]] removed, can be seen through the opening at far left. Levers controlling the barbette{{'}}s [[hydraulic]] system are in the foreground. Thin splinter plating covers the top of the barbette, through which two sighting ports protruded; the sailor at rear has his head partially through the starboard sighting port.]] |
[[File:HMS Repulse (1892) barbette interior.jpg|300px|left|thumb|An interior view of the [[starboard]] side of ''Repulse''{{'}}s after {{convert|13.5|in|mm|0|adj=on}} [[barbette]]. The [[breech-loading weapon|breech]] of the barbette{{'}}s starboard {{convert|13.5|in|mm|0|adj=on}} gun, its [[breech block]] removed, can be seen through the opening at far left. Levers controlling the barbette{{'}}s [[hydraulic]] system are in the foreground. Thin splinter plating covers the top of the barbette, through which two sighting ports protruded; the sailor at rear has his head partially through the starboard sighting port.]] |
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Their main armament consisted of four [[List of British ordnance terms#BL|breech-loading (BL)]] [[BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I - IV|{{convert|13.5|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} guns]] mounted in two twin-[[gun turret]]s, one each fore and aft of the [[superstructure]].<ref name=p5>Parkes, p. 355</ref> Each gun was provided with 80 [[Cartridge (firearms)|rounds]].<ref name="Burt, p. 66"/> Their secondary armament consisted of ten [[quick-firing gun|quick-firing (QF)]] [[QF 6 inch Mk I - III naval gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} guns]].<ref name=ck0/> 200 rounds per gun were carried by the ships.<ref name="Burt, p. 66"/> Sixteen [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}})]] and a dozen [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 3-pounder ({{convert|47|mm|abbr=on|disp=flip}})]] [[Hotchkiss gun]]s were fitted for defence against [[torpedo boat]]s. The two 3-pounders in the upper [[Top (sailing ship)|fighting top]] were removed by 1902 and all of the remaining light guns from the lower fighting tops and main deck followed in 1905–09. ''Repulse'' carried seven 14-inch (356 mm) [[torpedo tube]]s, although four were removed in 1902.<ref>Burt, pp. 73, 85, 87, 93</ref> |
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The ''Royal Sovereign''-class battleships were designed by [[Sir William White]] and were the most potent battleships in the world when they were commissioned, and they were front-line ships until [[HMS Dreadnought (1906)|HMS ''Dreadnought'']] rendered them obsolete overnight in 1906. In their day, the ''Royal Sovereign''s embodied revolutionary improvements in firepower, armour, and speed. The main armament of four 13.5-inch (343-mm) guns was housed in two [[barbette]]s, rather than [[Gun turret|turrets]], at either end of the ship which allowed a high freeboard, greatly increasing their capacity for fighting in rough weather; however, they tended to roll heavily in certain conditions, and after ''Resolution'' rolled badly in heavy seas in 1893, the ''Royal Sovereign'' class was nicknamed the "Rolling Ressies." While fitting out, ''Repulse'' was fitted experimentally with [[bilge keels]], which solved the rolling problem; bilge keels were installed on the other ships of the class, but the nickname stuck.<ref name="Burt, p. 66"/> The secondary armament was designed to provide potent, quick-firing support for the main battery. Despite their greatly increased weight, thanks to a main armour belt which ran for two thirds of their length, they were the fastest capital ships in the world in their time. |
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The ''Royal Sovereign''s' armour scheme was similar to that of the ''Trafalgar''s, as the [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|belt]] of [[compound armour]] only protected the area between the [[barbette]]s. The {{convert|14|-|18|in|mm|0|adj=on}} belt was {{convert|238|ft|m|1}} long and had a total height of {{convert|8|ft|8|in|m|1}} of which {{convert|5|ft|m|1}} was below water. Transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkheads]] {{convert|14|-|16|in|0}} thick closed off the ends of the belt. Above the belt was a [[strake]] of {{convert|4|in|0|adj=on}} nickel-steel armour closed off by {{convert|3|in|adj=on}} transverse bulkheads.<ref name=ck0/> The barbettes were protected by compound armour, ranging in thickness from {{convert|11|to|17|in|mm|0}} and the casemates for the 6-inch guns were protected by an equal thickness of armour. The thicknesses of the armour [[deck (ship)|deck]] ranged from {{convert|2.5|to|3|in|mm|0}}. The walls of the forward [[conning tower]] were {{convert|12|-|14|in|0}} thick and the aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates.<ref name="Burt, p. 66"/> |
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In 1906, the ''Royal Sovereign''s, like every other battleship in the world, were made obsolete with the launch of the revolutionary HMS ''Dreadnought'', the first all-big-gun battleship. |
