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'''''The Phantom of the Opera''''' (French: '''''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra''''') is a [[novel]] by French writer [[Gaston Leroux]]. It was first published as a serialisation in ''[[Le Gaulois]]'' from September 23, 1909, to January 8, 1910. It was published in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte.<ref name="Shah2016">{{cite journal |last=Shah |first=Raj |title=The Publication and Initial French Reception of Gaston Leroux's ''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra'' |journal=French Studies Bulletin|volume=37 |issue=138 |year=2016 |pages=13–16 |doi=10.1093/frebul/ktw004 }}</ref> The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the [[Paris Opera]] during the nineteenth century and an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupil's skeleton in [[Carl Maria von Weber]]'s 1841 production of ''[[Der Freischütz]]''.<ref name="Shah2014">{{cite journal |last=Shah |first=Raj |title=No Ordinary Skeleton: Unmasking the Secret Source of ''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra'' |journal=Forum for Modern Language Studies |volume=50 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=16–29 (17; 25n11) |doi=10.1093/fmls/cqt048 }}</ref> It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the [[The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)|1925 film depiction]] featuring [[Lon Chaney]] and [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s [[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|1986 musical]].
'''''The Phantom of the Opera''''' (French: '''''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra''''') is a [[novel]] by French writer [[Gaston Leroux]]. It was first published as a serialisation in ''[[Le Gaulois]]'' from September 23, 1909, to January 8, 1910. It was published in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte.<ref name="Shah2016">{{cite journal |last=Shah |first=Raj |title=The Publication and Initial French Reception of Gaston Leroux's ''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra'' |journal=French Studies Bulletin|volume=37 |issue=138 |year=2016 |pages=13–16 |doi=10.1093/frebul/ktw004 }}</ref> The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the [[Paris Opera]] during the nineteenth century and an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupil's skeleton in [[Carl Maria von Weber]]'s 1841 production of ''[[Der Freischütz]]''.<ref name="Shah2014">{{cite journal |last=Shah |first=Raj |title=No Ordinary Skeleton: Unmasking the Secret Source of ''Le Fantôme de l'Opéra'' |journal=Forum for Modern Language Studies |volume=50 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=16–29 (17; 25n11) |doi=10.1093/fmls/cqt048 }}</ref> It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the [[The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)|1925 film depiction]] featuring [[Lon Chaney]] and [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s [[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|1986 musical]].


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== Plot summary ==

Opera singer Christine triumphs at the [[festival|gala]] on the night of the old managers' retirement. Her old childhood friend, Raoul, hears her sing and recalls his love for Christine. At this time, there are rumors of a phantom living at the Opera and he makes himself known to the managers through letters and malevolent acts. Some time after the gala, the [[Paris Opera]] performs ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'', with the ''[[prima donna]]'' Carlotta playing the lead, against the Phantom's wishes. During the performance, Carlotta loses her voice and the grand chandelier plummets into the audience.

Christine is kidnapped by the phantom and is taken to his home in the cellars of the Opera where he identifies himself as Erik. He plans to keep her there for a few days, hoping she will come to love him. But she causes Erik to change his plans when she unmasks him and, to the horror of both, beholds his noseless, lipless, sunken-eyed face which resembles a skull dried up by the centuries, covered in yellowed dead flesh. Fearing that she will leave him, he decides to keep her with him forever, but when Christine requests release after two weeks, he agrees on condition that she wear his ring and be faithful to him.

On the roof of the opera house, Christine tells Raoul that Erik abducted her. Raoul promises to take Christine away to a place where Erik can never find her. Raoul tells Christine he shall act on his promise the next day, to which Christine agrees. She, however, has pity for Erik and will not go until she has sung a song for him one last time. Neither is aware that Erik has been listening to their conversation and that he has become extremely jealous.

