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'''''Etmopterus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Etmopteridae|lantern shark]]s in the [[Squaliformes|squaliform]] [[family (biology)|family]] Etmopteridae. They are found in [[deep sea]] ecosystems of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_genus | genus = Etmopterus | month = June | year = 2017 }}</ref> A number of species in this genus function as [[Host (biology)|host]] to the specialized [[parasitic]] barnacle ''[[Anelasma squalicola]]'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts [[nutrient]]s from its bloodstream.<ref name=Yano2000>Yano, K. & Musick, J.A. (2000): [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1007649227422 The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle ''Anelasma'' on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, ''Centroscyllium'' and ''Etmopterus''.] ''Environmental Biology of Fishes, 59 (3): 329–339.''</ref>
'''''Etmopterus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[shark]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Etmopteridae]] found in the [[deep-water]] of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_genus | genus = Etmopterus | month = June | year = 2017 }}</ref> These species are often parasited by the [[Goose barnacle|specialized parasitic barnacle]] ''[[Anelasma squalicola]]'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts nutrients from its bloodstream.<ref name=Yano2000>Yano, K. & Musick, J.A. (2000): [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1007649227422 The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle ''Anelasma'' on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, ''Centroscyllium'' and ''Etmopterus''.] ''Environmental Biology of Fishes, 59 (3): 329–339.''</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
⚫
There are currently 40 recognized species in this genus:

⚫
There are currently 41 recognized species in this genus:
* ''[[Etmopterus alphus]]'' <small>[[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Nicolas Straube|Straube]], [[Robin W. Leslie|R. W. Leslie]] & [[Simon Weigmann|Weigmann]], 2016</small> (White-cheek lanternshark) <ref name=Ebert2016>Ebert, D.A., Straube, N., Leslie, R.W. & Weigmann, S. (2016): [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/1814232X.2016.1198275 ''Etmopterus alphus'' n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean.] ''African Journal of Marine Science, 38 (3): 329-340.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus alphus]]'' <small>[[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Nicolas Straube|Straube]], [[Robin W. Leslie|R. W. Leslie]] & [[Simon Weigmann|Weigmann]], 2016</small> (White-cheek lanternshark) <ref name=Ebert2016>Ebert, D.A., Straube, N., Leslie, R.W. & Weigmann, S. (2016): [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/1814232X.2016.1198275 ''Etmopterus alphus'' n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean.] ''African Journal of Marine Science, 38 (3): 329-340.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus baxteri]]'' <small>[[Jack Garrick|Garrick]], 1957</small> (New Zealand lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus benchleyi]]'' <small>[[Victoria Elena Vásquez|Vásquez]], [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]] & [[Douglas J. Long|D. J. Long]], 2015</small> (Ninja lanternshark) <ref name=Vasquez2015>Vásquez, V.E., Ebert, D.A. & Long, D.J. (2015): [http://www.oceansciencefoundation.org/josf/josf17d.pdf ''Etmopterus benchleyi'' n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean.] ''Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 17: 43–55.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus benchleyi]]'' <small>[[Victoria Elena Vásquez|Vásquez]], [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]] & [[Douglas J. Long|D. J. Long]], 2015</small> (Ninja lanternshark) <ref name=Vasquez2015>Vásquez, V.E., Ebert, D.A. & Long, D.J. (2015): [http://www.oceansciencefoundation.org/josf/josf17d.pdf ''Etmopterus benchleyi'' n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean.] ''Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 17: 43–55.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus bigelowi]]'' <small>[[Shigeru Shirai|Shirai]] & [[Hiroyuki Tachikawa|Tachikawa]], 1993</small> (Blurred lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus bigelowi]]'' <small>[[Shigeru Shirai|Shirai]] & [[Hiroyuki Tachikawa|Tachikawa]], 1993</small> (Blurred lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus brachyurus]]'' <small>[[Hugh McCormick Smith|H. M. Smith]] & [[Lewis Radcliffe|Radcliffe]], 1912</small> (Short-tail lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus brachyurus]]'' <small>[[Hugh McCormick Smith|H. M. Smith]] & [[Lewis Radcliffe|Radcliffe]], 1912</small> (Short-tail lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus bullisi]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]] & [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]], 1957</small> (Lined lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus bullisi]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]] & [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]], 1957</small> (Lined lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus burgessi]]'' <small>[[Jayna Ann Schaaf-Da Silva|Schaaf-Da Silva]] & [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], 2006</small> (Broad-snout lanternshark) <ref name=Silva2006>{{cite journal | journal = Zootaxa, | volume = 1373 | year = 2006 | pages = 53–64 | title = ''Etmopterus burgessi'' sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan | authors = Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. & Ebert, D.A. }}</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus burgessi]]'' <small>[[Jayna Ann Schaaf-Da Silva|Schaaf-Da Silva]] & [[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], 2006</small> (Broad-snout lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus carteri]]'' <small>[[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 1985</small> (Cylindrical lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus carteri]]'' <small>[[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]] & [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]], 1985</small> (Cylindrical lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus caudistigmus]]'' <small>[[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002</small> (Tail-spot lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus caudistigmus]]'' <small>[[Peter Robert Last|Last]], [[George H. Burgess|G. H. Burgess]] & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 2002</small> (Tail-spot lanternshark)
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* ''[[Etmopterus schultzi]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953</small> (Fringe-fin lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus schultzi]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953</small> (Fringe-fin lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus sculptus]]'' <small>[[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno|Compagno]] & [[Marlee J. De Vries|De Vries]], 2011</small> (Sculpted lanternshark) <ref name=Ebert2011>Ebert, D.A., Compagno, L.J.V. & De Vries, M.J. (2011): [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1643/CI-09-183 A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: ''Etmopterus'') from Southern Africa.] ''Copeia, 2011 (3): 379-384.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus sculptus]]'' <small>[[David A. Ebert|Ebert]], [[Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno|Compagno]] & [[Marlee J. De Vries|De Vries]], 2011</small> (Sculpted lanternshark) <ref name=Ebert2011>Ebert, D.A., Compagno, L.J.V. & De Vries, M.J. (2011): [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1643/CI-09-183 A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: ''Etmopterus'') from Southern Africa.] ''Copeia, 2011 (3): 379-384.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus sentosus]]'' <small>[[A. John Bass|Bass]], [[Jeannette Dymock D’Aubrey|D'Aubrey]] & [[Nadaraj Kistnasamy|Kistnasamy]], 1976</small> (Thorny lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus sentosus]]'' <small>[[A. John Bass|A. J. Bass]], [[Jeannette Dymock D’Aubrey|D'Aubrey]] & [[Nadaraj Kistnasamy|Kistnasamy]], 1976</small> (Thorny lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus sheikoi]]'' <small>([[Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolganov|Dolganov]], 1986)</small> (Rasp-tooth dogfish) <ref name=Straube2013>Straube, N., White, W.T., Ho, H.-C., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2013): [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03752p278.pdf A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans.] ''Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 256–278.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus sheikoi]]'' <small>([[Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolganov|Dolganov]], 1986)</small> (Rasp-tooth dogfish) <ref name=Straube2013>Straube, N., White, W.T., Ho, H.-C., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2013): [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03752p278.pdf A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans.] ''Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 256–278.''</ref>
* ''[[Etmopterus spinax]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> (Velvet-belly lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus spinax]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> (Velvet-belly lanternshark)
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* ''[[Etmopterus villosus]]'' <small>[[Charles Henry Gilbert|C. H. Gilbert]], 1905</small> (Hawaiian lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus villosus]]'' <small>[[Charles Henry Gilbert|C. H. Gilbert]], 1905</small> (Hawaiian lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus virens]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953</small> (Green lanternshark)
* ''[[Etmopterus virens]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]], [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]] & [[Stewart Springer|S. Springer]], 1953</small> (Green lanternshark)