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==Construction and career== |
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==Operational history== |
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[[File:HMS Repulse (1892).jpg|left|thumb|''Repulse'' at anchor in [[Portsmouth Dockyard]], 1893]] |
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HMS ''Repulse'' commissioned at [[Portsmouth, England|Portsmouth]] on 25 April 1894 to relieve battleship [[HMS Rodney (1884)|HMS ''Rodney'']] in the [[Channel Squadron]], and was attached to [[Chatham Dockyard]]. She participated in annual maneuvers in the [[Irish Sea]] and Atlantic Ocean in August 1894 as a unit of the "Blue Fleet." From 19 June 1895 to 24 June 1895, she was part of the Royal Navy squadron that visited Germany for the opening of the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Canal]]. In July and August 1895, she again took part in the annual maneuvers, as she did yet again in July 1896, when they were held in the [[Southwest Approaches]] and she was a unit of "Fleet A."<ref name="Burt, p. 82">Burt, p. 82</ref> |
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''Repulse'' was the tenth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy.<ref>Colledge, pp. 291–92</ref> She was ordered under the Naval Defence Act Programme of 1889 and [[laid down]] on 1 January 1890 on [[Pembroke Dockyard]]'s No. 1 [[Slipway]]. The ship was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 27 February 1892 by Lady Philipps, wife of Sir [[Charles Philipps, 1st Baronet|Charles Philipps, Bt]], [[Lord Lieutenant of Haverfordwest]]. The ship was transferred to [[Portsmouth Dockyard]] on 5 December,<ref>Phillips, pp. 245–46</ref> where she was completed on 21 April 1894,<ref>Silverstone, p. 262</ref> at a cost of [[pound sterling|£]]915,302.<ref>Parkes, p. 355</ref> ''Repulse'' [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] there, commanded by [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[Burges Watson]],<ref name="dn">{{cite web|title=H.M.S. Repulse (1892)|url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Repulse_%281892%29|website=www.dreadnoughtproject.org|publisher=The Dreadnought Project|accessdate=24 April 2016}}</ref> four days later to relieve the ironclad battleship [[HMS Rodney (1884)|''Rodney'']] in the Channel Fleet. She participated in annual maneuvers in the [[Irish Sea]] and [[Atlantic Ocean]] in August as a unit of the "Blue Fleet." From 19 to 24 June 1895, the ship was part of the [[squadron (naval)|squadron]] that visited Germany for the opening of the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Canal]]. In July–August 1895, ''Repulse'' again took part in the annual manoeuvres<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> and Watson was relieved by Captain [[Ernest Rolfe]] on 10 October.<ref name="dn"/> The ship participated in the manoeuvres again in July 1896, when they were held in the [[Southwest Approaches]] and the ship was a unit of "Fleet A." ''Repulse'' accidentally collided with her [[sister ship]] {{HMS|Resolution|1892|2}} on 18 July, but sustained no significant damage.<ref name="Burt, p. 82">Burt, p. 93</ref> On 23 December, there was an explosion in one of her coal bunkers that injured nine men.<ref>{{cite news|title=H.M.S. Repulse|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/161832641|accessdate=24 April 2016|work=Trove|agency=Adelaide Observer|date=28 Dec 1895|page=27}}</ref> |
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On 26 June 1897, the ship was present at the Fleet Review at [[Spithead]] for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The following month, ''Repulse'' took part in the annual maneuvers, this time held off the coast of [[Ireland]].<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> On 21 December, Captain [[Robert Groome (Royal Navy officer)|Robert Groome]] assumed command of the ship; he was relieved by Captain [[Randolph Foote]] on 28 June 1899.<ref name="dn"/> In July and August, when the annual maneuvers were held in the Atlantic, she participated as a unit of "Fleet A".<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> ''Repulse'' suffered a mishap on 4 February 1900 when a strong tide forced her to collide with an anchored [[barge]] as she departed [[Sheerness]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times | articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |date=5 February 1900 |page_number=11 |issue=36057| }}</ref> In August 1900, she again was involved in annual maneuvers in the Atlantic, this time as a unit of "Fleet A1."<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> The following month, Foote was replaced by Captain [[Spencer Login]] on the 18th.<ref name="dn"/> On 27 October 1901, she [[Ship grounding|ran aground]] in mud while under tow to her moorings, but was refloated undamaged two hours later.