The following night, Erik kidnaps Christine during a production of ''Faust'' and tries to force Christine to marry him. He states that if she refuses, he will use explosives (which he has planted in the cellars) to destroy the entire opera house. Christine refuses, until she realizes that Erik learned of Raoul's attempt to rescue her and has trapped Raoul in a hot torture chamber (along with the Persian, an old acquaintance of Erik who was going to help Raoul). To save them and the people above in the Opera, Christine agrees to marry Erik. Erik initially tries to drown Raoul and the Persian, using the water which would have been used to douse the explosives. But Christine begs and offers to be his "living bride", promising him not to kill herself after becoming his bride, as she had both contemplated and attempted earlier in the novel. Erik eventually rescues Raoul and the Persian from his torture chamber. When Erik is alone with Christine, he lifts his mask to kiss her on her forehead, and is given a kiss back. Erik reveals that he has never received a kiss (not even from his own mother) nor has been allowed to give one and is overcome with emotion. He and Christine then cry together and their tears "mingle". Erik later expresses that he has never felt so close to another human being.

Erik allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day, and return the gold ring he gave her. He also makes the Persian promise that afterwards he will go to the newspaper and report his death, as he will die soon and will die "of love". Indeed, some time later Christine returns to Erik's lair, buries him somewhere he'll never be found (by Erik's request) and returns the gold ring. Afterwards, a local newspaper runs the simple note: "Erik is dead".


== Characters ==
== Characters ==

Revision as of 07:15, 20 January 2017

This article is about the novel. For the musical and other uses, see The Phantom of the Opera (disambiguation).
The Phantom of the Opera
1920 edition [France]
AuthorGaston Leroux
Original titleLe Fantôme de l'Opéra
LanguageFrench
SubjectRomance, Mystery, Horror
GenreGothic novel
PublisherPierre Lafitte and Cie.
Publication date
September 23, 1909 to January 8, 1910
Publication placeFrance
Published in English
1911
Media typePrint (Serial)
Pages~190
OCLC15698188

The Phantom of the Opera (French: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra) is a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serialisation in Le Gaulois from September 23, 1909, to January 8, 1910. It was published in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte.[1] The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the Paris Opera during the nineteenth century and an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupil's skeleton in Carl Maria von Weber's 1841 production of Der Freischütz.[2] It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the 1925 film depiction featuring Lon Chaney and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical.

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Characters

  • Erik: The "Phantom of the Opera", "Angel of Music" and "Opera-Ghost."
  • Christine Daaé: A young Swedish soprano singer at the Paris Opera House with whom "The Phantom" falls in love.
  • Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny: Christine's childhood friend and love interest.
  • The Persian: A mysterious man from Erik's past.
  • Philippe, Comte de Chagny: Raoul's older brother.
  • Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard: The new managers of the opera house.
  • Madame Giry: Little Meg's mother, the box keeper.
  • Meg Giry: Madame Giry's only daughter, a ballet girl. Later becomes Madame la Baronne de Castelot-Barbezac.
  • Debienne and Poligny: The previous managers of the opera house.
  • Joseph Buquet: The chief scene-shifter.
  • La Carlotta: A spoiled prima donna; the lead soprano of the Paris Opera House.
  • Mercier: The scenery manager of the opera house.
  • Gabriel: The superstitious chorus master.
  • Mifroid: The commissary of police called in for Christine's disappearance.
  • Remy: The manager's secretary.
  • The inspector: An inspector hired to investigate the strange affairs concerning Box Five.
  • Shah and the Sultan: The two kings that tried to kill Erik after he made them a palace.
  • La Sorelli: the lead ballerina, with whom Comte de Chagny spent time.
  • Little Jammes: A mentioned ballerina at the Opera House.
  • Madame Valérius: Christine's elderly guardian.
  • Reyer : The manager of the opera house.

Adaptations

Further information: Adaptations of The Phantom of the Opera

There have been many literary and dramatic works based on Leroux's novel, ranging from stage musicals to films to children's books. Some well known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical.

References

  1. ^ Shah, Raj (2016). "The Publication and Initial French Reception of Gaston Leroux's Le Fantôme de l'Opéra". French Studies Bulletin. 37 (138): 13–16. doi:10.1093/frebul/ktw004.
  2. ^ Shah, Raj (2014). "No Ordinary Skeleton: Unmasking the Secret Source of Le Fantôme de l'Opéra". Forum for Modern Language Studies. 50 (1): 16–29 (17, 25n11). doi:10.1093/fmls/cqt048.
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