Palm house: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Kew Gardens Palm House, London - July 2009.jpg|thumb|right|The Palm House at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]]] |
[[Image:Kew Gardens Palm House, London - July 2009.jpg|thumb|right|The Palm House at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]]] |
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The '''Palm House''' is a [[greenhouse]] located in the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] that specialises in growing [[arecaceae|palms]] and other tropical and subtropical plants. It was the first greenhouse to be built on this scale; constructed in 1844 by [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]] adhering to [[Decimus Burton]]'s designs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/palm-house|title=Palm House {{!}} Kew|website=www.kew.org|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref> Many of the plants in the Palm House are endangered or extinct in the wild. |
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Initially built as status symbols in [[Victorian era|Victorian Britain]], several examples of these ornate glass and iron greenhouses can still be found in significant parks such as [[Liverpool|Liverpool's]] [[Sefton Park]] and [[Stanley Park, Liverpool|Stanley Park]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Palm House and Rose Garden|url=http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/explore/attractions/palm-house-and-rose-garden|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> |
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One of the earliest examples of a palm house is located in the [[Belfast Botanic Gardens]]. Designed by [[Charles Lanyon]], the building was completed in 1840. It was constructed by iron-maker [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]], who would later also build the Palm House at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew]]. The latter, designed by [[Decimus Burton]] and Nicole Burton, was the first large-scale structural use of [[wrought iron]] and was built between 1844 and 1848.<ref name=bg>[http://www.bundesgaerten.at/article/articleview/62787/1/17612 Das Grosse Palmenhaus im Schlosspark Schönbrunn] Vienna Federal Gardens. {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.zimmer-palmen.de/ |title= Zimmerpalmen |accessdate=November 5, 2016 | archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lnakka4k |archivedate=November 5, 2016 |url-status=live|language=de}}</ref><ref>[http://www.waagner-biro.at/references//type/canopies/reference/palmenhaus-schoenbrunn-revitalisation/ Palmenhaus Schönbrunn - Revitalisation] Waagner-Biro.</ref> There has been discussion of who began the design process of the Palm House,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Desmond|first=R. G. C.|date=1972|title=Who Designed the Palm House in Kew Gardens?|journal=Kew Bulletin|volume=27|issue=2|pages=295–303|doi=10.2307/4109457|issn=0075-5974|jstor=4109457}}</ref> though a review of the Botanic Garden records and letters shows that [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]] was primarily involved in its design. |
One of the earliest examples of a palm house is located in the [[Belfast Botanic Gardens]]. Designed by [[Charles Lanyon]], the building was completed in 1840. It was constructed by iron-maker [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]], who would later also build the Palm House at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew]]. The latter, designed by [[Decimus Burton]] and Nicole Burton, was the first large-scale structural use of [[wrought iron]] and was built between 1844 and 1848.<ref name=bg>[http://www.bundesgaerten.at/article/articleview/62787/1/17612 Das Grosse Palmenhaus im Schlosspark Schönbrunn] Vienna Federal Gardens. {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.zimmer-palmen.de/ |title= Zimmerpalmen |accessdate=November 5, 2016 | archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lnakka4k |archivedate=November 5, 2016 |url-status=live|language=de}}</ref><ref>[http://www.waagner-biro.at/references//type/canopies/reference/palmenhaus-schoenbrunn-revitalisation/ Palmenhaus Schönbrunn - Revitalisation] Waagner-Biro.</ref> There has been discussion of who began the design process of the Palm House,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Desmond|first=R. G. C.|date=1972|title=Who Designed the Palm House in Kew Gardens?|journal=Kew Bulletin|volume=27|issue=2|pages=295–303|doi=10.2307/4109457|issn=0075-5974|jstor=4109457}}</ref> though a review of the Botanic Garden records and letters shows that [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]] was primarily involved in its design. |
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== History == |
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{{copyedit section|date=February 2020}} |
{{copyedit section|date=February 2020}} |
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[[William Jackson Hooker|Sir William J. Hooker]] was appointed Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew in 1841. |
[[William Jackson Hooker|Sir William J. Hooker]] was appointed Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew in 1841. As part of his plan to improve the image of the Royal Gardens, Sir Hooker asked [[Decimus Burton]] to draw up preliminary sketches of a new Palm House for review in 1844.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Richard Turner, |
[[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]] was also heavily involved in the design process, as shown through letters between [[Decimus Burton]], [[Richard Turner (iron-founder)|Richard Turner]], Sir William J. Hooker, and the Commissioners of Works along with the Office of Works at Kew.<ref name=":0" /> After an interview with Sir Hooker, Turner submitted his plans along with an estimate of the cost to the Board of Works. The Board of Works, in turn, asked Mr. Burton to review Mr. Turner’s plans.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Burton initially disagreed with Turner’s original plans because of the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]] Turner used in his prior works. Burton preferred the [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical style]] which is now shown throughout the design of the Palm House. Burton did take notice of Turner’s planning of where and which plants should be planted. Turner knew of the “problems of heating, ventilation, and structur[al<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Diestelkamp|first=Edward J.|date=January 1982|title=Richard Turner and the Palm House at Kew Gardens|journal=Transactions of the Newcomen Society|language=en|volume=54|issue=1|pages=1–26|doi=10.1179/tns.1982.001|issn=0372-0187}}</ref>]” issues greenhouses may have to deal with. |
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According to some accounts, Mr. Turner quickly sketched his plan of the Palm House and sent it to the ‘Building News.’ [[Thomas Drew (architect)|Thomas Drew]] also wrote to the ‘Building News’ where he was claiming “to have an authoritative statement from Turner...” He claimed ‘the Palm House was not only erected by him but was solely his design, although varied out under the supervision of Mr. Decimus Burton.”<ref name=":12" /> |