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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On 26 June 1897, ''Repulse'' was present at the [[Fleet Review]] at [[Spithead]] for the [[Diamond Jubilee]] of [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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''Repulse'' departed England on 5 April 1902 for service with the [[Mediterranean Fleet]],<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval and Military intelligence|date=7 April 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36735| }}</ref> and arrived at [[Malta]] two weeks later.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |date=17 April 1902 |page_number=7 |issue=36744|}}</ref> In the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], she took part in combined exercises of the Mediterranean Fleet, Channel Fleet, and the [[Cruiser Squadron]] off [[Cephalonia]] and [[Morea]] between 29 September and 6 October 1902. Completing her Mediterranean service, she departed Malta on 29 November 1903, arriving at [[Plymouth, England|Plymouth]] on 10 December 1903. She then paid off at [[Chatham Dockyard]] on 5 February 1904 for an extensive refit.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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In July 1897, ''Repulse'' took part in annual maneuvers, this time held off the coast of [[Ireland]]. In July and August 1899, when the annual maneuvers were held in the Atlantic, she participated as a unit of "Fleet A".<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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The refit complete, ''Repulse'' recommissioned at Chatham,<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> under the command of Captain [[Henry Totteham]],<ref name="dn"/> on 3 January 1905 for service in reserve with a nucleus crew.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> Captain [[Herbert Heath]] relieved Tottenham shortly afterwards on 27 February<ref name="dn"/> and the ship took part in Reserve Fleet maneuvers in July. She transferred that crew to the predreadnought battleship [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|''Irresistible'']] on 27 November 1906 and received new crew. On 25 February 1907, ''Repulse'' departed Chatham for [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]], to serve there as a special service vessel. The predreadnought battleship {{HMS|Majestic|1895|6}} relieved the ship of this duty on 2 August 1910. In December, ''Repulse'' moved to Portsmouth, where she was taken out of service in February 1911. She was sold for scrap on 11 July 1911 to T. W. Ward for £33,500, and arrived at [[Morecambe]] for to be broken up on 27 July.<ref>Burt, pp. 93–94</ref> |
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''Repulse'' suffered a mishap on 4 February 1900 when a strong tide forced her to collide with an anchored [[barge]] as she departed [[Sheerness]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times | articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Monday |date=5 February 1900 |page_number=11 |issue=36057| }}</ref> In August 1900, she again was involved in annual maneuvers in the Atlantic, this time as a unit of "Fleet A1." On 27 October 1901, she grounded in mud while under tow to her moorings, but was refloated undamaged two hours later.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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''Repulse'' departed England on 5 April 1902 for service with the [[Mediterranean Fleet]],<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval and Military intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=7 April 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36735| }}</ref> and arrived at [[Malta]] two weeks later.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Thursday |date=17 April 1902 |page_number=7 |issue=36744|}}</ref> In the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], she took part in combined exercises of the Mediterranean Fleet, [[Channel Fleet]], and [[Cruiser Squadron]] off [[Cephalonia]] and [[Morea]] between 29 September 1902 and 6 October 1902. Completing her Mediterranean service, she departed [[Malta]] on 29 November 1903, arriving at [[Plymouth, England|Plymouth]] on 10 December 1903. She then paid off at [[Chatham Dockyard]] on 5 February 1904 for an extensive refit.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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The refit complete, ''Repulse'' recommissioned at Chatham on 3 January 1905 for service in reserve with a nucleus crew. She recommissioned there with a fresh nucleus crew for continued reserve service on 6 June 1905. In July 1905 she took part in Reserve Fleet maneuvers.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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On 24 March 1906, ''Repulse'' recommissioned at Chatham with a new nucleus crew for further reserve service. She transferred that crew to battleship [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS ''Irresistible'']] on 27 November 1906 and recommissioned to continue reserve service at Chatham with yet another new nucleus crew.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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On 25 February 1907, ''Repulse'' departed Chatham for [[Devonport, Devon|Devonport]], to serve there as a special service vessel. Battleship {{HMS|Majestic|1895|6}} relieved ''Repulse'' of this duty on 2 August 1910. In December 1910, ''Repulse'' moved to Portsmouth, where she paid off in February 1911. She was sold for scrapping on 11 July 1911, and arrived at [[Morecambe]] for scrapping on 27 July 1911.<ref name="Burt, p. 82"/> |
