Mount Rainier National Park: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m →External links: copyedit,refine category structure, general fixes using AWB using AWB |
←Replaced content with 'ÀÀÂČç [[|thumb]] lk'''kjk'''kk''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''''''''''''''' Tags: extraneous markup blanking |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
ÀÀÂČç |
|||
{{Infobox protected area |
|||
[[thumb]] |
|||
| name = Mount Rainier National Park |
|||
lk'''kjk'''kk''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text''''''''''''''''''''' |
|||
| iucn_category = II |
|||
| photo = Mount Rainier from above Myrtle Falls in August.JPG |
|||
| photo_caption = Mount Rainier from above Myrtle Falls |
|||
| photo_width = 300 |
|||
| map = USA |
|||
| relief = 1 |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| location = [[Pierce County, Washington|Pierce County]] and [[Lewis County, Washington]], [[United States|USA]] |
|||
| nearest_city = [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]] |
|||
| lat_d = 46 | lat_m = 51 | lat_NS = N |
|||
| long_d = 121 | long_m = 45 | long_EW = W |
|||
| region = US |
|||
| coords_ref = |
|||
| area = {{convert|236,381|acre|sqmi ha km2|lk=on|0}}<ref name=area>{{NPS area|year=2011|accessdate=2012-03-07}}</ref> |
|||
| visitation_num = 1,038,229 |
|||
| visitation_year = 2011 |
|||
| visitation_ref = <ref name=visits>{{NPS Visitation|accessdate=2012-03-07}}</ref> |
|||
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]] |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Mount Rainier National Park''' is a [[List of national parks of the United States|United States National Park]] located in southeast [[Pierce County, Washington|Pierce County]] and northeast [[Lewis County, Washington|Lewis County]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] state.<ref name=StanleyMaps2000>{{Cite map|publisher=Stanley Maps|title=Mount Rainier National Park|scale=1:30,000|year=2000|edition=Centennial|cartography=Charles B. Kitterman/Kulshan Cartographic Services|isbn=0-9662209-4-3}}</ref> It was established on March 2, 1899 as the fifth national park in the United States. The park encompasses {{convert|236,381|acre|sqmi km2|2}}<ref name=area/> including all of [[Mount Rainier]], a {{convert|14,411|ft|adj=on}} [[stratovolcano]].<ref>http://www.nps.gov/mora/naturescience/index.htm</ref> The mountain rises abruptly from the surrounding land with elevations in the park ranging from 1,600 feet to over 14,000 feet (490 - 4,300 m). The highest point in the [[Cascade Range]], around it are valleys, waterfalls, [[Montane ecology#Subalpine zone|subalpine]] [[meadow]]s, [[old-growth forest]] and more than 25 [[glacier]]s. The volcano is often shrouded in clouds that dump enormous amounts of rain and snow on the peak every year and hide it from the crowds that head to the park on weekends. |
|||
Mount Rainier is circled by the [[Wonderland Trail]] and is covered by several glaciers and snowfields totaling some {{convert|35|sqmi}}. [[Carbon Glacier]] is the largest glacier by volume in the [[contiguous United States]], while [[Emmons Glacier]] is the largest glacier by area. About 1.8 million people visit Mount Rainier National Park each year. Mount Rainier is a popular peak for [[mountaineering]] with some 10,000 attempts per year with approximately 50% making it to the summit. |
|||
The park contains outstanding subalpine meadows and {{convert|91000|acre|ha}} of old growth forests.<ref name=1993OldGrowthEstimates>{{Cite book|last1= Bolsinger|first1=Charles L.|last2=Waddell|first2=Karen L.|year=1993|title=Area of old-growth forests in California, Oregon, and Washington|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rb197.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=[[United States Forest Service]], Pacific Northwest Research Station|id=Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-197}}</ref> |
|||
==History== |
|||
[[File:MtRainier.JPG|thumb|Mt. Rainier National Park view.]] |
|||
