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#REDIRECT [[List of socialist states]]
{{primary sources|date=August 2019}}
{{merge to|List of socialist states|discuss=Talk:List of socialist states#Merge_to_List_of_former_communist_states_and_socialist_states_to_List_of_socialist_states|date=August 2019}}
{{History of Communist Nations}}
This is a list of former [[Communist state|communist]] and [[socialist state]]s. For a list of socialist states, see [[List of socialist states]].

== List of former communist states ==
* {{flagicon|Mongolia|1940}} [[Mongolian People's Republic]] (1924–1992)
* {{flagicon|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|1952}} [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
* {{flagicon|Armenia|1952}} [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)
* {{flagicon|Serbia|1946}} [[Socialist Republic of Serbia]] (1945–1990)
* {{flagicon|Croatia|1947}} [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]] (1945–1990)
* {{flagicon|Slovenia|1946}} [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]] (1945–1990)
* {{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1946}} [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1945–1992)
* {{flagicon|Macedonia|1946}} [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] (1945–1991)
* {{flagicon|Montenegro|1946}} [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro]] (1945–1992)
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria|1971}} [[People's Republic of Bulgaria]] (1946–1991)
* {{flagicon|Albania|1946}} [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]] (1946–1992)
* {{flagicon|Poland|1980}} [[Polish People's Republic]] (1947–1989)
* {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} [[Socialist Republic of Romania]] (1947–1989)
* {{flagicon|Czechoslovakia}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] (1948–1990)
* {{flagicon|North Korea}} [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (1948–1992/2009){{efn|Although the government's official ideology is now the ''[[Juche]]'' part of [[Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism]] policy of [[Kim Il-sung]] as opposed to orthodox [[Marxism–Leninism]], it is still considered a [[socialist state]]. In 1992, all references to Marxism–Leninism in the [[Constitution of North Korea]] were dropped and replaced with ''Juche''.<ref>[http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1934&context=ilj "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications"].</ref> In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that not only did it remove all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, but it also dropped all reference to [[communism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leonidpetrov.wordpress.com/2009/10/12/dprk-has-quietly-amended-its-constitution/|title=DPRK has quietly amended its Constitution|work=Leonid Petrov's Korea Vision|date=11 October 2009}}</ref>}}
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian People's Republic]] (1949–1989)
* {{flagicon|East Germany|1959}} [[German Democratic Republic]] (1949–1990)
* {{flagicon|South Yemen}} [[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967–1990)
* {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somali Democratic Republic]] (1969–1991)
* {{flagicon|Republic of the Congo|1970}} [[People's Republic of the Congo]] (1969–1992)
* {{flagicon|Ethiopia|1975}} [[Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia]] (1974–1987)
* {{flagicon|Mozambique|1975}} [[People's Republic of Mozambique]] (1975–1990)
* {{flagicon|Benin|1975}} [[People's Republic of Benin]] (1975–1990)
* {{flagicon|Angola}} [[People's Republic of Angola]] (1975–1992)
* {{flagicon|Madagascar}} [[Democratic Republic of Madagascar]] (1975–1992)
* {{flagicon|Afghanistan|1980}} [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] (1978–1992)
* {{flagicon|Grenada}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada]] (1979–1983)
* {{flagicon|Cambodia|1979}} [[People's Republic of Kampuchea]] (1979–1989)
* {{flagicon|Burkina Faso|}} [[Burkina Faso#Burkina Faso (since 1984)|National Council for the Revolution]] (1984–1987)
* {{flagicon|Ethiopia|1987}} [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]] (1987–1991)

== Former multi-party states with governing communist parties ==
There are multi-party states with communist parties leading the government. Such states are not considered to be communist states as the countries themselves allow for multiple parties and do not provide a constitutional role for their communist parties.
* {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[Republic of San Marino]] ([[Sammarinese Communist Party]], 1945–1957)
* {{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Republic of Nicaragua]] ([[Sandinista National Liberation Front]], 1979–1990)
* {{flagicon|Guyana}} [[Co-operative Republic of Guyana]] ([[People's Progressive Party (Guyana)|People's Progressive Party]], 1992–2015)
* {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Republic of Moldova]] ([[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova]], 2001–2009)
* {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Republic of Cyprus]] ([[Progressive Party of Working People]], 2001–2013)
* {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Republic of Nepal]] ([[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)]], [[Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] and [[Nepal Communist Party]], 2008–present)