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==Commanding officers== |
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* Captain R. F. O. Foot, CMG - ''in early 1900''<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Tuesday |date=23 January 1900 |page_number=12 |issue=36046|}}</ref> |
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* Captain Spencer H. N. Login - ''in 1901''<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval and Military intelligence |day_of_week=Thursday |date=28 February 1901 |page_number=6 |issue=36390| }}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Burt |
*{{cite book|last=Burt|first=R. A.|title=British Battleships 1889–1904|year=2013|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-065-8}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|lastauthoramp=y|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |
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*{{colledge}} |
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| last1 = Chesneau |
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*{{cite book|editor=Gardiner, Robert|title=Steam, Steel and Shellfire: The Steam Warship 1815–1905|series=Conway's History of the Ship|year=1992|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=1-55750-774-0}} |
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| first1 = Roger |
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*{{cite book|last=Parkes|first=Oscar|title=British Battleships|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1990|edition=reprint of the 1957|isbn=1-55750-075-4}} |
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| last2 = Koleśnik |
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*{{cite book|last1=Phillips|first1=Lawrie; Lieutenant Commander|title=Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History|date=2014|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK|isbn=978-0-7509-5214-9}} |
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| first2 = Eugène M. |
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*{{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}} |
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| last3 = Campbell |
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| first3 = N.J.M. |
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| year = 1979 |
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| title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905 |
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| publisher = Conway Maritime Press |
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| location = London |
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| isbn = 0-85177-133-5 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Portal|Battleships}} |
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{{Commonscat|HMS Repulse (1892)}} |
{{Commonscat|HMS Repulse (1892)}} |
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{{Portal|Battleships}} |
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{{Royal_Sovereign_class battleship}} |
{{Royal_Sovereign_class battleship}} |
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Revision as of 17:13, 24 April 2016
 A postcard of Repulse underway
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Repulse |
| Ordered | 1889 Naval Programme |
| Builder | Pembroke Dockyard |
| Cost | £915,302 |
| Way number | No. 1 |
| Laid down | 1 January 1890 |
| Launched | 27 February 1892 |
| Completed | 21 April 1894 |
| Commissioned | 25 April 1894 |
| Decommissioned | February 1911 |
| Fate | Sold for scrap, 11 July 1911 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Class and type | Template:Sclass- predreadnought battleship |
| Displacement | 14,150 long tons (14,380 t) |
| Length | 380 ft (115.8 m) (pp) |
| Beam | 75 ft (22.9 m) |
| Draught | 27 ft 6 in (8.4 m) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 shafts; 2 Triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) |
| Range | 4,720 nmi (8,740 km; 5,430 mi) @ 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 670 |
| Armament |
|
| Armour | |
HMS Repulse was one of seven Royal Sovereign-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. Assigned to the Channel Fleet after commissioning in 1894, she participated in a series of annual manoeuvres, and the Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Fleet Review, before redeploying in 1902 to the Mediterranean Fleet. She served there until December 1903, when she returned home for an extensive refit. After its completion in 1905, Repulse was assigned to the Reserve Fleet until she was sold for scrap in 1911.