[[File:Ohanapecosh Glacier 22942.JPG|thumb|Ohanapecosh Park is one of many named subalpine areas that may be reached via the [[Wonderland Trail]].]] |
|||
Ninety-seven percent of the park is preserved as [[wilderness]] under the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], including [[Clearwater Wilderness]] and [[Mount Rainier Wilderness]], a designation it received in 1988. It is abutted by the [[Tatoosh Wilderness]]. The park was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on 18 February 1997 as a showcase for the [[National Park Service Rustic]] style architecture (or ''parkitecture'') of the 1920s and 1930s, exemplified by the [[Paradise Inn (Washington)|Paradise Inn]] and a masterpiece of early NPS master planning. As an Historic Landmark district, the park was administratively listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2212&ResourceType=District |title=Mount Rainier National Park |accessdate=2008-06-26|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> In January 1, 2012 Park Ranger Margaret Anderson was shot dead while stopping a vehicle. The suspected assailant Benjamin Colton Barnes fled and hid in the park, prompting the authorities to close the park and launch a [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunt]].<ref name=bbc_2012_0102/> Barnes' body was found the following day.<ref name=cnn_2012_0103/> |
|||
===Native Americans=== |
|||
The earliest evidence of human activity in the area which is now Mount Rainier National Park is a projectile point dated to circa 4,000-5,800 BP ([[Before Present|before present]]) found along Bench Lake Trail (the first section of [[Snow Lake (Mount Rainier)|Snow Lake]] Trail).<ref name = "NpsAdminHistoryI"> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/mora/adhi/adhi1.htm |
|||
| title = Part One: The Cultural Setting. I. Historical Overview Of Indians And Mount Rainier |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-06-05 |
|||
| date = 24 July 2000 |
|||
| work = Mount Rainier Administrative History |
|||
| publisher = [[National Park Service]] |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref><ref name = "NpsBurtchard4a"/> |
|||
A more substantial archeological find was a rock shelter near Fryingpan Creek, east of Goat Island Mountain. Hunting artifacts were found in the shelter. The shelter would not have been used all year round. Cultural affinities suggest the site was used by [[Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation|Columbia Plateau Tribes]] from 1000 to 300 BP.<ref name ="NpsAdminHistoryI" /><ref name = "NpsBurtchard4a" /> |
|||
In 1963 the National Park Service contracted the [[Washington State University]] to study [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] use of the Mount Rainier area. Richard D. Daugherty lead an archeological study of the area and concluded that prehistoric humans used the area most heavily between 8000 and 4500 BP. Allan H. Smith interviewed elderly Native Americans and studied ethnographic literature. He found no evidence of permanent habitation in the park area. The park was used for [[Hunter-gatherer|hunting and gathering]] and for occasional [[Vision quest|spirit quests]]. Smith also came to tentative conclusions that the park was divided among five tribes along watershed boundaries; the [[Nisqually (tribe)|Nisqually]], [[Puyallup (tribe)|Puyallup]], [[Muckleshoot]], [[Yakama]], and [[Taidnapam]] (Upper Cowlitz). Subsequent studies cast doubt on Smith's theory that the tribes had agreed upon boundaries before they entered into treaties with the United States in 1854-55.<ref name ="NpsAdminHistoryI" /> |
|||
===Fauna=== |
|||
Mammals that inhabit this national park are especially [[cougar]]s, [[coyote]]s, [[American black bear|black bear]]s, [[snowshoe hare]]s, [[weasel]]s, [[Mole (animal)|mole]]s, [[North American beaver|beaver]]s, [[red fox]]es, [[bobcat]]s, [[raccoon]]s, [[skunk]]s, [[deer]], [[shrew]]s, [[pika]]s, [[elk]], and [[mountain goat]]s. The common birds of this park including raptors are [[thrush (bird)|thrush]]es, [[chickadee]]s, [[kinglet]]s, [[northern goshawk]]s, [[willow flycatcher]]s, [[Northern spotted owl|spotted owl]]s, [[steller's jay]]s, [[Clark's nutcracker]]s, [[bald eagle]]s, [[lagopus|ptarmigan]]s, [[harlequin duck]]s, [[grouse]]s, [[peregrine falcon]]s, [[gray jay]]s, [[golden eagle]]s, [[grosbeak]]s and [[finch]]es. |