== Non-Marxist–Leninist ==
{{main|List of socialist states}}

=== Former countries with constitutional references to socialism ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"|Country
!scope="col"|Full name
!scope="col"|From
!scope="col"|Until
!scope="col"|Duration
!scope="col" width="350"|Constitutional
statement
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{flag|Burma|1974}}
|[[Burmese Way to Socialism|Union of Burma]]
|2 March 1962
|3 January 1974
|{{ayd|1962|3|2|1974|1|3}}
|rowspan="3"|Chapter XVI General Provisions: "In order to overcome this deterioration and to build Socialism, the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma assumed responsibility as a historical mission, adopted the Burmese Way to Socialism and also formed the [[Burma Socialist Programme Party]]".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=XVI|section=General Provisions|country=the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma|language=|ratified=2 March 1974|url=http://www.thailawforum.com/database1/constmyanmar.html|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Burmese Way to Socialism|Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma]]
|3 January 1974
|18 September 1988
|{{ayd|1974|1|3|1988|9|18}}
|-
|Total
|2 March 1962
|18 September 1988
|{{ayd|1962|3|2|1988|9|18}}
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}
|[[Republic of Cape Verde]]
|5 July 1975
|22 September 1992
|{{ayd|1975|7|5|1992|9|22}}
|Chapter 1, Article 1: "Cape Verde is a sovereign, democratic, laic, unitary, anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist state".<ref>{{cite constitution|quote=Cape Verde is a sovereign, democratic, laic, unitary, anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist state.|article=1|section=1|country=Cape Verde|language=Portuguese|ratified=5th September 1980|url=http://cedis.fd.unl.pt/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CONST-CV-1980.pdf|accessdate=9/11/2018}}</ref><br /><br />It was a one-party state ruled by the [[African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde]], whose goal was the construction of a socialist society and which received support from other communist and socialist states.<ref>Weisburd, Arthur Mark (2010) [1997]. ''Use of Force: The Practice of States Since World War II''. Penn State University Press. p. 79.</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|{{flag|Egypt}}
|[[Republic of Egypt (1953–58)|Republic of Egypt]]
|18 June 1953
|22 February 1958
|{{ayd|1953|6|18|1958|2|22}}
|rowspan="4"|Preamble: "The Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic, socialist state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=Preamble|section=Preamble|country=the Republic of Egypt|language=|ratified=22 July 1957|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Egypt%20Constitution.pdf|accessdate=|quote=The Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic, socialist state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The Egyptian people are part of the Arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity.}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Arab Republic]]
|22 February 1958
|28 September 1961
|{{ayd|1958|2|22|1961|9|28}}
|-
|[[Arab Republic of Egypt]]
|28 September 1961
|26 March 2007
|{{ayd|1961|9|28|2007|3|26}}
|-
|Total
|18 June 1953
|26 March 2007
|{{ayd|1953|6|18|2007|3|26}}
|-
|{{flag|Ghana|1964}}
|[[Republic of Ghana]]
|1 July 1960
|24 February 1966
|{{ayd|1960|7|1|1966|2|24}}
|Part 1, Article 2: "In the confident expectation of an early surrender of sovereignty to a union of African states and territories, the people now confer on Parliament the power to provide for the surrender of the whole or any part of the sovereignty of Ghana".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=1|section=2|country=the Republic of Ghana|language=|ratified=1 July 1960|url=http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2017/resources/ghana_constitution_1960.pdf|accessdate=}}</ref><br /><br />See the [[1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum]].<ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/gh.html#1960_Plebiscite "27 April 1960 Plebiscite"]. African Election Databse. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</ref><br /><br />[[Kwame Nkrumah]], the first [[President of Ghana]], is mentioned in the constitution. Nkrumah and his party, the [[Convention People's Party]], were [[African socialism|African socialists]], whose party constitution stated: "To establish a socialist state in which all men and women shall have equal opportunity and where there shall be no capital[ist] exploitation".<ref>Apter, David Ernest (21 February 1972) [1963]. ''Ghana in Transition'' (2nd revised ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 204. {{ISBN|978-0691021669}}.</ref><br /><br />Ghana's Seven Year Development plan included the task to "[e]mbark upon the socialist transformation of the economy through the rapid development of state and co-operative sectors".<ref>Ghana. Planning Commission (1964). ''Seven-year Development Plan: A Brief Outline''. Office of the Planning Commission.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iraq|1963}}
|[[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraqi Republic]] ([[Ba'athism|Ba'athist]])
|17 July 1968
|9 April 2003
|{{ayd|1968|7|17|2003|4|9}}
|Chapter 1, Article 1: "Its [the country's] basic objective is the realization of one Arab State and the build-up of the socialist system".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=1|section=1|country=the Republic of Iraq|language=|ratified=21 September 1968|url=http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/local_iraq1990.pdf|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|{{flag|Libya|1977}}
|[[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Libyan Arab Republic|Libyan Arab Republic]]
|1 September 1969
|2 March 1977
|{{ayd|1969|9|1|1977|3|2}}
|rowspan="4"|Section 1, Article 6: "The aim of the state is the realization of socialism through the application of social justice which forbids any form of exploitation".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=5|section=1|country=the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|language=|ratified=11 December 1969|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly00000_.html|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|[[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]
|2 March 1977
|15 April 1986
|{{ayd|1977|3|2|1986|4|15}}
|-
|[[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]
|15 April 1986
|23 October 2011
|{{ayd|1986|4|15|2011|10|23}}
|-
|Total
|1 September 1969
|23 October 2011
|{{ayd|1969|9|1|2011|10|23}}
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|[[Democratic Republic of Madagascar]]
|30 December 1975
|12 September 1992
|{{ayd|1975|12|30|1992|9|12}}
|[[Malagasy constitutional referendum, 1975]]
|-
|{{flag|Seychelles|1977}}
|[[Republic of Seychelles]]
|5 June 1977
|27 December 1991
|{{ayd|1977|06|05|1991|12|27}}
|Preamble: "Seychelles is declared to be a sovereign socialist republic".<ref>{{cite journal|title=The 1979 constitution for Seychelles|journal=Commonwealth Law Bulletin|volume=5|pages=1329–1332|doi=10.1080/03050718.1979.9985562}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sudan|1970}}
|[[History of Sudan (1969–85)|Democratic Republic of the Sudan]]
|25 May 1969
|10 October 1985
|{{ayd|1969|5|25|1985|10|10}}
|Preamble: "In the belief of our pursuit of freedom, socialism and democracy to achieve the society of sufficiency, justice and equality".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=5|section=1|country=the Democratic Republic of the Sudan|language=|ratified=13 March 1973|url=http://www.righttononviolence.org/mecf/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Constitution-Sudan-1973-+-amendment-1975.pdf|accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Syria|1980}}
|[[Syrian Arab Republic]]
|8 March 1963
|27 February 2012
|{{ayd|1963|3|8|2012|2|27}}
|Section 1, Article 8: "The leading party in the society and the state is the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party]]. It leads a patriotic and progressive front seeking to unify the resources of the people's masses and place them at the service of the Arab nation's goals".<ref>{{cite constitution|article=5|section=1|country=the Syrian Arab Republic|language=|ratified=12 April 1973|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sy00000_.html|accessdate=}}</ref>
|}