Design and description
The design of the Royal Sovereign-class ships was derived from that of the Template:Sclass2- battleships, greatly enlarged to improve seakeeping and to provide space for a secondary armament as in the preceding Template:Sclass- battleships.[1] The ships displaced 14,150 long tons (14,380 t) at normal load and 15,580 long tons (15,830 t) at deep load. They had a length between perpendiculars of 380 feet (115.8 m) and were 410 feet 6 inches (125.1 m) long overall, a beam of 75 feet (22.9 m), and a draught of 27 feet 6 inches (8.4 m).[2] As a flagship, Repulse's crew consisted of 670 officers and ratings in 1903.[3]
Repulse was powered by a pair of three-cylinder, vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft. Her Humphrys & Tennant engines[2] were designed to produce a total of 11,000 indicated horsepower (8,200 kW) and a maximum speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) using steam provided by eight cylindrical boilers with forced draught. The ship reached a speed of 17.8 knots (33.0 km/h; 20.5 mph) during her sea trials. The Royal Sovereign-class ships carried a maximum of 1,420 long tons (1,443 t) of coal which gave them a range of 4,720 nautical miles (8,740 km; 5,430 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[4]
_barbette_interior.jpg)
Their main armament consisted of four breech-loading (BL) 13.5-inch (343 mm) guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.[5] Each gun was provided with 80 rounds.[3] Their secondary armament consisted of ten quick-firing (QF) 6-inch (152 mm) guns.[2] 200 rounds per gun were carried by the ships.[3] Sixteen QF 6-pounder (2.2 in (57 mm)) and a dozen QF 3-pounder (1.9 in (47 mm)) Hotchkiss guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. The two 3-pounders in the upper fighting top were removed by 1902 and all of the remaining light guns from the lower fighting tops and main deck followed in 1905–09. Repulse carried seven 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes, although four were removed in 1902.[6]
The Royal Sovereigns' armour scheme was similar to that of the Trafalgars, as the waterline belt of compound armour only protected the area between the barbettes. The 14–18-inch (356–457 mm) belt was 238 feet (72.5 m) long and had a total height of 8 feet 8 inches (2.6 m) of which 5 feet (1.5 m) was below water. Transverse bulkheads 14–16 inches (356–406 mm) thick closed off the ends of the belt. Above the belt was a strake of 4-inch (102 mm) nickel-steel armour closed off by 3-inch (76 mm) transverse bulkheads.[2] The barbettes were protected by compound armour, ranging in thickness from 11 to 17 inches (279 to 432 mm) and the casemates for the 6-inch guns were protected by an equal thickness of armour. The thicknesses of the armour deck ranged from 2.5 to 3 inches (64 to 76 mm). The walls of the forward conning tower were 12–14 inches (305–356 mm) thick and the aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates.[3]
Construction and career
.jpg)
Repulse was the tenth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy.[7] She was ordered under the Naval Defence Act Programme of 1889 and laid down on 1 January 1890 on Pembroke Dockyard's No. 1 Slipway. The ship was launched on 27 February 1892 by Lady Philipps, wife of Sir Charles Philipps, Bt, Lord Lieutenant of Haverfordwest. The ship was transferred to Portsmouth Dockyard on 5 December,[8] where she was completed on 21 April 1894,[9] at a cost of £915,302.[10] Repulse commissioned there, commanded by Captain Burges Watson,[11] four days later to relieve the ironclad battleship Rodney in the Channel Fleet. She participated in annual maneuvers in the Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean in August as a unit of the "Blue Fleet." From 19 to 24 June 1895, the ship was part of the squadron that visited Germany for the opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. In July–August 1895, Repulse again took part in the annual manoeuvres[12] and Watson was relieved by Captain Ernest Rolfe on 10 October.[11] The ship participated in the manoeuvres again in July 1896, when they were held in the Southwest Approaches and the ship was a unit of "Fleet A." Repulse accidentally collided with her sister ship Resolution on 18 July, but sustained no significant damage.[12] On 23 December, there was an explosion in one of her coal bunkers that injured nine men.[13]