|||
===Park creation=== |
|||
{{Quote box |
|||
| width = 350px |
|||
| align = right |
|||
| quote = The Mount Rainier Forest Preserve should be made a national park and guarded while yet its bloom is on; for if in the making of the West Nature had what we call parks in mind—places for rest, inspiration, and prayers—this Rainier region must surely be one of them. |
|||
| source = [[John Muir]]<ref name=duncan/>}} |
|||
[[File:John Muir at summit Mount Rainier 1888.jpg|thumb|right|At the summit of Mount Rainier, 1888. Left to right: D.W. Bass, [[P. B. Van Trump]], [[John Muir]], N.O. Booth, [[Edward Sturgis Ingraham]]. Photograph by Arthur Churchill Warner]] |
|||
On March 2, 1899, President [[William McKinley]] signed a bill passed by Congress authorizing the creation of Mount Rainier National Park, the nation's fifth national park.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carson |first1=Rob |first2=Craig|last2=Hill |title=Rainier Timeline |publisher=The News Tribune |url=http://www.thenewstribune.com/2007/10/08/174139/rainier-timeline.html |accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref> It was the first national park created from a [[United States National Forest|national forest]].<ref name=duncan/> The [[Pacific Forest Reserve]] had been created in 1893 and included Mount Rainier. It was enlarged in 1897 and renamed [[Mount Rainier Forest Reserve]]. [[John Muir]] had visited Mount Rainier in 1888. Muir and nine others, including [[Edward Sturgis Ingraham]], [[Charles Piper]], and [[P. B. Van Trump]], climbed to the summit in what became the fifth recorded ascent.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Climbs on Mt. Rainier |publisher=Tacoma Public Library |url=http://mtn.tpl.lib.wa.us/climbs/climbing/chronology/ |accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Transcribed from "John Muir's Ascent of Mt. Rainier" |publisher=University of Washington |url=http://content.lib.washington.edu/warnerweb/essay.html |accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref> The trip to Mount Rainier had played a role in reinvigorating Muir and convincing him to rededicate his life to the preservation of nature as national parks. At the time national forests, called forest reserves at first, were being created throughout the American West, under the utilitarian "conservation-through-use" view of [[Gifford Pinchot]]. Muir was what came to be known as a "preservationist". He wanted nature preserved under the more protected status of national parks. But during the 1890s there was more public support for creating national forests than national parks. During that decade, Muir and his supporters were only able to protect one national forest as a national park. When the Pacific Forest Reserve was created in 1893, Muir quickly persuaded the newly formed [[Sierra Club]] to support a movement to protect Rainier as a national park. Other groups soon joined, such as the [[National Geographic Society]] and scientific associations wanting Mount Rainier preserved as a place to study [[volcanism]] and [[glaciology]]. Commercial leaders in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]] and [[Seattle]] were also in support, as was the [[Northern Pacific Railway]]. The effort lasted over five years and involved six different attempts to push a bill through Congress. Congress eventually agreed, but only after acquiring assurances that none of the new park was suitable for farming or mining and that no federal appropriations would be necessary for its management.<ref name=duncan>{{cite book |last1=Duncan |first1=Dayton |first2=Ken|last2=Burns |title=The National Parks: America's Best Idea |year=2009 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-307-26896-9 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9lgUtQD01EAC&pg=PT48 |pages=48–51, 84–86}}</ref> |
