Chrysaora chesapeakei: Difference between revisions
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= ''Chrysaora chesapeakei'' = |
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[[File:Sea nettles (close).JPG|thumb|An example of the genus Chrysaora. Not necessarily C. chesapeakei ]] |
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{{Speciesbox|taxon=Chrysaora chesapeakei|authority=(Papenfuss, 1936)|image=}} |
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| ⚫ | '''''Chrysaora chesapeakei''''' is a [[sea nettle]] from the family [[Pelagiidae]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1039867|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chrysaora chesapeakei (Papenfuss, 1936)|website=www.marinespecies.org|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> It was shown to be a distinct species from ''[[Chrysaora quinquecirrha]]'' in 2017. Since then it is also commonly known as the bay nettle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gaffney|first=Patrick M.|last2=Collins|first2=Allen G.|last3=Bayha|first3=Keith M.|date=2017-10-13|title=Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common U.S. Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei)|url=https://peerj.com/articles/3863|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=5|pages=e3863|doi=10.7717/peerj.3863|issn=2167-8359}}</ref> It is mainly found in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] and along the US East Coast. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan="2" |''Chrysaora chesapeakei'' |
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! colspan="2" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] |
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|Kingdom: |
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|[[Animal|Animalia]] |
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|- |
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|Phylum: |
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|[[Cnidaria]] |
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|Class: |
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|[[Scyphozoa]] |
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|Order: |
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|[[Semaeostomeae]] |
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|Family: |
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|[[Pelagiidae]] |
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|Genus: |
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|Species: |
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|'''''C. chesapeakei''''' |
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! colspan="2" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |
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| colspan="2" |'''''Chrysaora chesapeakei''''' |
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(Papenfuss, 1936) |
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|} |
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== Description == |
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| ⚫ | '''''Chrysaora chesapeakei''''' is a [[sea nettle]] from the family [[Pelagiidae]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1039867|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - |
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[[File:Chrysaora quinquecirrha.jpg|thumb|An example of C. quinquecirrha ]] |
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Similar to other species of [[Chrysaora|sea nettle]], C. chesapeakei has a centrally located mouth surrounded by oral arms. It has a vaguely saucer-like shaped bell and typically has four long, lacy oral arms hanging from the bell.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/atlantic_sea_nettle1|title=Atlantic Sea Nettle|last=Pacific|first=Aquarium of the|website=www.aquariumofpacific.org|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> They usually have around twenty-four tentacles. The tentacles do contain a toxin that is capable of stinging and causing pain to humans. However, the toxin is not strong enough to prove fatal to a human, unless the toxin were to cause an allergic reaction.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In 2017, C. chesapeakei was differentiated as a separate species from [[Chrysaora quinquecirrha|C. quinquecirrha]]. Compared to [[Chrysaora quinquecirrha|C. quinquecirrha]], C. chesapeakei has a bell size that is on average half as small, usually around 10 cm. It also has fewer tentacles and longer oral arms. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://st/feature-news/jellyfish-species-discovered|title=Jellyfish Species Discovered|website=feature-news|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> |
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== Lifecycle == |
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When the eggs of C. Chesapeakei are developed, the mother jellyfish will carry them on her oral arms until the ciliated planulae develop. They will then swim until they find some sort of substrate on which to attach themselves. Typically that substrate would be something hard and rough with plenty of shade, but mostly they will attach to the shells of oysters.<ref name=":0" /> In either case, they begin to develop into polyps. From this point, if conditions are favorable, they will undergo a process known as strobilation occurs. This is when the polyp asexually produces the ephyrae into the water which then develop into the medusae.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12237-018-0459-7.pdf|title=Proxy Login - University Libraries - USC|website=login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu|doi=10.1007/s12237-018-0459-7.pdf|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> If conditions are not favorable, the polyps will continue in their benthic stage where they will wait for the return of favorable conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://resolver.ebscohost.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft.atitle=Boom+and+Bust:+Life+History,+Environmental+Noise,+and+the+(un)Predictability+of+Jellyfish+Blooms&rft.aufirst=Nicolas+A.&rft.aulast=Schnedler-Meyer&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389/fmars.2018.00257&rft.eissn=2296-7745&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FRONTIERS+IN+MARINE+SCIENCE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/webofscience.com:WOS:WOS&rft.stitle=FRONT+MAR+SCI&rft.volume=5&rft.au=Kiorboe,+Thomas,Mariani,+Patrizio&site=ftf-live|title=Proxy Login - University Libraries - USC|website=login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu|doi=10.3389/fmars.2018.00257&rft.eissn=2296-7745&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=frontiers+in+marine+science&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/webofscience.com:wos:wos&rft.stitle=front+mar+sci&rft.volume=5&rft.au=kiorboe,+thomas,mariani,+patrizio&site=ftf-live|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> |
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== Feeding == |