On 26 June 1897, the ship was present at the Fleet Review at Spithead for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The following month, Repulse took part in the annual maneuvers, this time held off the coast of Ireland.[12] On 21 December, Captain Robert Groome assumed command of the ship; he was relieved by Captain Randolph Foote on 28 June 1899.[11] In July and August, when the annual maneuvers were held in the Atlantic, she participated as a unit of "Fleet A".[12] Repulse suffered a mishap on 4 February 1900 when a strong tide forced her to collide with an anchored barge as she departed Sheerness.[14] In August 1900, she again was involved in annual maneuvers in the Atlantic, this time as a unit of "Fleet A1."[12] The following month, Foote was replaced by Captain Spencer Login on the 18th.[11] On 27 October 1901, she ran aground in mud while under tow to her moorings, but was refloated undamaged two hours later.[12]
Repulse departed England on 5 April 1902 for service with the Mediterranean Fleet,[15] and arrived at Malta two weeks later.[16] In the Mediterranean, she took part in combined exercises of the Mediterranean Fleet, Channel Fleet, and the Cruiser Squadron off Cephalonia and Morea between 29 September and 6 October 1902. Completing her Mediterranean service, she departed Malta on 29 November 1903, arriving at Plymouth on 10 December 1903. She then paid off at Chatham Dockyard on 5 February 1904 for an extensive refit.[12]
The refit complete, Repulse recommissioned at Chatham,[12] under the command of Captain Henry Totteham,[11] on 3 January 1905 for service in reserve with a nucleus crew.[12] Captain Herbert Heath relieved Tottenham shortly afterwards on 27 February[11] and the ship took part in Reserve Fleet maneuvers in July. She transferred that crew to the predreadnought battleship Irresistible on 27 November 1906 and received new crew. On 25 February 1907, Repulse departed Chatham for Devonport, to serve there as a special service vessel. The predreadnought battleship HMS Majestic relieved the ship of this duty on 2 August 1910. In December, Repulse moved to Portsmouth, where she was taken out of service in February 1911. She was sold for scrap on 11 July 1911 to T. W. Ward for £33,500, and arrived at Morecambe for to be broken up on 27 July.[17]
Notes
- ^ Gardiner, p. 116; Parkes, pp. 359
- ^ a b c d Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 32
- ^ a b c d Burt, p. 73
- ^ Burt, pp. 73, 85
- ^ Parkes, p. 355
- ^ Burt, pp. 73, 85, 87, 93
- ^ Colledge, pp. 291–92
- ^ Phillips, pp. 245–46
- ^ Silverstone, p. 262
- ^ Parkes, p. 355
- ^ a b c d e f "H.M.S. Repulse (1892)". www.dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Burt, p. 93
- ^ "H.M.S. Repulse". Trove. Adelaide Observer. 28 Dec 1895. p. 27. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36057. London. 5 February 1900. p. 11. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Naval and Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36735. London. 7 April 1902. p. 8. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36744. London. 17 April 1902. p. 7. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ Burt, pp. 93–94
References
- Burt, R. A. (2013). British Battleships 1889–1904. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-065-8.
- Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1992). Steam, Steel and Shellfire: The Steam Warship 1815–1905. Conway's History of the Ship. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 1-55750-774-0.
- Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships (reprint of the 1957 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
- Phillips, Lawrie; Lieutenant Commander (2014). Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5214-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS Repulse (1892).