|||
===2006 flooding=== |
|||
Mount Rainier National Park closed because of extensive flooding as a result of the 6 November 2006 [[Pineapple Express]] rainstorm when {{convert|18|in|mm|-1}} of rain fell in a 36-hour period. Campsites and roads throughout the park were washed away. Power to Paradise and Longmire was disrupted.<ref name="nps-parknews-11-06"> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://home.nps.gov/mora/parknews/november-2006-flooding.htm |
|||
| title = November 2006 Flooding |
|||
| work = Mount Rainier National Park |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-30 |
|||
}}</ref> On 5 May 2007, the park reopened to automobile traffic via [[Washington State Route 706|State Route 706]] at the Nisqually Entrance.<ref name="SeattlePI07-05-05"> |
|||
{{cite news |
|||
| first = Debera |
|||
| last = Carlton Harrell |
|||
| title = Battered Mt. Rainier to reopen |
|||
| date = 5 May 2007 |
|||
| url = http://www.seattlepi.com/local/314551_rainier05.html |
|||
| work = [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-22 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
==Major attractions== |
|||
[[File:NisquallyEntranceMRNP.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Nisqually entrance]] |
|||
The entire park was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] District on February 18, 1997, in recognition of the consistently high standard of design and preservation the park's [[National Park Service Rustic]]-style architecture.<ref name=nrhpnom1>{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Historic Resources of Mount Rainier National Park MPS |url=https://fortress.wa.gov/dahp/wisaard/documents/RN/0/1/1580.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> The park contains [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Mount Rainier National Park|42 locations]] designated on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], including four National Historic Landmarks. |
|||
[[File:Mt Rainier from trail in park.JPG|thumb|Mt Rainier from trail in park]] |
|||
===Paradise=== |
|||
[[File:Mt Rainier Panorama from the south.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|View of the south face of Mount Rainier from Skyline Trail, a hiking trail in Paradise.]] |
|||
{{main|Paradise, Washington}} |
|||
'''Paradise''' ({{coord|46.79|N|121.74|W|type:landmark|name=Paradise}}<ref name="USGSRainierEastMap"> |
|||
{{Cite map |
|||
| publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] |
|||
| title = Mount Rainier East, Washington |
|||
| year = 1971 |
|||
| scale = 1 : 24,000 |
|||
| series = 7,5 Minute Series (Topographic) |
|||
| isbn = 0-607-01198-X |
|||
}} Coordinate measured using National Geographic TOPO! Software Version 3.4.3.</ref>) is the name of an area at approximately {{Convert|5400|ft|m|-2}} on the south slope of Mount Rainier in the national park. Paradise is the most popular destination for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park.<ref name="Pitcher"> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| last = Pitcher |
|||
| first = Don |
|||
| title = Moon Handbooks Washington |
|||
| edition = 7th |
|||
| series = Moon Handbooks |
|||
| date = 12 June 2002 |
|||
| publisher = Avalon Travel Publishing |
|||
| pages = 615–616 |
|||
| isbn = 1-56691-386-1 |
|||
}}</ref> 62% of the over 1.3 million people who visited the park in 2000 went to Paradise.<ref name="NpsVisitorStudy"> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nps.gov/mora/current/VSP.pdf |
|||
| title = Mount Rainier National Park Visitor Study Brochure |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-22 |
|||
| date = 31 March 2003 |
|||
| format = PDF |
|||
| work = Visitor Services Project |
|||
| publisher = National Park Service |
|||
}}</ref> Paradise, near the subalpine valley of the [[Paradise River]], is the location of the historic [[Paradise Inn (Washington)|Paradise Inn]] (built 1916),<ref name="PBS"> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| last1 = Barnes |
|||
| first1 = Christine |
|||