===Extinct species===

There are at least three extinct species found in ''Etmopterus''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shark-references.com/species/listAllFossil/E |title=List of species/Extinct - complete |website=shark-references.com |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref>
* †''Etmopterus acutidens'' <small>Casier 1966</small>
* †''Etmopterus cahuzaci'' <small>Adnet 2006</small>
* †''Etmopterus decacuspidatus'' <small>Chan 1966</small>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:53, 28 September 2017

Etmopterus
Temporal range: 48–0 Ma[1] Middle Eocene to Present
Etmopterus spinax
Etmopterus virens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
Order:
Squaliformes
Family:
Etmopteridae
Genus:
Etmopterus

Type species
Etmopterus aculeatus
Rafinesque, 1810

Etmopterus is a genus of sharks in the family Etmopteridae found in the deep-water of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.[2] These species are often parasited by the specialized parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola, which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts nutrients from its bloodstream.[3]

Species

There are currently 40 recognized species in this genus:

References

  1. ^ Adnet, S. & Cappetta, H. (2001): A palaeontological and phylogenetical analysis of squaliform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) based on dental characters. Lethaia, 34 (3): 234–248.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Etmopterus". FishBase. June 2017 version.
  3. ^ Yano, K. & Musick, J.A. (2000): The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle Anelasma on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, Centroscyllium and Etmopterus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 59 (3): 329–339.
  4. ^ Ebert, D.A., Straube, N., Leslie, R.W. & Weigmann, S. (2016): Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Science, 38 (3): 329-340.
  5. ^ Vásquez, V.E., Ebert, D.A. & Long, D.J. (2015): Etmopterus benchleyi n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 17: 43–55.
  6. ^ Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015): On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, off South Africa, with comments on the validity of E. compagnoi. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.
  7. ^ Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011): Etmopterus joungi n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.
  8. ^ Ebert, D.A., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Kajiura, S.M. & Wetherbee, B.M. (2017): Etmopterus lailae sp. nov., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Zootaxa, 4237 (2): 371–382.
  9. ^ White, W.T., Ebert, D.A., Mana, R.R. & Corrigan, S. (2017): Etmopterus samadiae n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4244 (3): 339–354.
  10. ^ Ebert, D.A., Compagno, L.J.V. & De Vries, M.J. (2011): A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from Southern Africa. Copeia, 2011 (3): 379-384.
  11. ^ Straube, N., White, W.T., Ho, H.-C., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2013): A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 256–278.
  12. ^ "Description of a new deep-sea Lantern Shark Etmopterus viator sp. nov. (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Southern Hemisphere. In: Duhamel, G. & Welsford, D. (Eds.), The Kerguelen Plateau: Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries.". Société Française d'Ichtyologie: 137–150. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
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