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Individuals of the C. chesapeakei species are typically carnivorous. They generally feed on plankton and small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans and [[Ctenophora|ctenophores]]. They can also act as a food source for several types of sea turtle. |
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Due to their feeding habits, C. chesapeakei have become an important species in the Chesapeake Bay. A species of ctenophore, [[Mnemiopsis|Mnemiopsis leidei]], has had a negative impact on many of the economically important fishing industries in the Chesapeake Bay. However, due to the fact that C. chesapeakei regularly feeds on the ctenophores, this species has been kept in check.<ref name=":1" /> It is possible that as climate change becomes a greater issue, there may be fluctuations in the availability of the populations of both species. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=March 2009|title=Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay|url=https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_najjar_001.pdf|journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science|volume=86|pages=|via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref> |
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== Distribution == |
== Distribution == |
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[[File:1859 U.S. Coast Survey Chart or Map of the Chesapeake Bay - Geographicus - ChesapeakeBay-uscs-1859.jpg|left|thumb|105x105px|The Chesapeake Bay]] |
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This species is found on the Atlantic coast of the USA.<ref name=bayha /> |
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C. chesapeakei can be found in several different types of water, including the open ocean, brackish water, bays, and estuaries. It is most commonly found in the Chesapeake Bay which is how it got its name. but it can also be found in many bays and estuaries along the U.S. east coast and even in the Gulf of Mexico |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Medusozoa-stub}} |
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[[Category:Animals described in 1936]] |
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<references />{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
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Revision as of 05:37, 19 April 2019
Chrysaora chesapeakei
.JPG)
Chrysaora chesapeakei is a sea nettle from the family Pelagiidae.[1] It was shown to be a distinct species from Chrysaora quinquecirrha in 2017. Since then it is also commonly known as the bay nettle.[2] It is mainly found in the Chesapeake Bay and along the US East Coast.
| Chrysaora chesapeakei | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Scyphozoa |
| Order: | Semaeostomeae |
| Family: | Pelagiidae |
| Genus: | Chrysaora |
| Species: | C. chesapeakei |
| Binomial name | |
| Chrysaora chesapeakei
(Papenfuss, 1936) | |
Description
Similar to other species of sea nettle, C. chesapeakei has a centrally located mouth surrounded by oral arms. It has a vaguely saucer-like shaped bell and typically has four long, lacy oral arms hanging from the bell.[3] They usually have around twenty-four tentacles. The tentacles do contain a toxin that is capable of stinging and causing pain to humans. However, the toxin is not strong enough to prove fatal to a human, unless the toxin were to cause an allergic reaction.[3]
In 2017, C. chesapeakei was differentiated as a separate species from C. quinquecirrha. Compared to C. quinquecirrha, C. chesapeakei has a bell size that is on average half as small, usually around 10 cm. It also has fewer tentacles and longer oral arms. [4]
Lifecycle
When the eggs of C. Chesapeakei are developed, the mother jellyfish will carry them on her oral arms until the ciliated planulae develop. They will then swim until they find some sort of substrate on which to attach themselves. Typically that substrate would be something hard and rough with plenty of shade, but mostly they will attach to the shells of oysters.[3] In either case, they begin to develop into polyps. From this point, if conditions are favorable, they will undergo a process known as strobilation occurs. This is when the polyp asexually produces the ephyrae into the water which then develop into the medusae.[5] If conditions are not favorable, the polyps will continue in their benthic stage where they will wait for the return of favorable conditions.[6]
Feeding
Individuals of the C. chesapeakei species are typically carnivorous. They generally feed on plankton and small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans and ctenophores. They can also act as a food source for several types of sea turtle.
Due to their feeding habits, C. chesapeakei have become an important species in the Chesapeake Bay. A species of ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidei, has had a negative impact on many of the economically important fishing industries in the Chesapeake Bay. However, due to the fact that C. chesapeakei regularly feeds on the ctenophores, this species has been kept in check.[5] It is possible that as climate change becomes a greater issue, there may be fluctuations in the availability of the populations of both species. [7]
Distribution
C. chesapeakei can be found in several different types of water, including the open ocean, brackish water, bays, and estuaries. It is most commonly found in the Chesapeake Bay which is how it got its name. but it can also be found in many bays and estuaries along the U.S. east coast and even in the Gulf of Mexico
References
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chrysaora chesapeakei (Papenfuss, 1936)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ^ Gaffney, Patrick M.; Collins, Allen G.; Bayha, Keith M. (2017-10-13). "Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common U.S. Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei)". PeerJ. 5: e3863. doi:10.7717/peerj.3863. ISSN 2167-8359.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c Pacific, Aquarium of the. "Atlantic Sea Nettle". www.aquariumofpacific.org. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ^ "Jellyfish Species Discovered". feature-news. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ a b "Proxy Login - University Libraries - USC" (PDF). login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu. doi:10.1007/s12237-018-0459-7.pdf. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ^ "Proxy Login - University Libraries - USC". login.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00257&rft.eissn=2296-7745&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=frontiers+in+marine+science&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/webofscience.com:wos:wos&rft.stitle=front+mar+sci&rft.volume=5&rft.au=kiorboe,+thomas,mariani,+patrizio&site=ftf-live. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay" (PDF). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 86. March 2009 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
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