| author2 = Pfulghoft, Fred (Photographer) | author3 = Morris, David (Photographer) |
|||
| title = Great Lodges of the National Parks: The Companion Book to the PBS Television Series |
|||
| publisher = W W West |
|||
|date=April 2002 |
|||
| pages = 48–57 |
|||
| isbn = 0-9653924-5-7 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> [[Paradise Guide House]] (built 1920) and [[Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center]] (built 1966;<ref name="NpsCentennial">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nps.gov/features/mora_cenn/sixties/sixties.htm |
|||
| title = Mt. Rainier National Park Centennial Timeline 1960s |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-22 |
|||
| year = 1999 |
|||
| work = Mount Rainier National Park Centennial Celebration |
|||
| publisher = National Park Service |
|||
| quote = 1966: The Paradise Visitor Center (in 1987 dedicated as the Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center), is opened to the public in September. |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
demolished and replaced, 2008). |
|||
<ref name="NewLodge">{{cite news |
|||
| url = http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008246817_rainiervc10m.html |
|||
| title = Paradise rediscovered — new Mount Rainier visitor center opens |
|||
| accessdate = 2009-07-27 |
|||
| work = Seattle Times website |
|||
| publisher = Seattle Times |
|||
| quote = The new visitor center, at the park's premier destination, opens today. |
|||
| first=Sandi |
|||
| last=Doughton |
|||
| date=10 October 2008 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
====Climate==== |
|||
The [[National Park Service]] says that "Paradise is the snowiest place on Earth where snowfall is measured regularly."<ref name="NpsFaq"/> {{convert|1122|inch|m}} of snow fell during the winter of 1971/72, setting a world record for that year.<ref name="NpsFaq" /><ref name="NpsSnowfall"> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nps.gov/mora/planyourvisit/upload/annual%20snowfall.pdf |
|||
| title = Annual Snowfall at Paradise 1920 to 2002 |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-22 |
|||
| date = 12 January 2007 |
|||
| format = PDF |
|||
| publisher = National Park Service |
|||
}}</ref> Subsequently, in the winter of 1998/99, Mount Baker Ski Area received {{convert|1140|inch|m}}.<ref name="NOAA report"> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases99/aug99/noaa99056.html |
|||
|title=Mt. Baker Holds Snowfall Record, NOAA reports |
|||
|accessdate=2011-09-16 |
|||
|date= 2 August 1999 |
|||
|publisher=NOAA |
|||
}}</ref> Paradise holds the Cascade Range record for most snow on the ground with {{convert|367|inch|m|sigfig=3}} on 10 March 1956.<ref name=" Andalkar"/> |
|||
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the park has a [[subarctic climate]] (''Dfc'') with a drying trend in the summer. |
|||
{{Weather box |
|||
|location = Paradise (1981–2010) |
|||
|single line = Y |
|||
|Jan record high F = 65 |
|||
|Feb record high F = 62 |
|||
|Mar record high F = 70 |
|||
|Apr record high F = 78 |
|||
|May record high F = 88 |
|||
|Jun record high F = 86 |
|||
|Jul record high F = 87 |
|||
|Aug record high F = 94 |
|||
|Sep record high F = 89 |
|||
|Oct record high F = 88 |
|||
|Nov record high F = 78 |
|||
|Dec record high F = 66 |
|||
|year record high F = 94 |
|||
|Jan high F = 34.9 |
|||
|Feb high F = 35.7 |
|||
|Mar high F = 37.9 |
|||
|Apr high F = 42.1 |
|||
|May high F = 49.3 |
|||
|Jun high F = 54.7 |
|||
|Jul high F = 63.3 |
|||
|Aug high F = 64.5 |
|||
|Sep high F = 58.1 |
|||
|Oct high F = 47.9 |
|||
|Nov high F = 37.3 |
|||
|Dec high F = 33.8 |
|||
|year high F = 46.6 |
|||
|Jan low F = 22.5 |
|||
|Feb low F = 22.1 |
|||
|Mar low F = 23.7 |
|||
|Apr low F = 25.9 |
|||
|May low F = 31.8 |
|||
|Jun low F = 36.2 |
|||
|Jul low F = 42.7 |
|||
|Aug low F = 43.9 |
|||
|Sep low F = 39.7 |
|||
|Oct low F = 32.3 |
|||
|Nov low F = 24.7 |
|||
|Dec low F = 21.1 |
|||
|year low F = 30.6 |
|||
|Jan record low F = -13 |
|||
|Feb record low F = -18 |
|||