== Ephemeral ==
These are short-lived political entities that emerged during wars or revolutions (mostly in the aftermath of World War I) and declared themselves socialist or communist under some interpretation of the term, but which did not survive long enough to create a stable government or achieve international recognition.
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Paris Commune]] (18 March–28 May 1871)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Strandzha Commune]] (18 August–8 September 1903)
* {{flagicon image|Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg}} [[Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar]] (December 1917–26 February 1918)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic]] (28 January–29 April 1918)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Odessa Soviet Republic]] (31 January–13 March 1918)
* {{flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic]] (12 February–May 1918)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg}} [[November 1918 in Alsace-Lorraine|Alsace Soviet Republic]] (9–22 November 1918)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[German Revolution of 1918–19|Free Socialist Republic of Germany]] (9 November 1918 – 11 August 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Saxony Soviet]] (13 November 1918–14 March 1919)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/German_States1918.htm#Sachsen|title=German States since 1918|last=Cahoon|first=Ben|website=World Statesmen.org|accessdate=16 January 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Black_flag.svg}} [[Free Territory]] (27 November 1918–28 August 1921)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg}} [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] (29 November 1918–5 June 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Latvian SSR 1919.svg}} [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic]] (17 December 1918–13 January 1920)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg}} [[Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (27 February–25 August 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] (21 March–6 August 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Bavarian Soviet Republic|Bavarian Council Republic]] (6 April–3 May 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Limerick Soviet]] (15–27 April 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic]] (28 April–26 June 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (5/11 May–September 1919; 15–18 September 1924)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Mughan Soviet Republic]] (15 May–June 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Slovak Soviet Republic]] (16 June–7 July 1919)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Persian Socialist Soviet Republic]] (9 June 1920–September 1921)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Galician SSR.svg}} [[Galician Soviet Socialist Republic]] (8 July–21 September 1920)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Autumn Harvest Uprising|Hunan Soviet]] (9 September 1927–October 1927; succeeded by the [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]] and then the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]])
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou Commune (Guangzhou Soviet)]] (11 December 1927–13 December 1927)
* {{flagicon image|BlackFlag.svg}} [[Korean People's Association in Manchuria|Shinmin Prefecture]] (1929–1932)
* {{flagicon image|Communist Party of Vietnam flag.svg}} [[Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets|Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet]] (1930–1931)
* {{flag|Chinese Soviet Republic}} (7 November 1931–22 September 1937)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Chile.svg}} [[Socialist Republic of Chile]] (4 June–2 October 1932)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[Fujian People's Government|People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (22 November 1933–13 January 1934)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Asturian miners' strike of 1934|Asturian Socialist Republic]] (5 October–18 October 1934)
* {{flagicon image|CNT_FAI_flag.png}} [[Anarchist Aragon]] (21 July 1936–1939)
* {{flagicon image|CNT_FAI_flag.png}} [[Revolutionary Catalonia]] (21 July 1936–1939)
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] (December 1939–March 1940)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Second East Turkestan Republic.svg}} [[Second East Turkestan Republic]] (12 November 1944–20 December 1949)
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_People%27s_Committee_of_Korea.svg}} [[People's Republic of Korea]] (6 September 1945–February 1946)
* {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan people's government flag.svg}} [[Azerbaijan People's Government]] (November 1945–December 1946)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Mahabad.svg}} [[Republic of Mahabad]] (22 January–15 December 1946)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} [[Provisional People's Committee for North Korea]] (February 1946–9 September 1948)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Provisional Democratic Government]] of Greece (24 December 1947–28 August 1949)
* {{flagicon image|Single_Color_Flag_-_BF0000.svg}} [[Marquetalia Republic]] (1948–1958)
* {{flagicon image|FNL Flag.svg}} [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam]] (8 June 1969–2 June 1976)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg}} [[Democratic Kampuchea]] (1975–1979)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of The Gambia.svg}} [[Kukoi Sanyang|National Revolutionary Council of Gambia]] (30 July 1981–5 August 1981)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} [[Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (21 May–7 July 1994)

== Former non-Marxist–Leninist people's republics ==
* {{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}} (1917–1921; succeeded by the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]])
* {{flagicon|Crimea|1917}} [[Crimean People's Republic]] (1917–1918; unrecognized)
* {{flag|Belarusian People's Republic}} (1918–1919; unrecognized)
* {{flag|West Ukrainian People's Republic}} (1918–1919; joined the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]])
* {{flag|Hungarian People's Republic (1918–19)|name=Hungarian People's Republic}} (1918–1919; unrecognized)
* {{flagicon|Korean Empire}} [[People's Republic of Korea]] (1945–1946)
* {{flagicon|Zanzibar}} [[People's Republic of Zanzibar]] (1963–1964)
* {{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] (1977–2011)

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authoritarian types of rule}}
{{communist states}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Former communist states and socialist states}}
[[Category:Socialism-related lists]]

Latest revision as of 15:39, 31 March 2020

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