According to some accounts, Mr. Turner quickly sketched his plan of the Palm House and sent it to the ‘Building News.’ [[Thomas Drew (architect)|Thomas Drew]] also wrote to the ‘Building News’ where he was claiming “to have an authoritative statement from Turner...” He claimed ‘the Palm House was not only erected by him but was solely his design, although varied out under the supervision of Mr. Decimus Burton.”<ref name=":12" /> |
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== Maintenance == |
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== Upkeep On The Palm House == |
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In 1881, according to the "Report on The Process and Condition of The Royal Gardens at Kew", the flowerbeds in front of the building were redone and gravel paths were removed.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43916525.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A422f0867f4f1b2db3ab5df03e0f73a79</ref> The flowers at the back of the Palm House<nowiki/> and the low areas didn’t drain well. As a result, new drainage was put in to solve this issue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hooker|first=Jos. D.|date=1881|title=REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT KEW, During the Year 1881|journal=Report on the Progress and Condition of the Royal Gardens at Kew|pages=5–67|issn=0269-4077|jstor=43916525}}</ref> |
In 1881, according to the "Report on The Process and Condition of The Royal Gardens at Kew", the flowerbeds in front of the building were redone and gravel paths were removed.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43916525.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A422f0867f4f1b2db3ab5df03e0f73a79</ref> The flowers at the back of the Palm House<nowiki/> and the low areas didn’t drain well. As a result, new drainage was put in to solve this issue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hooker|first=Jos. D.|date=1881|title=REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT KEW, During the Year 1881|journal=Report on the Progress and Condition of the Royal Gardens at Kew|pages=5–67|issn=0269-4077|jstor=43916525}}</ref> |
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[[Category:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
[[Category:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
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[[Category:Decimus Burton buildings]] |
[[Category:Decimus Burton buildings]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Palm_House}} |
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Revision as of 20:22, 24 February 2020
The Palm House is a greenhouse located in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew that specialises in growing palms and other tropical and subtropical plants. It was the first greenhouse to be built on this scale; constructed in 1844 by Richard Turner adhering to Decimus Burton's designs.[1] Many of the plants in the Palm House are endangered or extinct in the wild.
Initially built as status symbols in Victorian Britain, several examples of these ornate glass and iron greenhouses can still be found in significant parks such as Liverpool's Sefton Park and Stanley Park.[2]
One of the earliest examples of a palm house is located in the Belfast Botanic Gardens. Designed by Charles Lanyon, the building was completed in 1840. It was constructed by iron-maker Richard Turner, who would later also build the Palm House at Kew. The latter, designed by Decimus Burton and Nicole Burton, was the first large-scale structural use of wrought iron and was built between 1844 and 1848.[3][4][5] There has been discussion of who began the design process of the Palm House,[6] though a review of the Botanic Garden records and letters shows that Richard Turner was primarily involved in its design.
History
 | This section may require copy editing. (February 2020) |
Sir William J. Hooker was appointed Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew in 1841. As part of his plan to improve the image of the Royal Gardens, Sir Hooker asked Decimus Burton to draw up preliminary sketches of a new Palm House for review in 1844.[6]
Richard Turner was also heavily involved in the design process, as shown through letters between Decimus Burton, Richard Turner, Sir William J. Hooker, and the Commissioners of Works along with the Office of Works at Kew.[6] After an interview with Sir Hooker, Turner submitted his plans along with an estimate of the cost to the Board of Works. The Board of Works, in turn, asked Mr. Burton to review Mr. Turner’s plans.[6]
Burton initially disagreed with Turner’s original plans because of the Gothic style Turner used in his prior works. Burton preferred the Neoclassical style which is now shown throughout the design of the Palm House. Burton did take notice of Turner’s planning of where and which plants should be planted. Turner knew of the “problems of heating, ventilation, and structur[al[7]]” issues greenhouses may have to deal with.
According to some accounts, Mr. Turner quickly sketched his plan of the Palm House and sent it to the ‘Building News.’ Thomas Drew also wrote to the ‘Building News’ where he was claiming “to have an authoritative statement from Turner...” He claimed ‘the Palm House was not only erected by him but was solely his design, although varied out under the supervision of Mr. Decimus Burton.”[7]
Maintenance
In 1881, according to the "Report on The Process and Condition of The Royal Gardens at Kew", the flowerbeds in front of the building were redone and gravel paths were removed.[8] The flowers at the back of the Palm House and the low areas didn’t drain well. As a result, new drainage was put in to solve this issue.[9]
See also
External links
References
- ^ "Palm House | Kew". www.kew.org. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
- ^ "Palm House and Rose Garden". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
- ^ Das Grosse Palmenhaus im Schlosspark Schönbrunn Vienna Federal Gardens. (in German)
- ^ "Zimmerpalmen" (in German). Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ Palmenhaus Schönbrunn - Revitalisation Waagner-Biro.
- ^ a b c d Desmond, R. G. C. (1972). "Who Designed the Palm House in Kew Gardens?". Kew Bulletin. 27 (2): 295–303. doi:10.2307/4109457. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4109457.
- ^ a b Diestelkamp, Edward J. (January 1982). "Richard Turner and the Palm House at Kew Gardens". Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 54 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1179/tns.1982.001. ISSN 0372-0187.
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43916525.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A422f0867f4f1b2db3ab5df03e0f73a79
- ^ Hooker, Jos. D. (1881). "REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT KEW, During the Year 1881". Report on the Progress and Condition of the Royal Gardens at Kew: 5–67. ISSN 0269-4077. JSTOR 43916525.