|Mar record low F = -2 |
|||
|Apr record low F = 2 |
|||
|May record low F = 13 |
|||
|Jun record low F = 13 |
|||
|Jul record low F = 20 |
|||
|Aug record low F = 26 |
|||
|Sep record low F = 18 |
|||
|Oct record low F = 2 |
|||
|Nov record low F = -11 |
|||
|Dec record low F = -20 |
|||
|year record low F = -20 |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|Jan precipitation inch = 18.24 |
|||
|Feb precipitation inch = 12.69 |
|||
|Mar precipitation inch = 12.56 |
|||
|Apr precipitation inch = 8.30 |
|||
|May precipitation inch = 5.89 |
|||
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.11 |
|||
|Jul precipitation inch = 1.95 |
|||
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.97 |
|||
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.71 |
|||
|Oct precipitation inch = 10.43 |
|||
|Nov precipitation inch = 20.28 |
|||
|Dec precipitation inch = 17.17 |
|||
|year precipitation inch = |
|||
|Jan snow inch = 118.7 |
|||
|Feb snow inch = 91.6 |
|||
|Mar snow inch = 90.6 |
|||
|Apr snow inch = 67.5 |
|||
|May snow inch = 26.1 |
|||
|Jun snow inch = 5.6 |
|||
|Jul snow inch = 0.3 |
|||
|Aug snow inch = 0.1 |
|||
|Sep snow inch = 1.4 |
|||
|Oct snow inch = 24.1 |
|||
|Nov snow inch = 120.9 |
|||
|Dec snow inch = 124.0 |
|||
|year snow inch = |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 21.1 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 17.8 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 21.5 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 18.8 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 15.4 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 12.8 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 7.3 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 6.6 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 15.0 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 21.7 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 21.1 |
|||
|year precipitation days = |
|||
|unit snow days = 0.1 in |
|||
|Jan snow days = 18.5 |
|||
|Feb snow days = 15.9 |
|||
|Mar snow days = 19.5 |
|||
|Apr snow days = 14.4 |
|||
|May snow days = 7.9 |
|||
|Jun snow days = 2.5 |
|||
|Jul snow days = 0.2 |
|||
|Aug snow days = 0.1 |
|||
|Sep snow days = 0.7 |
|||
|Oct snow days = 6.2 |
|||
|Nov snow days = 16.6 |
|||
|Dec snow days = 19.0 |
|||
|year snow days = |
|||
|source 1 = NOAA (normals, 1981–2010)<ref name= NCDC >{{cite web |
|||
| url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00456898.normals.txt |
|||
| title = WA Rainier Paradise RS |
|||
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |
|||
| accessdate = October 27, 2013 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = Western Regional Climate Center (extremes 1916–present)<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa6898 |title=RAINIER PARADISE RNGER, WASHINGTON|publisher=Western Regional Climate Center}}</ref>|date=August 2010}} |
|||
===Longmire=== |
|||
{{main|Longmire, Washington}} |
|||
[[File:Mount Rainier Admin Building.jpg|thumb|right|National Park Service 1928 Administration Building at Longmire]] '''Longmire''' ({{coord|46.75|N|121.81|W|type:landmark|name=Longmire Visitors Centre}}) is a [[visitor center]] in Mount Rainier National Park, located {{Convert|6.5|mi|km|1}} east of the Nisqually Entrance. The area is in the [[Nisqually River]] valley at an elevation of {{Convert|2761|ft|m|0}}<ref name="Filley"> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| author = Filley, Bette |
|||
| year = 2002 |
|||
| title = Discovering the Wonders of the Wonderland Trail: Encircling Mount Rainier (5th edition) |
|||
| publisher = Dunamis House |
|||
| pages = 37 |
|||
| isbn = 1-880405-09-1 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> between The Ramparts Ridge and the [[Tatoosh Range]]. Longmire is surrounded by old-growth [[Douglas fir]], [[western red cedar]] and [[western hemlock]]. |
|||
Longmire is the location of Mount Rainier's National Park Inn, the Longmire Museum, and the 1928 National Park Service Administration Building, which is now a Wilderness Information Center. The National Park Inn is the only accommodation in the park open all year round.<ref name="Scott"> |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
| last1 = Scott | first1 = Kay W. | last2 = Scott | first2= David L. |
|||
| title = The Complete Guide to the National Park Lodges, 3rd |
|||
| publisher = Globe Pequot | date=February 2002 |
|||
| pages = 193 ¬ 194 |
|||
| isbn = 0-7627-1197-3 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> |
|||
Longmire is the second most popular destination for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park after Paradise. Of the more than 1.3 million people who visited the park in 2000, 38% visited Longmire.<ref name="NpsVisitorStudy" /> The Cougar Rock [[campsite|Campground]] is about {{Convert|2|mi}} north west of Longmire <ref name="StanleyMaps2000" /> with 173 individual campsites and 5 group sites and open from late May through late September. Longmire is one of the starting points of the [[Wonderland Trail]]. |
|||
===Sunrise=== |
|||
{{main|Sunrise, Washington}} |
|||
[[File:Mount Rainier 6909h.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Emmons Glacier]] (upper left) dominates the northeast face of Mount Rainier in the view from the [[Subalpine zone|subalpine meadow]]s of Sunrise (lower right).]] |
|||
'''Sunrise''' ({{coord|46.91|N|121.64|W|type:landmark|name=Sunrise Visitors Centre}}) is a lodge and [[visitor center]] located in the northeastern part of the park. At an elevation of {{convert|6400|ft|sigfig=3}}, it is the highest point in the park that is accessible by vehicle. There are [[Wonderland Trail|miles of trails]] located all around Sunrise, such as [[Mount Fremont]] and [[Sourdough Ridge]]. The lodge is reachable via a {{convert|10|mi|adj=on}} turnoff from [[Washington State Route 410|SR 410]] near the [[White River (Washington)|White River]] entrance. |
|||
===Other developed areas=== |
|||
[[File:Christine Falls.jpg|thumb|left|[[Christine Falls]], one of many waterfalls visible from a short walk from the main road.]] |
|||
''Ohanapecosh'' {{IPAc-en|oʊ|ˈ|h|æ|n|ə|p|ɨ|k|ɔː|ʃ}} is a campground (with 188 individual sites and 2 group sites, open from late May through late September), visitor center (closed during the 2013 season), and [[National Park Ranger|ranger]] station located in the southeastern portion of the park, approximately {{convert|3|mi|km}} from the park boundary off [[Washington State Route 123|Highway 123]]. Located in a deep valley among old growth forest at an elevation below {{convert|2000|ft|m}}, it is the only developed area of the park without a view of Mount Rainier. The Ohanapecosh Hot Springs, Grove of the Patriarchs, and Silver Falls are all located in the Ohanapecosh area. |
|||
The ''Carbon River Entrance Station'' is located in the northwest corner of the park off [[Washington State Route 165|Highway 165]] and is the site of the only [[rainforest]] at Mount Rainier. There is a campground and a short trail through the rainforest, as well as a trail to the Carbon Glacier, one of the lowest glaciers in the contiguous United States. |
|||
''Mowich Lake'' is the largest and deepest lake in the park, located south of Carbon at the south end of Highway 165. A campground, picnic area, and hiking trail are located near the lake. |
|||
The two major roads into the northwest quadrant of the Park were severely damaged by the floods of 2006. The ranger station at the Carbon River entrance is staffed during the summer. No motor vehicles are permitted beyond that point. |
|||
==See also== |
|||
{{Portal|Washington|Seattle}} |
|||
* [[Bibliography of Mount Rainier National Park]] |
|||
* [[Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Rainier National Park]] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
|||
<ref name=" Andalkar"> |
|||
{{Cite web | url = http://www.skimountaineer.com/CascadeSki/CascadeSnow.html |
|||
| last = Andalkar | first = Amar |
|||
| title = Skiing the Cascade Volcanoes |
|||
| publisher = Amar Andalkar's Ski Mountaineering and Climbing Site |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-30 |
|||
| date = April 2006 | origyear = December 2002}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=bbc_2012_0102> |
|||
{{Cite news | title=Manhunt in Mount Rainier park after US ranger shot dead |
|||
| publisher=[[BBC News]] | date=2 January 2012 |
|||
| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16381448 | accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=cnn_2012_0103> |
|||
{{Cite news | title = Troubled picture emerges of ranger killing suspect |
|||
| author1 = Gast, Phil | author2 = Pearson, Michael |
|||
| publisher = CNN | date = 3 January 2012 |
|||
| url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/03/justice/washington-ranger-killed/?hpt=us_c2 | accessdate = 2014-02-15}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name = "NpsBurtchard4a"> |
|||
{{Cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/mora/ncrd/archaeology/chap4b.htm |
|||
| title = Chapter 4: The 1995 Mount Rainier Archeological Reconnaissance |
|||
| last1 = Burtchard | first1 = Greg C. |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-06-05 |
|||
| others = with contributions by Stephen C. Hamilton and Richard H. McClure, Jr. |
|||
| date = 17 November 2004 | origyear = February 1998 |
|||
| work = Environment, Prehistory & Archaeology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington |
|||
| publisher = National Park Service, Seattle, Washington; International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc.}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="NpsFaq"> |
|||
{{Cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/mora/faqs.htm |
|||
| title = Mount Rainier National Park - Frequently Asked Questions (U.S. National Park Service) |
|||
| accessdate = 2007-05-22 |
|||
| date= 19 January 2007 | origyear = 4 August 2005 |
|||
| publisher = National Park Service}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
<!--Pierce County = Seattle--> |
|||
{{Commons}} |
|||
* National Park Service site: [http://www.nps.gov/mora/ Mount Rainier National Park] |
|||
* [http://data2.itc.nps.gov/parks/mora/ppMaps/ACFC070%2Epdf Park map] (PDF, 2 MB), provided by the [[National Park Service]] |
|||
* [http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2212&ResourceType=District National Historic Landmark information] |
|||
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/glacierweb/index.html University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Rainier National Park Mountain-Glacier Wonderland Photograph Album] 50 photographs from a promotional album (ca. 1925) for Mount Rainier National Park depicting tourist facilities, scenic views of the mountain and surrounding parkland, and recreational activities including mountaineering. |
|||
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Mount Rainier National Park}} |
|||
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/park_histories/index.htm#mora Electronic Documents] outlining the natural and cultural history of the park, including the complete Nature Notes (newsletter) series and the park's Administrative History [National Park Service] |
|||
{{National parks of the United States}} |
|||
{{Protected areas of Washington (state)}} |
|||
{{NRHP in Mount Rainier NP}} |
|||
{{Registered Historic Places}} |
|||
{{MtRainierNPWaterfalls}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1899]] |
|||
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Washington (state)]] |
|||
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Washington (state)]] |
|||
[[Category:Old growth forests]] |
|||
[[Category:Mount Rainier National Park| ]] |
|||
[[Category:Parks in Lewis County, Washington]] |
|||
[[Category:Parks in Pierce County, Washington]] |
|||
[[Category:Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)]] |
|||
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lewis County, Washington]] |
|||
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Pierce County, Washington]] |
|||
Revision as of 17:49, 19 May 2016
ÀÀÂČç thumb lk'kjkkk'Bold text''''Bold text''''Bold text''''Bold text''''''''''''''''